Presence of Leptin in Chronic Periapical Lesions

INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown the regulatory role of Leptin in bone formation, its expression in adipose tissue as well as increased levels in circulation following the adminstration of inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). However, there is little data evaluating the role of Leptin in inflammatory periapical lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and concentration of Leptin in chronic periapical lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chronic periapical lesions with different sizes were collected during periapical surgery of the mandibular molars from twenty patients and cultured for 72 hours. The ELISA method determined the concentration of Leptin in supernatant fluids of explants cultures. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U, Chi-Square and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient). RESULTS: Leptin was found in all samples with the average concentration of 405.55±102.98 (pg/mL). There was no significant correlation between the concentration of Leptin and BMI, and the diameters of lesions. CONCLUSION: Leptin can be considered an inflammatory mediator and is likely to have a role during the early phases of dental periapical lesions

Incremental Forming of Polymers at Room Temperature

Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is a forming process in which a fully clamped sheet is formed by a hemispherical ended tool that moves along a predefined 3D toolpath. The sheet is formed in a series of local deformations to reach its desired shape. Double Sided Incremental Forming (DSIF) includes one tool on each side of the sheet so that the second tool can take the role of the local die or the forming tool to improve the part shape geometry and forming parts with higher geometric complexity. Significant advantages of incremental forming process include, (i) low tooling cost due to easy fabrication and geometry independence of the tools, (ii) absence of the heating energy cost due to room temperature nature of the process, and (iii) its capability of forming complex parts which make it suitable for low volume forming of the polymer sheets as well as prototype fabrication. This work investigates the effects of SPIF process parameters on formability and failure mode in polymer, metal-polymer laminates, mechanical and microstructural properties, and chain orientation of the formed polymers. Capability of DSIF process in forming polymers is also shown and discussed. Investigation on the effect of SPIF process parameters on formability and mode of failure shows that increasing incremental depth increases formability; however, this advantage is limited to the occurrence of wrinkling. The results show that the mode of failure depends on incremental depth and shape of the part being formed. Additionally, tool rotation speed reduces forming forces. Investigation of the influence of SPIF on mechanical properties and chain orientation of the formed polymers shows that SPIF increases the strain at fracture and Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS). Yield stress and Young’s modulus in the formed polymers are reduced as compared to the unformed polymers. The effect of process parameters on formability and failure mode in SPIF of Metal-Polymer laminates is also examined and it is shown that polymer thickness has a significant effect on formability. Additionally, the feasibility of forming polymers with DSIF process is presented. Preliminary results show that DSIF increases the formability and geometric definition as compared to SPIF

Solvent effects on structural and thermochemical properties of p53 tumor-suppressor gene: a molecular modeling approach in drug design

The p53 tumor-suppressor protein is a cellular phosphoprotein and a negative regulator of cell growth. Most p53 mutations occur in exons 5–8 within the DNA-binding domain. Therefore, p53 can potentially be targeted with novel drugs designed to bind to a mutation and restore its stability or wild-type conformation. For the current study, Hartree–Fock calculations were used to investigate the solvent-induced effects of five different solvent media (acetone, ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water) on the thermochemical parameters and relative energies, and on the multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance shielding tensors of oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus nuclei, of GAT. To understand how the solvent affects the mutation region (the “hot spot”) of p53, the relative energies of GAT in selected solvent media were determined. Some biological evidence suggested the structural stabilities of hot spots of GAT have the optimum temperature and solvent type for mutation. All the authors’ findings are in accordance with common biological phenomena. Another important objective of this study was to compare the hydration Gibbs free energies of CUA and GAT in water using two different approaches where the solvent was treated as a continuum of the constant at different levels of Hartree–Fock theory. The Gibbs hydration energy values obtained in water with the polarized continuum model directly applied on the isolated CUA and GAT sequences were compared with those determined from the hydrated models with four, six, and eight water molecule clusters around the hot spots uracil and adenine. The clustered structures of water molecules around the hot spots of GAT (in DNA level) and CUA (in transcriptional level) were found to be energetically favored. The results of this study provide a reliable insight into the nature of mutation processes, which is of utmost importance for the study of biochemical structures, and provide a basis for drug design

2-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy­phen­yl)-1,2-dihydro­quinazolin-4(3H)-one

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H11BrN2O2, contains two independent mol­ecules connected into a dimer by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the amine and carbonyl groups. The dimers are further connected by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains running parallel to the a axis, which are stabilized through π–π stacking inter­actions, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.679 (8) Å. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 89.2 (4)°

2-[Bis(5-chloro-2-pyridylamino)methyl]pyridine monohydrate

In the title compound, the dihedral angles between the 2-amino-5-chloro­pyridyl rings and the pyridine ring are 56.26 (6)° and 78.83 (5)°; the angle between the 2-amino-5-chloro­pyridyl rings is 72.42 (5)°. The solvent water mol­ecules are linked to the organic compound by N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O, N—H⋯N and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. π⋯π Stacking inter­actions are also observed between the 2-amino-5-chloro­pyridyl rings (centroid⋯centroid distance = 3.243 Å)

Dopaminium perchlorate

In the title compound [systematic name: 2-(3,4-dihydroxy­phen­yl)ethanaminium perchlorate], C8H12NO2 +·ClO4 −, the cations and anions are linked into three-dimensional structure via inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

The Uncertainty Principle and Non-Violation of Causality in Islamic Philosophy (The Critical Analysis Based on Avicenna and Allameh Tabataba'i's view)

The principle of causality is one of the most fundamental principles that has been discovered in the history of philosophy and science. Several foundations revolve around this concept. The importance of this principle in classical physics lies in giving physicists the ability to predict phenomena. Furthermore, due to causality is recognized as a fundamental principle in classical physics. With the introduction of the principle of uncertainty, the principle of causality is empirically called into question. Because the claim of the principle of uncertainty in quantum mechanics is that the relationships between fundamental particles are not causally related to each other, and even the behavior of an electron or a subatomic particle is not based on the principle of causality. If we want to identify the speed of particles, we will not be able to identify their state, and if we want to determine their state, we will not be able to identify their speed. The best way to resolve this conflict is to bring the discussion into philosophy, which is exactly what has been done in Islamic philosophy. The concept of causality in Western philosophy seems to be based on Newtonian concepts. But what has been stated in Islamic philosophy is based on metaphysical concepts, and therefore the principle of uncertainty cannot contradict the concept of causality in Islamic philosophy, especially what has been discussed in the philosophy of Avicenna and Allameh Tabataba'i

Effect of Dexamethasone on Striatal Neurotransmissions in the Rats Subjected to Parkinson’s Disease Animal Model

Objective(s)The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on striatal dopaminergic, glutamatergic and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) ergic neurotransmission in normal and parkinsonian rats.Materials and MethodsDexamethasone (0.15, 0.30, 0.60 and 0.8 mg/kg) was administered to normal or parkinsonian rats (i.p.) followed by the analysis of the striatal neurotransmitters concentrations. Additionally, the effect of dexamethasone on the damaged Substantia nigra pars compata (SNc) neurons has been investigated. ResultsDexamethasone resulted in decreased level of striatum glutamatergic-GABAergic and enhanced dopaminergic neurotransmission in normal and parkinsonian rats. In addition, acute treatment with dexamethasone did not improve the lesion at all. ConclusionThese findings suggest the new therapeutic mechanism of action for dexamethasone in Parkinson’s disease animal model