The Use of the International Hydrographic Organisation's 'Standards for Hydrographic Surveys' As a Measure of Depth Accuracy in Continental Shelf Determinations

Article 76 of UNCLOS requires the determination of depths of 2,500m to establish the position of one of the two alternative components of the Outer Constraint to the Continental Shelf. Recognising the water depth’s possible role, the Guidelines produced by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) specify the types of depth-measuring instrumentation that can be used, the types of analysis to transform bathymetry data into a bathymetric model, and the type of database and supporting information to be provided. Included in the latter is the requirement to provide A priori or a posteriori estimates of random and systematic errors’, where a priori errors may be calculated using the International Hydrographic Organisation's (IHO's) S44 Standard for Hydrographic Surveys. Having the CLCS refer to this internationally accepted standard as the most appropriate for UNCLOS purposes imposes a responsibility on the IHO to ensure that S44 does provide an appropriate, up to date and achievable standard for 2,500m water depths. This paper shows how S44 could be revised to make it fully suitable for this new task, one that for which it was not originally designed . S44 defines total error as the Root Sum of Squares (RSS) of the constant and variable depth errors. Marine areas are divided into zones according to their use by surface shipping, and a table provides the values to be substituted in the RSS equation for each area. While this approach has proven useful for transportation purposes, it is not necessarily applicable to deep-water contours, in that it does not take into account the magnitude and impact of the many factors that influence the uncertainty of location of deep water contours. These differ greatly in their magnitude and influence as the sea floor deepens beyond navigation depths, and are explained in this paper. We conclude with a firm suggestion to the IHO to undertake production of a new edition of S44 and include information on how it can be expanded to become more applicable to deep water

Preemption & the Regulatory Paradigm in the Roberts Court

This short article first examines the Court\u27s general preemption doctrine, including relevant criticisms. It then details the rise of the regulatory paradigm in the Supreme Court\u27s cases, especially as it culminates in the Roberts Court\u27s reliance on it. Finally, it examines potential implications of increasing reliance on that paradigm, including manipulation of preemption doctrine by judges, continued deference to agency officials\u27 decisions to preempt, and adverse effects on individual tort plaintiffs

Range-Extended Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) in a Marine Environment

We have been investigating the extension in range of baselines used in support to marine applications. Our focus has been with PPK (post-processing kinematic) following the Remondi\u27s lemma: it is better to have a reliable float ambiguity resolution rather than a wrongly fixed ambiguity. We have focused our attention on the residual effect due to differential troposphere. Our investigation makes use of data sets collected under the scope of the Princess of Acadia Project. In this paper, we focus on a storm know as the 2004 Halifax weather bomb. Zenith tropospheric delays have been compared for that time period. It is shown that using Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) GEM model provides a better agreement with the zenith delay as provided by the IGS tropospheric product for station IGS UNB1. We have developed a program, the UNB NWP Ray-tracing software, intended to compute zenith and slant path delays from NWP data sets. This paper shows the state of the art in our efforts towards using NWP for positioning. Reprinted with permission from The Institute of Navigation (http://ion.org/) and The Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation, (pp. 805-809). Fairfax, VA: The Institute of Navigation

Prophylactic anticoagulation to prevent venous thromboembolism in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage: a decision analysis

Abstract Introduction Patients with intracranial hemorrhage due to traumatic brain injury are at high risk of developing venous thromboembolism including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Thus, there is a trade-off between the risks of progression of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) versus reduction of DVT/PE with the use of prophylactic anticoagulation. Using decision analysis modeling techniques, we developed a model for examining this trade-off for trauma patients with documented ICH. Methods The decision node involved the choice to administer or to withhold low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) anticoagulation prophylaxis at 24 hours. Advantages of withholding therapy were decreased risk of ICH progression (death, disabling neurologic deficit, non-disabling neurologic deficit), and decreased risk of systemic bleeding complications (death, massive bleed). The associated disadvantage was greater risk of developing DVT/PE or death. Probabilities for each outcome were derived from natural history studies and randomized controlled trials when available. Utilities were obtained from accepted databases and previous studies. Results The expected value associated with withholding anticoagulation prophylaxis was similar (0.90) to that associated with the LMWH strategy (0.89). Only two threshold values were encountered in one-way sensitivity analyses. If the effectiveness of LMWH at preventing DVT exceeded 80% (range from literature 33% to 82%) our model favoured this therapy. Similarly, our model favoured use of LMWH if this therapy increased the risk of ICH progression by no more than 5% above the baseline risk. Conclusions Our model showed no clear advantage to providing or withholding anticoagulant prophylaxis for DVT/PE prevention at 24 hours after traumatic brain injury associated with ICH. Therefore randomized controlled trials are justifiable and needed to guide clinicians

