76 research outputs found
Pharmacodynamic Activity of Ceftobiprole Compared with Vancomycin versus Methicillin-Resistant \u3cem\u3eStaphylococcus aureus\u3c/em\u3e (MRSA), Vancomycin-Intermediate \u3cem\u3eStaphylococcus aureus\u3c/em\u3e (VISA) and Vancomycin-Resistant \u3cem\u3eStaphylococcus aureus\u3c/em\u3e (VRSA) Using an In Vitro Model
Background This study compared the pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) using an in vitro model.
Methods Two methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), two community-associated (CA)-MRSA, one healthcare-associated (HA)-MRSA, three VISA and two VRSA were studied. The pharmacodynamic model was inoculated with a concentration of 1 × 106 cfu/mL and ceftobiprole dosed every 8 h (at 0, 8 and 16 h) to simulate the fCmax and t1/2 obtained after 500 mg intravenous (iv) every 8 h dosing (fCmax, 30 mg/L; t1/2, 3.5 h). Vancomycin was dosed every 12 h (at 0 and 12 h) to simulate fCmax and t1/2 obtained after 1 g iv every 12 h dosing (fCmax, 20 mg/L; t1/2, 8 h). Samples were collected over 24 h to assess viable growth.
Results Ceftobiprole T \u3e MIC of ≥100% (ceftobiprole MICs, ≤2 mg/L) was bactericidal (≥3 log10 killing) against MSSA, CA-MRSA, HA-MRSA, VISA and VRSA at 16 and 24 h. Vancomycin fAUC24/MIC of 340 (vancomycin MIC, 1 mg/L for MSSA and MRSA) resulted in a 1.8–2.6 log10 reduction in colony count at 24 h. Vancomycin fAUC24/MIC of 85–170 (vancomycin MIC, 2–4 mg/L for VISA) resulted in a 0.4–0.7 log10 reduction at 24 h. Vancomycin fAUC24/MIC of 5.3 (vancomycin MIC, 64 mg/L for VRSA) resulted in a limited effect.
Conclusions Ceftobiprole T \u3e MIC of ≥100% (ceftobiprole MICs, ≤2 mg/L) was bactericidal (≥3 log10 killing) against MSSA, CA-MRSA, HA-MRSA, VISA and VRSA at 16 and 24 h. Vancomycin was bacteriostatic against MSSA, MRSA and VISA, while demonstrating no activity against VRSA
Institutional Experience with Voriconazole Compared with Liposomal Amphotericin B as Empiric Therapy for Febrile Neutropenia
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90034/1/phco.27.7.970.pd
Analysis of multidrug resistance in the predominant Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Canada:the SAVE study, 2011-15
Objectives: This study assessed MDR invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, in relation to serotype evolution in Canada between 2011 and 2015 as part of the annual SAVE study. Methods: As part of a collaboration between the Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance and Public Health Agency of Canada-National Microbiology Laboratory, 6207 invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae were evaluated. All isolates were serotyped and had antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed, in accordance with CLSI guidelines (M07-A10, 2015). Complete susceptibility profiles were available for 6001 isolates. MDR was defined as resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents (with penicillin MIC ≥2 mg/L defined as resistant). Results: The overall rate of MDR S. pneumoniae was 6.2% (372/6001) in SAVE, decreasing significantly from 8.5% in 2011 to 5.6% in 2015 (P = 0.0041). MDR was observed in 32 serotypes, with serotypes 15A and 19A predominating (26.6% and 41.7% of the MDR isolates, respectively). The overall proportion of serotypes 19A, 7F and 33A decreased significantly (P 5%) for 24F and 33F. Conclusions: In 2015, 56.3% of invasive MDR S. pneumoniae were serotypes included in the PCV-13 vaccine. PCV-13 includes the most commonly identified serotype, 19A; however, other increasingly important MDR serotypes, such as 15A, 24F and 33F, are notably not in the currently used vaccines
Global in vitro activity of tigecycline and comparator agents: Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial 2004–2013
Molecular Epidemiology of Penicillin-Resistant and Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada
Eighty-nine penicillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were evaluated by serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Although penicillin-resistant isolates demonstrated considerable homogeneity, resistance to ciprofloxacin did not correlate with a reduction in genotypic variability. These results suggest that, unlike that of penicillin resistance, the spread of S. pneumoniae ciprofloxacin resistance in Canada is currently not attributable to clonal dissemination
Global in vitro activity of tigecycline and comparator agents: Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial 2004-2013
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