Generalized information entropies depending only on the probability distribution

Systems with a long-term stationary state that possess as a spatio-temporally fluctuation quantity $\beta$ can be described by a superposition of several statistics, a "super statistics". We consider first, the Gamma, log-normal and $F$-distributions of $\beta$. It is assumed that they depend only on $p_l$, the probability associated with the microscopic configuration of the system. For each of the three $\beta-$distributions we calculate the Boltzmann factors and show that they coincide for small variance of the fluctuations. For the Gamma distribution it is possible to calculate the entropy in a closed form, depending on $p_l$, and to obtain then an equation relating $p_l$ with $\beta E_l$. We also propose, as other examples, new entropies close related with the Kaniadakis and two possible Sharma-Mittal entropies. The entropies presented in this work do not depend on a constant parameter $q$ but on $p_l$. For the $p_l$-Gamma distribution and its corresponding $B_{p_l}(E)$ Boltzmann factor and the associated entropy, we show the validity of the saddle-point approximation. We also briefly discuss the generalization of one of the four Khinchin axioms to get this proposed entropy.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Dinuclear UO2(VI), Th(IV), ZrO(IV) and VO(IV) complexes based on some Schiff-base ligands: Synthesis and structural elucidation

A series of homo binuclear complexs of the type [M2(L/L’)(NO3)n(H2O)2], [where M=UO22+, Th4+, ZrO2+] and [(VO)2(L/L’)(SO4)(H2O)], L= 4, 17-di(o-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6,9,12,15,16-hexaaza-7,8,13,14-tetraphenyl heptadec-4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16-hexene or L’= 10:11-benzo-4, 17-di(o-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6,9,12,15,16-hexaaza-7,8,13,14-tetraphenyl heptadec-4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16-hexene, n=2 for UO22+, ZrO2+  n=6 for Th4+, have been synthesized in template method from ethylenediamine/orthophenylene diamine, benzil monohydrazone and salicyldehyde and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, thermal analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic moment, electronic, infrared, 1H-NMR studies.  The results indicate that the VO(IV) ion is penta co-ordinated yielding paramagnetic complexes; UO2(VI), ZrO(IV) ions are hexa co-ordinated where as Th(IV) ion is octa co-ordinated yielding diamagnetic complexes of above composition

Pattern of extra pulmonary tuberculosis among urban population with special reference to CBNAAT as a diagnostic tool: a retrospective study at a tertiary care hospital of Odisha, India

Background: Diagnosis of Extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) is a challenge. Authors wanted to assess the sites of extra-pulmonary involvement during 2013-2017 in a tertiary care hospital cum medical college. Authors also wanted to evaluate the role of Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) in diagnosis of EPTB and compare its efficacy with AFB Culture.Methods: Total 470 EPTB cases diagnosed between 2013 and 2017 from 840 TB treatment records maintained in designated microscopy centre. Specific samples from appropriate sites were taken up for smear for AFB, CBNAAT and AFB culture.Results: There was incremental detection and registration in both TB and EPTB cases from 96 and 50 cases in 2013 to 246 and 150 cases in 2017 respectively. Among the total 470 EPTB cases in 2013-2017 (55.9%), lymph node followed by pleura and abdomen were the organs having maximum involvement. Bone involvement was more witnessed in adult male than children (p <0.05). There was male preponderance. CBNAAT results were 100 % sensitive and 87.5% specific. Lymph node samples and pus elsewhere in the body had much better diagnostic yield than serous effusions.Conclusions: Awareness and availability of diagnostic services in tertiary care institutions has lead to increased reporting of EPTB under RNTCP services. CBNAAT can be also be utilized as a point of care testing for lymph node aspirate and pus specimen

Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome Components Affect Serum-Induced Endothelial Migration and MicroRNAs in Postmenopausal African-American Women

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Discrete Multiscale Analysis: A Biatomic Lattice System

We discuss a discrete approach to the multiscale reductive perturbative method and apply it to a biatomic chain with a nonlinear interaction between the atoms. This system is important to describe the time evolution of localized solitonic excitations. We require that also the reduced equation be discrete. To do so coherently we need to discretize the time variable to be able to get asymptotic discrete waves and carry out a discrete multiscale expansion around them. Our resulting nonlinear equation will be a kind of discrete Nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. If we make its continuum limit, we obtain the standard Nonlinear Schr\"odinger differential equation

Subclinical atherosclerosis and silent myocardial ischaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a protocol of a clinico-observational study

Introduction: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a significant modifiable complication in patients with diabetes and subclinical atherosclerosis is considered a surrogate marker of future vascular events. The clustering of cardiometabolic-risk factors in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease is increasingly being recognised. Recent evidence indicates that 20–50% of asymptomatic patients with diabetes may have silent coronary heart disease. However, the identification of subclinical atherosclerosis and silent myocardial ischaemia in patients with diabetes has been less well-explored, especially in low-resource population settings where cost-effective non-invasive clinical tools are available. The objective of this study is to identify patients with physician-diagnosed diabetes who are at risk of developing future cardiovascular events measured as subclinical atherosclerosis and silent myocardial ischaemia in an urban population of Eastern India.Methods and analysis This is a cross-sectional clinico-observational study. A convenience sampling of approximately 350 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be identified at an urban diabetes center. This estimated sample size is based on an expected prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia of 25% (± 5%), we computed the required sample size using OpenEpi online software assuming an α level of 0.05 (95% CI) to be 289. On factoring 20% non-response the estimated sample size is 350. Previously validated questionnaire tools and well-defined clinical, anthropometric and biochemical measurements will be utilised for data collection. The two primary outcomes—subclinical atherosclerosis and silent myocardial ischaemia will be measured using carotid intima-media thickness and exercise tolerance testing, respectively. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression statistical techniques will be employed to identify ‘at risk’ patients with diabetes, and adjusted for potential confounders. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval was granted by the institutional review board of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, India. Data will be presented at academic fora and published in peer-reviewed journals