Monitoring Changes of Cardio-Respiratory Parameters During 2000m Rowing Performance

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 483-490, 2019. The purpose of this study was to characterize the kinetics of cardio-respiratory parameters of elite male rowers during 2000m rowing time trial. 16 lightweight category (LWC) and 11 open category (OC) elite male rowers attending National camp were included in the study. Pulmonary gas exchange and heart rate (HR) during 2000m rowing ergometer test was determined through breath-by-breath analysis, with a portable metabolic gas analyzer and HR monitor. Time to completion, HR, oxygen uptake (V̇O2), minute ventilation (V̇E) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were recorded at 500m, 1000m, 1500m and 2000m intervals. No significant (p\u3e0.05) difference was observed in the HR kinetics during 2000m rowing between the groups. However, split HR during the entire course was on the higher side in OC than LWC. Relative V̇O2 at 1000m (p\u3c0.01), 1500m (p\u3c0.05) and 2000m (p\u3c0.01) was significantly less in OC rowers compared to LWC. However, V̇E was significantly higher for the OC group at 1500m (p\u3c0.05) and 2000m (p\u3c0.01) whereas RER was only significantly higher at 2000m (p\u3c0.05). %change in absolute and relative V̇O2, V̇E and RER at each 500m interval showed no significant difference among the groups. OC rowers had taken significantly less time (p\u3c0.05) to complete first 500m, 500m to 1000m and last 500m distance than LWC rowers. This detailed insight of rower’s physiological responses can help coaches and support staff to determine the physiological working capacity of rowers at different levels, predicting performance and provided normative ranges for developing a representative physiological profile of elite Indian rowers

Synthesis of novel antimicrobial aryl himachalene derivatives from naturally occurring himachalenes

Five new 2,9,9-trimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-benzocyclohepten-5-ylidene-amine derivatives (16a-16e) were synthesized from α-dehydro-ar-himachalene (11) that was originally prepared from an isomeric mixture of α, β and γ himachalenes (10), the abundant sesquiterpenes of Cedrus deodara essential oil. In addition, different aryl himachalenes derivatives (9, 12, 14 and 15) were also formed from 11. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of their NMR, IR and mass spectral data. The prepared compounds were tested against a group of sixteen organisms including gram positive and gram negative bacterial and fungal strains. The introduction of a series of substituted imine groups into aryl himachalenes at 5th position (16a-16e) enhanced antimicrobial activity as compared to the aromatized derivatives (9, 12, 14 and 15) against gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus, and mycotoxigenic fungi Aspergillus parasiticus, A. ochraceous and A. sydowii

Allergenicity Assessment of Allium sativum Leaf Agglutinin, a Potential Candidate Protein for Developing Sap Sucking Insect Resistant Food Crops

Background: Mannose-binding Allium sativum leaf agglutinin (ASAL) is highly antinutritional and toxic to various phloem-feeding hemipteran insects. ASAL has been expressed in a number of agriculturally important crops to develop resistance against those insects. Awareness of the safety aspect of ASAL is absolutely essential for developing ASAL transgenic plants. Methodology/Principal Findings: Following the guidelines framed by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization, the source of the gene, its sequence homology with potent allergens, clinical tests on mammalian systems, and the pepsin resistance and thermostability of the protein were considered to address the issue. No significant homology to the ASAL sequence was detected when compared to known allergenic proteins. The ELISA of blood sera collected from known allergy patients also failed to show significant evidence of cross-reactivity. In vitro and in vivo assays both indicated the digestibility of ASAL in the presence of pepsin in a minimum time period. Conclusions/Significance: With these experiments, we concluded that ASAL does not possess any apparent features of an allergen. This is the first report regarding the monitoring of the allergenicity of any mannose-binding monocot lectin having insecticidal efficacy against hemipteran insects

HYPERVALENT IODINE(III) PROMOTED RING-REARRANGEMENT AND ARYLATION STRATEGIES

The chemistry of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents have widely been explored in many organic transformations for the construction of C-C as well as C-N bonds especially for their environmentally benign behavior, low toxicity and milder reaction conditions. The synthetic usefulness of such reagents has been experienced in many ring transformations as well as arylation reactions due to their excellent yield of the products and selectivities.This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (# 20-73-10205) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant # 19-53-55002)

NANO-COMPOSITE MATERIALS AS EFFICIENT CATALYST FOR CO/CO2 FIXATION REACTIONS USING OXALIC ACID AS C1 SUCRE

Transition metal catalyzed carbonylation reactions have become most sought-after technology for the utilization of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. These gases are important C1 building block for the development of industrial core technology through the conversion of bulk and fine chemicals into useful compounds.[1] However, the direct use of these gases has been restricted because of their inherent toxicity, need of sophisticated reactors and careful handling of such instruments as the ppm level of gas leakage may cause serious problems. The introduction of solid COsurrogates therefore highly desirable for the carbonylative transformation which must be safe to handle, stable at ambient temperature and cost effective.This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant # 19-53-55002)

Chemical modification of L-glutamine to alpha-amino glutarimide on autoclaving facilitates Agrobacterium infection of host and non-host plants: A new use of a known compound

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Accidental autoclaving of L-glutamine was found to facilitate the <it>Agrobacterium </it>infection of a non host plant like tea in an earlier study. In the present communication, we elucidate the structural changes in L-glutamine due to autoclaving and also confirm the role of heat transformed L-glutamine in <it>Agrobacterium </it>mediated genetic transformation of host/non host plants.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>When autoclaved at 121°C and 15 psi for 20 or 40 min, L-glutamine was structurally modified into 5-oxo proline and 3-amino glutarimide (α-amino glutarimide), respectively. Of the two autoclaved products, only α-amino glutarimide facilitated <it>Agrobacterium </it>infection of a number of resistant to susceptible plants. However, the compound did not have any <it>vir </it>gene inducing property.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We report a one pot autoclave process for the synthesis of 5-oxo proline and α-amino glutarimide from L-glutamine. Xenobiotic detoxifying property of α-amino glutarimide is also proposed.</p

Dynamics of flow-induced instability in gyrogravitating complex viscoelastic quantum fluids

The flow-induced excitation dynamics of electrostatic dust-streaming instability mode supported in illimitable complex gyrogravitating viscoelastic quantum plasma fluids in a spatially flat-geometry configuration is analyzed in the non-relativistic regime. The constitutive lighter electrons (larger de-Broglie wavelength) are only treated as quantum degenerate particles leaving the rest as classical. The semi-analytic formalism is based on the fabric of generalized quantum hydrodynamic model ameliorated with a dimensionality-dependent gradient correction prefactor in the electronic quantum Bohm potential. The nonlinear logatropic barotropic effects arising from fluid turbulence is included. It assumes that perturbations in the longitudinal direction do not excite any transverse mode counterparts. A standard normal mode analysis yields a linear generalized (quartic) dispersion relation. A numerical illustrative perspective is executed in the extreme hydro-kinetic regimes. Active agencies affecting the fluid stability are identified and discussed. It is seen that the quantum parameter plays a destabilizing role in both the hydro-kinetic regimes. The equilibrium dust drift acts as a stabilizing agent in both the regimes. The quantum correction prefactor introduces stabilizing and destabilizing effects in the hydro-kinetic regimes; respectively. In addition, the Coriolis rotation introduces stabilizing effect in both the regimes. Finally, implications and applications of our results in the context of gyrogravitational compact dwarf stars and their environs in are summarily outlined

Solid-supported Pd(0): an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols into aldehydes and ketones

a b s t r a c t Solid-supported nano- and microparticles of Pd(0) (SS-Pd) were used as heterogeneous catalysts for aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols. Primary and secondary benzyl alcohols gave the corresponding products in good yields. In addition, the catalysts could be reused up to five runs without significant loss of activities

Instability behaviour of cosmic gravito-coupled correlative complex bi-fluidic admixture

The gravitational instability of an unbounded infinitely extended composite gravitating cloud system composed of gravito-coupled neutral gaseous fluid (NGF) and dark matter fluid (DMF) is theoretically investigated in a classical framework. It is based on a spatially-flat geometry approximation (1D, sheet-like, boundless) at the backdrop that the radius of curvature of the gravito-confined bi-fluidic-boundary is much larger than all the hydro-characteristic scale lengths of interest. The relevant collective correlative dynamics, via the lowest-order mnemonic viscoelasticity, is mooted. We apply a standard formalism of normal mode analysis to yield a unique brand of generalized quadratic dispersion relation having variable multi-parametric coefficients dependent on the diversified equilibrium properties. It is parametrically seen that the DMF flow speed and the DMF viscoelasticity introduce stabilizing effects against the composite cloud collapse. The instability physiognomies, as specialized extreme corollaries, are in good accord with the previously reported predictions. The analysis may be widely useful to see the gravito-thermally coupled wave dynamics leading to the formation of large-scale hierarchical non-homologous structures in dark-matter–dominated dwarf galaxies