Prospectus, December 1, 1977

STU-GO: STU-GO VOTES AGAINST DELAY SYSTEM, WILL BUY \u27TOYS FOR TOTS\u27; Toys for Tots; Woods offers nice winter get-away; Vets should give notice if planning to move; PFW Christmas party tonight; Corbin speaks on Animal Biology; Parkland Events; Hymn and carol sing in PC gym; Canteen committee member castigates \u27cake\u27 communique; New agribusiness course announced; Vet Techs Week; Wide-screen TV; League seeking more bowlers; \u27Masters-piece\u27 presented here by senior group; The Better Information Project, also known as BIPPIE awards; SWAMP sponsors info fair here; Poet\u27s Corner; Monday set as interview night for real-estaters; Women gather in Houston: Was IWY meeting effective?; Author here Monday; Devices help the visually impaired; Old-fashioned Christmas at New Salem; Special Notice; Journ club meets; Silver cue sparkles in exhibition: White conjures and captures crowd; Classifieds; Bouncing Bob takes over; Eureka JV\u27s remain question for Cobra squad; Cobras drop first game to fired-up Springfield quintet; Hopes are high: indoor track; Larson, Adams represent PC at nationals in Tuscon; M-S best 2-A team; High school roundballers groom for March Madness; Men\u27s basketball: Home opener features convincing win; Can women repeat success?: Freshmen lead women cagers, Perfection hard to improve upon, Parkland Women\u27s Basketball Team, Parkland Women\u27s Basketball Schedulehttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1977/1002/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, November 2, 1977

NEWS IN BRIEF: HIGH SCHOOLERS HERE, FACULTY WIVES GIVE SCHOLARSHIP, SHOPPING TRIP SET FOR DECEMBER 3RD, CHI DISCUSSION ON WEIGHT CONTROL; Parkland Events; Fireworks fly at Stu-Go meet; Letters to the editor: ORT\u27s explained, Pigeons praised; Pleas for PLATO: \u27a blessing for students\u27, \u27strongly urge retention, \u27have a heart\u27, \u27negative through waves\u27, \u27like throwing out books\u27; Louse epidemic in local schools; Advertising Policy; Peer pressure, low income cited: Blacks are still not college bound today; Scholar refutes Malthusian scientific racism theories; Area juvenile offenders get bigger breaks now; Bus Stop: a refreshing bit of American at Krannert; Women are arrested during clash between police and striking miners; Women sponsor child-rearing free workshop; Health Dept. probes cancer causing drug; Women\u27s balloon altitude mark set; United Airlines recruit engineers; Prizes, scholarships for film making students; Halloween Day: Every gorilla shall have his day; At Sullivan\u27s Little Theatre: Opening night of Vanities a delight; Tykociner \u2778 speaker selected; Pig heart valves are saving lives; A very good year: Oh, the passions for a \u2757 Chevrolet; Russian poet at UI; Open House; Ragtime rhythms exhilirate Caramia\u27s Krannert crowd; Classifieds; Conference leads split as football enters final weeks; Lincoln Trail wins jr. college gold tournament; Bring on Woody!! Illini loss is fooler; Women\u27s regional volleyball tourney here this weekend; Kraft Werk upsets IM football favorites, 12-0; Fast Freddy; A review: Air pockets mar new courtshttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1977/1006/thumbnail.jp

Range-Extended PostProcessing Kinematic (PPK) in a marine environment

ABSTRACT We have been investigating on the extension in range of baselines used in support to marine applications. Our focus has been with PPK (post-processing kinematic) following the Remondi's lemma: it is better to have a reliable float ambiguity resolution rather than a wrongly fixed ambiguity". We have focused our attention on the residual effect due to differential troposphere. Our investigation makes use of data sets collected under the scope of the Princess of Acadia Project. In this paper, we focus on a storm know as the 2004 Halifax weather bomb. Zenith tropospheric delays have been compared for that time period. It is shown that using Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) GEM model provides a better agreement with the zenith delay as provided by the IGS tropospheric product for station IGS UNB1. We have developed a program, the UNB NWP Ray-tracing software, intended to compute zenith and slant path delays from NWP data sets. This paper shows the state of the art in our efforts towards using NWP for positioning

Prospectus, February 22, 1978

IS ANNEXATION TO CHAMPAIGN INEVITABLE?; A real stew in Stu-Go; Letters to the editor: Laudations for lifespan workshop, More on saving PLATO; Parkland College News in Brief: Keep out of handicapped parking….Or else!; Black Woman\u27s workshop, Parkland serves unusual course; SSU rep. here Tues., Next CHI program: SIDS, Writers needed to publish, Long lifers 4th annual arts and crafts show; Speech team keeps on talking; Table tennis, anyone?: Parkland\u27s Phan takes second at U of I; Happy Birthington\u27s Washday, everyone!; MTD bus schedule changes affect Parkland commuters; Star-gazers glance back and foretell an icy future; Classifieds; Humane Society has no choice...: Unwanted, unloved...animals die by the thousands; March Madness just around the corner: Area roundballers down to the wire; Men\u27s team tops CIAC: Regular season over: 22-4!; IM basketball titles still up for grabs; Arkansas-Houston game is fooler; Women finish season with loss to Olney at sectional; Bouncing Bob Basketball Bonanzahttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1978/1024/thumbnail.jp

Atomic Dark Matter

We propose that dark matter is dominantly comprised of atomic bound states. We build a simple model and map the parameter space that results in the early universe formation of hydrogen-like dark atoms. We find that atomic dark matter has interesting implications for cosmology as well as direct detection: Protohalo formation can be suppressed below $M_{proto} \sim 10^3 - 10^6 M_{\odot}$ for weak scale dark matter due to Ion-Radiation interactions in the dark sector. Moreover, weak-scale dark atoms can accommodate hyperfine splittings of order 100 \kev, consistent with the inelastic dark matter interpretation of the DAMA data while naturally evading direct detection bounds.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure