Forming a mixed Quadrature rule using an anti-Lobatto four point Quadrature rule

A mixed quadrature rule of higher precision for approximate evaluation of real definite integrals has been constructed using an anti-Lobatto rule. The analytical convergence of the rule has been studied. The relative efficiencies of the mixed quadrature rule has been shown with the help of suitable test integrals. The error bound has been determined asymptotically

ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN A NEW TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF A TRIBAL DISTRICT OF ODISHA

Objective: India accounts for about one-fourth of the global TB burden. WHO TB statistics for India for 2018 gives an estimated incidence fig. of 2.69 million cases (199 per one lakh population). Drug-induced Hepatotoxicity is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality of the TB patient if these drugs continued after symptoms of hepatotoxicity develop. Whether the hepatotoxicity is due to individual drugs or due to additive effects is still unclear. The management therapy for TB patients with anti-TB DIH is imperative to ensure successful TB treatment and not recurrence DIH. Aim of the current study is to find out the pattern of Liver enzyme raised after antitubercular therapy in the tribal population of Koraput district where different phylogenetic populations reside where clinically it was observed by the physician little early onset of hepatotoxicity than national and international data. Methods: A prospective study was done after clearance from the Institutional Ethical Committee, Saheed Laxman Nayak Medical College, Koraput, from January 2019 to December 2019. Patients with>15 y of age with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis with normal liver enzymes were included. Patients having abnormal liver enzymes before treatment, seropositive TB patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, pregnant ladies and children<15 y of age were excluded. Results: Out of 922 patients in total; 4.78% (44) tuberculosis patients developed anti TB DIH. 68.18% (30) patients are below 50 y of age and 31.82% (14) are above 50 y of age group among TB patients with DIH. Age has no statistically significant influence on the occurrence of anti-TB DIH, but there is a statistically significant influence of sex on the occurrence of anti TB DIH. The mean occurrence of anti TB DIH is 18±18.16 d. One case of anti TB DIH patients shows signs and symptoms as early as on day 6th. The commonest symptoms are nausea and vomiting in 64% of patients who developed DIH. Interruption of ATT after DIH occurred in 79.54% of patients with recurrence in only 9.9% of patients after the reintroduction of ATT. Conclusion: Anti TB DIH mostly occurred between 7-28 d of starting the ATT in this geographical region. The duration of the anti TB ATT regimen is prolonged due to DIH. We recommend that all patients should have LTs 2 w after starting ATT, even if asymptomatic

Effect of plasma treatment on crease recovery finish of linen with carboxylic acid

470-474The effect of helium plasma treatment has been investigated on crease recovery finish of linen fabric using carboxylic acid as crosslinker. After the plasma treatment, 5% increase in wet pickup is observed compared to the control fabric. This plasma treated sample is crosslinked with butyl tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). The significant increase in crease recovery angle is found as compared to the untreated crosslinked fabric. However, significant reduction in tearing is also observed in both the cases. Tearing strength could be improved to acceptable range by adding silicone softener during cross-linking process. The untreated and plasma-treated fabrics are analyzed by scanning electron microscope and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to investigate the changes in surface morphology and surface functional groups

Effect of plasma treatment on crease recovery finish of linen with carboxylic acid

The effect of helium plasma treatment has been investigated on crease recovery finish of linen fabric using carboxylic acid as crosslinker. After the plasma treatment, 5% increase in wet pickup is observed compared to the control fabric. This plasma treated sample is crosslinked with butyl tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). The significant increase in crease recovery angle is found as compared to the untreated crosslinked fabric. However, significant reduction in tearing is also observed in both the cases. Tearing strength could be improved to acceptable range by adding silicone softener during cross-linking process. The untreated and plasma-treated fabrics are analyzed by scanning electron microscope and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to investigate the changes in surface morphology and surface functional groups.

