6,643 research outputs found
A prohibition of equilibrium spin currents in multi-terminal ballistic devices
We show that in the multi-terminal ballistic devices with intrinsic
spin-orbit interaction connected to normal metal contacts there are no
equilibrium spin currents present at any given electron energy. Obviously, this
statement holds also after the integration over all occupied states. Based on
the proof of this fact, a number of scenarios involving nonequilibrium spin
currents is identified and further analyzed. In particular, it is shown that an
arbitrary two-terminal device cannot polarize transient current. The same is
true for the output terminal of an N-terminal device when all N-1 inputs are
connected in parallel.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure; presented at the DARPA SPinS review (#Th-19), San
Francisco, CA, October 25-28, 200
Direct determination of 2D Momentum Space from 2D Spatial Coherence of Light using a Modified Michelson Interferometer
Momentum space distributions of photons coming out of any light emitting
materials/devices provide critical information about its underlying physical
origin. Conventional methods of determining such properties impose specific
instrumentational difficulties for probing samples kept within a low
temperature cryostat. There were past studies to measure one dimensional (1D)
coherence function which could then be used for extracting momentum space
information as well as reports of measurements of just two dimensional (2D)
coherence function. However, all of those are associated with additional
experimental complexities. So, here we propose a simpler, modified Michelson
interferometer based optical setup kept at room temperature outside the
cryostat to initially measure the 2D coherence function of emitted light, which
can then be used to directly estimate the 2D in-plane momentum space
distribution by calculating its fast Fourier transform. We will also discuss
how this experimental method can overcome instrumentational difficulties
encountered in past studies.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure
Break-down of the density-of-states description of scanning tunneling spectroscopy in supported metal clusters
Low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy allows to probe the
electronic properties of clusters at surfaces with unprecedented accuracy. By
means of quantum transport theory, using realistic tunneling tips, we obtain
conductance curves which considerably deviate from the cluster's density of
states. Our study explains the remarkably small number of peaks in the
conductance spectra observed in recent experiments. We demonstrate that the
unambiguous characterization of the states on the supported clusters can be
achieved with energy-resolved images, obtained from a theoretical analysis
which mimics the experimental imaging procedure.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Turbulence in Fluid and Plasma: Search for a New Paradigm
A first principle explanation of the origin of intermittency and nonlinear
structure formation in the Lagrangian velocity increments of a turbulent flow
is presented in the context of a scale invariant analytical formalism that is
being developed recently. The copious generation of power laws and nonlinear
exponents in the structure functions are shown to follow quite naturally in the
present formalism.Comment: 10 pages, Latex2
Aktivitas Antimikroba Sopi terhadap Bakteri Patogen Salmonella Typhimurium dan Salmonella Enteritidis
Sopi is a traditional drink from East Nusa Tenggara, made through a fermentation process that is derived from palm trees (Borassus flabellifer L.) which also has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial agent. The purpose of this study was to identify the antimicrobial activity of Sopi against pathogenic bacteria. Identification of the antimicrobial activity conducted in two stages, testing the alcohol content and acidity from sopi; and bioassay testing using pathogenic bacteria Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis. The results showed that the Sopi has antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis. Results of this research may be basic research to the development of Sopi as an antimicrobial agent
Skrining Fitokimia Minuman Tradisional Moke dan Sopi sebagai Kandidat Antimikroba
Sopi and moke of East Nusa Tenggara Province are some traditional beverage made from nira or interest leads palm (Borassus flabellifer L.). Several studies have shown that sopi and moke have an antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity of plants derivatives may be influenced by the content of phytochemical compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the class of phytochemical compounds in sopi and moke. Phytochemical testing performed on seven chemical compounds, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols hydroquinone, steroids, triterphenoid, tannins and saponins. The results show that sopi contains of alkaloids and moke contains of phenol hydroquinone and saponins. Antimicrobial activity of sopi and moke supposed to be caused by these three compounds and this could be a potential source of an alternative disinfectant candidate
Microscopic non-equilibrium theory of quantum well solar cells
We present a microscopic theory of bipolar quantum well structures in the
photovoltaic regime, based on the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism
for a multi band tight binding Hamiltonian. The quantum kinetic equations for
the single particle Green's functions of electrons and holes are
self-consistently coupled to Poisson's equation, including inter-carrier
scattering on the Hartree level. Relaxation and broadening mechanisms are
considered by the inclusion of acoustic and optical electron-phonon interaction
in a self consistent Born approximation of the scattering self energies.
Photogeneration of carriers is described on the same level in terms of a self
energy derived from the standard dipole approximation of the electron-photon
interaction. Results from a simple two band model are shown for the local
density of states, spectral response, current spectrum, and current-voltage
characteristics for generic single quantum well systems.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures; corrected typos, changed caption Fig. 1,
replaced Fig.
Electron Transport Through Molecules: Self-consistent and Non-self-consistent Approaches
A self-consistent method for calculating electron transport through a
molecular device is proposed. It is based on density functional theory
electronic structure calculations under periodic boundary conditions and
implemented in the framework of the nonequilibrium Green function approach. To
avoid the substantial computational cost in finding the I-V characteristic of
large systems, we also develop an approximate but much more efficient
non-self-consistent method. Here the change in effective potential in the
device region caused by a bias is approximated by the main features of the
voltage drop. As applications, the I-V curves of a carbon chain and an aluminum
chain sandwiched between two aluminum electrodes are calculated -- two systems
in which the voltage drops very differently. By comparing to the
self-consistent results, we show that this non-self-consistent approach works
well and can give quantitatively good results.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure
Electron Transport Through Molecules: Gate Induced Polarization and Potential Shift
We analyze the effect of a gate on the conductance of molecules by separately
evaluating the gate-induced polarization and the potential shift of the
molecule relative to the leads. The calculations use ab initio density
functional theory combined with a Green function method for electron transport.
For a general view, we study several systems: (1) atomic chains of C or Al
sandwiched between Al electrodes, (2) a benzene molecule between Au leads, and
(3) (9,0) and (5,5) carbon nanotubes. We find that the polarization effect is
small because of screening, while the effect of the potential shift is
significant, providing a mechanism for single-molecule transistors.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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