A computational model for the prediction of jet entrainment in the vicinity of nozzle boattails (The BOAT code)

The basic code structure is discussed, including the overall program flow and a brief description of all subroutines. Instructions on the preparation of input data, definitions of key FORTRAN variables, sample input and output, and a complete listing of the code are presented

Fully-coupled analysis of jet mixing problems. Part 1. Shock-capturing model, SCIPVIS

A computational model, SCIPVIS, is described which predicts the multiple cell shock structure in imperfectly expanded, turbulent, axisymmetric jets. The model spatially integrates the parabolized Navier-Stokes jet mixing equations using a shock-capturing approach in supersonic flow regions and a pressure-split approximation in subsonic flow regions. The regions are coupled using a viscous-characteristic procedure. Turbulence processes are represented via the solution of compressibility-corrected two-equation turbulence models. The formation of Mach discs in the jet and the interactive analysis of the wake-like mixing process occurring behind Mach discs is handled in a rigorous manner. Calculations are presented exhibiting the fundamental interactive processes occurring in supersonic jets and the model is assessed via comparisons with detailed laboratory data for a variety of under- and overexpanded jets

Numerical methods for the calculation of three-dimensional nozzle exhaust flow fields

Numerical codes developed for the calculation of three-dimensional nozzle exhaust flow fields associated with hypersonic airbreathing aircraft are described. Both codes employ reference plane grid networks with respect to three coordinate systems. Program CHAR3D is a characteristic code utilizing a new wave preserving network within the reference planes, while program BIGMAC is a finite difference code utilizing conservation variables and a one-sided difference algorithm. Secondary waves are numerically captured by both codes, while the underexpansion shock and plume boundary are treated discretely. The exhaust gas properties consist of hydrogen-air combustion product mixtures in local chemical equilibrium. Nozzle contours are treated by a newly developed geometry package based on dual cubic splines. Results are presented for simple configurations demonstrating two- and three-dimensional multiple wave interactions

Social costs and benefits of micro irrigation system adoption in canal commands: a study from IGNP command area of Bikaner in Rajasthan

Irrigation systemsDrip irrigationSprinkler irrigationCrop productionWater productivityLivestockCost benefit analysis

Kinetics & Mechanism of Base Hydrolysis of Malonato & Succinato Complexes of Pentaamminecobalt(III) Ion

300-30

Computational models for the viscous/inviscid analysis of jet aircraft exhaust plumes

Computational models which analyze viscous/inviscid flow processes in jet aircraft exhaust plumes are discussed. These models are component parts of an NASA-LaRC method for the prediction of nozzle afterbody drag. Inviscid/shock processes are analyzed by the SCIPAC code which is a compact version of a generalized shock capturing, inviscid plume code (SCIPPY). The SCIPAC code analyzes underexpanded jet exhaust gas mixtures with a self-contained thermodynamic package for hydrocarbon exhaust products and air. A detailed and automated treatment of the embedded subsonic zones behind Mach discs is provided in this analysis. Mixing processes along the plume interface are analyzed by two upgraded versions of an overlaid, turbulent mixing code (BOAT) developed previously for calculating nearfield jet entrainment. The BOATAC program is a frozen chemistry version of BOAT containing the aircraft thermodynamic package as SCIPAC; BOATAB is an afterburning version with a self-contained aircraft (hydrocarbon/air) finite-rate chemistry package. The coupling of viscous and inviscid flow processes is achieved by an overlaid procedure with interactive effects accounted for by a displacement thickness type correction to the inviscid plume interface

Fully-coupled analysis of jet mixing problems. Three-dimensional PNS model, SCIP3D

Numerical procedures formulated for the analysis of 3D jet mixing problems, as incorporated in the computer model, SCIP3D, are described. The overall methodology closely parallels that developed in the earlier 2D axisymmetric jet mixing model, SCIPVIS. SCIP3D integrates the 3D parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) jet mixing equations, cast in mapped cartesian or cylindrical coordinates, employing the explicit MacCormack Algorithm. A pressure split variant of this algorithm is employed in subsonic regions with a sublayer approximation utilized for treating the streamwise pressure component. SCIP3D contains both the ks and kW turbulence models, and employs a two component mixture approach to treat jet exhausts of arbitrary composition. Specialized grid procedures are used to adjust the grid growth in accordance with the growth of the jet, including a hybrid cartesian/cylindrical grid procedure for rectangular jets which moves the hybrid coordinate origin towards the flow origin as the jet transitions from a rectangular to circular shape. Numerous calculations are presented for rectangular mixing problems, as well as for a variety of basic unit problems exhibiting overall capabilities of SCIP3D

Navigation control of an automated mobile robot robot using neural network technique

Over recent years, automated mobile robots play a crucial role in various navigation operations. For any mobile device, the capacity to explore in its surroundings is essential. Evading hazardous circumstances, for example, crashes and risky conditions (temperature, radiation, presentation to climate, and so on.) comes in the first place, yet in the event that the robot has a reason that identifies with particular places in its surroundings, it must discover those spots. There is an increment in examination here due to the requisition of mobile robots in a solving issues like investigating natural landscape and assets, transportation tasks, surveillance, or cleaning. We require great moving competencies and a well exactness for moving in a specified track in these requisitions. Notwithstanding, control of these navigation bots get to be exceptionally troublesome because of the exceedingly unsystematic and dynamic aspects of the surrounding world. The intelligent reply to this issue is the provision of sensors to study the earth. As neural networks (NNs) are described by adaptability and a fitness for managing non-linear problems, they are conceived to be useful when utilized on navigation robots. In this exploration our computerized reasoning framework is focused around neural network model for control of an Automated motion robot in eccentric and unsystematic nature. Hence the back propagation algorithm has been utilized for controlling the direction of the mobile robot when it experiences by an obstacle in the left, right and front directions. The recreation of the robot under different deterrent conditions is carried out utilizing Arduino which utilizes C programs for usage