Optimization of process parameters for enhanced biodegradation of acid red 119 by Bacillus thuringiensis SRDD

Developed Bacillus thuringiensis SRDD showed degradation of C.I. Acid red 119 and growth under the extremecondition of temperature 70°C, pH 3-8, heavy metals concentration of 0.8 mM, NaCl up to 900 mM and 1000 ppm dye. Cottonseed, caster cake and corn cake powders were found to be better and cheaper nutrient supplements for the Bacillus thuringiensisSRDD for biodegradation as compared to molasses. After development of the culture and the process, more than99% degradation was achieved in less than 2 hrs of contact time even on 18th cycles of addition of 100 ppm AR-119 dye. Thedeveloped process showed AR-119 biodegradation rate as high as 220 mg L-1 h-1, which is found to be 130 times more ascompared to the reported data. U.V., FTIR, TLC and HPLC analysis data confirmed biodegradation ability of the Bacillusthuringiensis for AR-119

A study on Feasibility of Bioremediation of Crude Oil contaminated soil from Kalol with Indigenous Mixed Culture

Bioremediation is an efficient technique for treatment of various kinds of contaminants with application of microorganisms and the provision of their kinetics renders implementation of various biochemical characterizations based on rates of decomposition. The present study is based on feasibility of bioremediation for crude oil contaminated soil from agricultural land of Kalol area of Ahmedabad district, Gujarat, India. The experiment was arranged in five batches with descending levels of contamination measured in terms of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH); batch A and B with initial contamination of 11.7% TPH and batch C, D, E with 7.3%, 7.24%, 2.3% TPH respectively. The indigenous consortium from collected soil sample was cultured in lab and applied to batch A, C, E whereas unknown culture provided by OTBL (ONGC TERI Biotech Limited) was applied to batch B, C and treated as reference to the other three batches. The growth pattern of indigenous consortium was observed from total colony counts in CFU/ml/day that revealed diauxic growth pattern during stages of development after lag phase. The kinetics of microbial growth using Verhulst model based on diauxic isotherm was plotted. Also the degradation of crude oil in all batches of soil was estimated using solvent extraction technique at regular intervals of time. The degradation rate of crude oil contamination within soil was studied using integral method which showed first order kinetics. Other characteristics of indigenous consortium including morphology and substrate utilization were observed using standard determination methods. The variation in physical and chemical properties of soil such as pH, ORP, conductivity, colour, TPH are observed on prior and latter basis of bioremediation

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Isolation of halotolerant and halophilic bacteria and screening of their poly enzyme potential

129-136A water sample was collected from a high tide influenced zone of water logged area near a coastal region of Bhavnagar. Total twenty eight different isolates were obtained. Except four isolates, all were able to grow on Zobell marine agar medium with 5% NaCl. Dominance of orange pigment was found at > 20% salt concentration and yellow pigment at 10% NaCl. Among the isolates, bacilli were found dominant. Isolates were checked for the production of amylase, protease, cellulase, lipase and chitinase in the presence of 5% salt concentration. Cellulase producing isolates were more compared to amylase and protease producers and only one isolate produced chitinase. Isolate 27 was the only isolate found to have polyenzyme production potential and was growing up to 15% NaCl concentration. This isolate showed 98% similarity with Bacillus licheniformis strain ESR26 and was identified as Bacillus licheniformis LRK1 (GenBank accession number KF534782) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis

Cost effective bioprocess for actual dye manufacturing industrial wastewater using statistical tool