Polyacrylonitrile and polylactic acid blend nanofibre spinning using needleless electrospinning technique

In this work, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polylactic acid (PLA) blended polymers have been used to prepare a flexible and partially biodegradable electrospun nanofibre sheet suitable for filtration application. Also, acetone has been used as a replacement of dimethyl formamide (DMF) during spinning and a needleless (wire electrode) electrospinning machine has been used for filament preparation. Initially, PAN fibre is spun with DMF and various parameters, such as polymer concentration, voltage, distance between electrodes and RH%, are standardised. With these standard parameters, PLA is then added with PAN, and PLA concentration is optimised without affecting the desired fibre diameter. Further, the amount of acetone with DMF is also standardised without affecting the fibre diameter. Finally, polymer concentration of 2.5% PAN with 0.5% of PLA, a potential difference of 55 kV, electrode distance of 125mm at 35% RH and 10% acetone are found suitable for getting the desired nanofibre with minimum diameter.

AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF CLINICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF CIRRHOSIS OF LIVER

Objective: Efforts can be made to normalize the hematological parameters so that the morbidity and mortality in these patients could be effectively reduced. Methods: This observational study was carried out among 69 cirrhosis patients that fulfills the inclusion and exclusion criteria, attended the medicine outpatient department, and admitted in medicine ward of PRM Medical College and Hospital, Baripada, Dist. Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India, from June 2018 to January 2019. Results: In our study, we had 59 male and 10 female patients with an average age of 49.8±13.19 years. About 92.75% of the patients were alcoholic. Abdominal distension (92.75%) and ascites (84.06%) were the most common presenting complaints. Pallor was present in 42 (60.87%) cases. Splenomegaly was present in 35 (50.72%) cirrhotic patients. Renal dysfunction was present in 23 (33.33%) cases. Sixty-six (95.65%) patients had anemia and 47 (68.12%) patients had thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: From this study, we can conclude that, in cirrhosis of liver patients, various hematological changes are very common which need to be identified and corrected early to reduce morbidity and mortality

Childhood leprosy: A review

Leprosy in children is of special importance as it is the indicator of transmission in community. It affects both the child and family members psychologically and functionally. In this review, we will discuss regarding epidemiology of childhood leprosy in detail, types of leprosy in children, diagnostic difficulties in children, prevention of disabilities in children, and effect of childhood leprosy on the community

Polyacrylonitrile and polylactic acid blend nanofibre spinning using needleless electrospinning technique

117-123In this work, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polylactic acid (PLA) blended polymers have been used to prepare a flexible and partially biodegradable electrospun nanofibre sheet suitable for filtration application. Also, acetone has been used as a replacement of dimethyl formamide (DMF) during spinning and a needleless (wire electrode) electrospinning machine has been used for filament preparation. Initially, PAN fibre is spun with DMF and various parameters, such as polymer concentration, voltage, distance between electrodes and RH%, are standardised. With these standard parameters, PLA is then added with PAN, and PLA concentration is optimised without affecting the desired fibre diameter. Further, the amount of acetone with DMF is also standardised without affecting the fibre diameter. Finally, polymer concentration of 2.5% PAN with 0.5% of PLA, a potential difference of 55 kV, electrode distance of 125mm at 35% RH and 10% acetone are found suitable for getting the desired nanofibre with minimum diameter

DIAGNOSTIC YIELD OF ADA IN TUBERCULAR PLEURAL EFFUSION

Objective: Tuberculosis is one of the most common causes of pleural effusion in developing countries like India encountered by medical professionals globally. The present study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic yield of pleural fluid ADA in tubercular pleural effusion. Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted in the Department of Medicine and Pulmonary Medicine, Saheed Laxman Naik Medical College and Hospital from 1st Jan 2019 to 31st March 2020. All patients >15 years of age with lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion and pleural effusion associated with smear/ CBNAAT positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, who attended the Department during the study period were included in the study. A case was taken as tuberculous using defined criteria. Patients with transudative effusions, post-traumatic effusions, pregnant & lactating women, and persons on drugs that affect Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity like interferon alpha, deoxycoformycin, ribavirin, and viramidine were excluded from the study. Results: The mean ADA value was 93.93 ± 44.63IU/L among the cases with tuberculous effusion and 56.36 ± 62.81 IU/L in the non-tuberculous effusion group. At a cut-off value of 50.7 IU/L, pleural fluid ADA showed a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 74% in diagnosing tuberculosis etiology. Conclusions: The mean ADA values were significantly higher in tuberculous pleural effusions when compared to the non-tuberculous group. When this was combined with pleural fluid lymphocyte dominancy, the specificity increased to 96%. ADA values varied with age in our study population