A multi-proxy approach for revealing recent climatic changes in the Russian Altai

For the first time we present a multi-proxy data set for the Russian Altai, consisting of Siberian larch tree-ring width (TRW), latewood density (MXD), δ13C and δ18O in cellulose chronologies obtained for the period 1779-2007 and cell wall thickness (CWT) for 1900-2008. All of these parameters agree well between each other in the high-frequency variability, while the low-frequency climate information shows systematic differences. The correlation analysis with temperature and precipitation data from the closest weather station and gridded data revealed that annual TRW, MXD, CWT, and δ13C data contain a strong summer temperature signal, while δ18O in cellulose represents a mixed summer and winter temperature and precipitation signal. The temperature and precipitation reconstructions from the Belukha ice core and Teletskoe lake sediments were used to investigate the correspondence of different independent proxies. Low frequency patterns in TRW and δ13C chronologies are consistent with temperature reconstructions from nearby Belukha ice core and Teletskoe lake sediments showing a pronounced warming trend in the last century. Their combination could be used for the regional temperature reconstruction. The long-term δ18O trend agrees with the precipitation reconstruction from the Teletskoe lake sediment indicating more humid conditions during the twentieth century. Therefore, these two proxies could be combined for the precipitation reconstructio

Quantitative reconstructions of mid- to late holocene climate and vegetation in the north-eastern altai mountains recorded in lake teletskoye

© 2016 Elsevier B.V.We report the first high-resolution (20-50 years) mid- to late Holocene pollen records from Lake Teletskoye, the largest lake in the Altai Mountains, in south-eastern West Siberia. Generally, the mid- to late Holocene (the last 4250 years) vegetation of the north-eastern Altai, as recorded in two studied sediment cores, is characterised by Siberian pine-spruce-fir forests that are similar to those of the present day. A relatively cool and dry interval with July temperatures lower than those of today occurred between 3.9 and 3.6 ka BP. The widespread distribution of open, steppe-like communities with Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Cyperaceae reflects maximum deforestation during this interval. After ca. 3.5 ka BP, the coniferous mountain taiga spread significantly, with maximum woody coverage and taiga biome scores between ca. 2.7 and 1.6 ka BP. This coincides well with the highest July temperature (approximately 1 °C higher than today) intervals. A short period of cooling about 1.3-1.4 ka BP could have been triggered by the increased volcanic activity recorded across the Northern Hemisphere. A new period of cooling started around 1100-1150 CE, with the minimum July temperatures occurring between 1450 and 1800 CE

Development of a functional product for the prevention of iodine deficiency

Iodine belongs to the most important elements that are responsible for the full working condition of the body. Iodine deficiency is a very acute problem, its elimination is an important task of the world communities, reflected in the Doctrine of Food security of the Russian Federation, regional target programs of Russia. In the modern world, the proposed measure for the prevention of iodine deficiency is the consumption of iodized salt and some foods containing an inorganic form of iodine, or the use of a variety of biologically active additives. However, according to the observed statistics of diseases that are associated with a lack of iodine, the presented measures are not very effective. The article presents studies of the process of bioconversion of inorganic iodine into organic – bioavailable, capable of reaching the target organ, for example, during the germination of lentil grains in the appropriate nutrient medium. The possibility of obtaining an organic form of iodine from sprouted lentils in an iodized medium with subsequent production of food products, such as vegetable milk, is proved. The organoleptic, physico-chemical parameters of the milk obtained, as well as vitamin and amino acid compositions that increase the nutritional and biological value of the product were studied, the safety indicators were analyzed and meet the requirements for use in food systems. In the course of the work carried out, we obtained a product with a balanced composition of nutrients for the human body. These developments open up prospects for the creation of functional products for functional purposes with a bioavailable form of iodine

800-yr-long records of annual air temperature and precipitation over southern Siberia inferred from Teletskoye Lake sediments

A unique 800-yr-long record of annual temperatures and precipitation over the south of western Siberia has been reconstructed from the bottomsediments of Teletskoye Lake, Altai Mountains using an X-ray fluorescence scanner (XRF) providing 0.1-mm resolution timeseries of elementalcomposition and X-ray density (XRD). Br content appears to be broadly correlative with mean annual temperature variations because of changesin catchment vegetation productivity. Sr/Rb ratio reflects the proportion of the unweathered terrestrial fraction. XRD appears to reflect water yieldregime and sediment flux. Sedimentation is rather continuous because annual clastic supply and deposited mass are the same. The artificial neuralnetworks method was applied to convert annual sedimentary time-series of XRD, Br content, and Sr/Rb ratio to annual records of temperature andprecipitation using a transfer function. Comparison of these reconstructed Siberian records with the annual record of air temperature for theNorthern Hemisphere shows similar trends in climatic variability over the past 800 yr. Estimated harmonic oscillations of temperature andprecipitation values for both historical and reconstructed periods reveal subdecadal cyclicity