316-327Dye contaminated wastewater is a cause of concern in textile and dyeing industry. By law, it is now mandatory to treat colour along with chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the effluent to required standards before discharging the same. In this context, bioremediation of textile effluent by bacterial consortium has gained considerable attention as it is relatively cost-effective and eco-friendly. Here, we propose a novel bacterial consortium consisting of Bacillus sp., Proteus mirabilis, Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus cereus, capable of removing 70% ADMI and 65% COD of effluent in mineral medium with 100% removal of heavy metals present in the effluent. Medium formulation by response surface methodology (RSM) method resulted in 89% COD reduction and 84% ADMI reduction from the SSDM effluent. The consortium was capable for degradation of SSDM effluent having as high as 21000 ADMI colour value. Analysis of untreated and treated SSDM effluent on UV-Vis spectroscopy and HPLC confirmed the mineralization of SSDM effluent. Induction of intracellular azo reductase (838%, 780%), NADH-DCIP reductase (288%, 216%) in addition to extracellular tyrosinase (102%, 309%) in F-MSMUJ and MSMYG medium, respectively indicates the vital role of oxido-reductive enzymes in the mineralization process. Single cell gel electrophoresis technique using Allium cepa showed decrease in tail length of comet for treated effluent compared to the untreated. Complete germination (100%) of plant seeds, Vigna radiata and Trigonella foenum-graecum, was achieved after treatment by the consortium in contrast to a meagre 20 and 30% germination of the respective plants in case of untreated effluent. Batch and fed batch treatment of SSDM effluent showed significant tolerance of consortium at high effluent load

Chemical and microbial leaching of base metals from obsolete cell-phone printed circuit boards

Bioleaching process is recommended for the recovery of metals from electronic waste (E-waste) due to its environment-friendly nature and a rich source of metals present in the E-waste. Each gram of cell phone printed circuit boards (PCBs) powder used in the study contained 275.5, 17.85 and 19.55 mg copper, zinc and nickel as major metal constituents respectively. The chemical leaching by mixture of ferric sulphate and ferrous sulphate (70:30) at 100 g L−1 pulp density was best for copper leaching among the studied systems in which after 4 d of reaction time, 2740 mg copper was solubilized from cell phone PCB powder, while ferric sulphate alone was best for zinc and nickel solubilisation, in which 88 mg zinc and 135 mg nickel were solubilised after 4 d and 7 d of reaction time, respectively.Bioleaching study showed that with acidophilic iron oxidizers, pH 1.8 and initial ferrous concentration 9 g L−1 were optimum for Cu–Zn–Ni extraction from discarded cell phone PCB powder. Cu–Zn–Ni extractions from 10 g L−1 cell phone PCB powder pulp density by the metabolites of iron-oxidizing consortium were 275, 5 and 11 mg, while at 50 and 100 g L−1 pulp density, extractions were 1350, 18 and 53 mg, and 2640, 25 and 100 mg, respectively. The process can be further scaled-up for higher pulp density. Keywords: Bioleaching, Iron-oxidizers, Discarded cell phone PCBs powder, Cu–Zn–Ni metals, Ferric iro

Not Available

Not AvailableArchaea (Archaebacteria) are a phenotypically diverse group of microorganisms distributed mainly in extreme environments throughout the world. To study the community of archaea present in the extreme salty marshes of the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India culturedependent approach was employed for isolating archaea by mimicking extreme hypersaline environment and 25 extreme halophilic archaea were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of a number of uncultivated and unidentified members of archaea among the isolates present. Phylogenetic analysis involving the sequence data of 16S rRNA of 25 haloarchaeal isolates, keeping Methanospirillium hungatei DSM864 (M60880) as the out-group, also identified a novel lineage of three isolates. The 16S rRNA sequences of the strains 3A1-DGR, H9-DGR and 2ANA-DGR showed less than 93% similarity with the available known type strains and these three strains belong to a distinct novel lineage within the family Halobacteriaceae, near an uncultivated environmental cluster.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableArchaea (Archaebacteria) are a phenotypically diverse group of microorganisms distributed mainly in extreme environments throughout the world. To study the community of archaea present in the extreme salty marshes of the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India culturedependent approach was employed for isolating archaea by mimicking extreme hypersaline environment and 25 extreme halophilic archaea were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of a number of uncultivated and unidentified members of archaea among the isolates present. Phylogenetic analysis involving the sequence data of 16S rRNA of 25 haloarchaeal isolates, keeping Methanospirillium hungatei DSM864 (M60880) as the out-group, also identified a novel lineage of three isolates. The 16S rRNA sequences of the strains 3A1-DGR, H9-DGR and 2ANA-DGR showed less than 93% similarity with the available known type strains and these three strains belong to a distinct novel lineage within the family Halobacteriaceae, near an uncultivated environmental cluster.Not Availabl