Incas and Arawaks: A Special Relationship along the Andes-Amazonian Frontier

In this article the author argues that the Incas and the Arawaks had a relationship that was more complementary than antagonistic

Contribution of traditional healers to a rural tuberculosis control programme in Hlabisa, South Africa

SETTING: The rural health district of Hlabisa, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. OBJECTIVES: To assess the acceptability and effectiveness of traditional healers as supervisors of tuberculosis (TB) treatment in an existing directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) programme. DESIGN: An observational study comparing treatment outcomes among new TB patients in the three intervention sub-districts offered the additional option of traditional healers for directly observed treatment (DOT) supervision with those in the remainder of the district offered the standard range of options for DOT supervision (health facility, community health worker and lay persons). A comparison was also made of treatment outcomes between different options for DOT supervision. RESULTS: A total of 3461 TB patients were registered in Hlabisa District from April 1999 to December 2000, of whom 2823 were discharged from hospital to the ambulatory DOT programme. Treatment outcomes were known for 1816 patients in Hlabisa District (275 patients in the intervention area and 1541 patients in the control area). There was no significant difference (P < 0.5) in treatment outcome in the intervention and control areas (77% vs. 75%). Among 275 patients with known outcomes in the intervention area, 48 patients were supervised by traditional healers and 227 patients supervised by people other than traditional healers. Treatment completion was not significantly higher among patients supervised by traditional healers than among patients supervised by other categories of DOT supervisor (88% vs. 75%, P = 0.3841). Interviews with 41 of 51 traditional healer patients who had completed treatment revealed high levels of satisfaction with the care received. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional healers make an effective contribution to TB programme performance in this pilot scheme in Hlabisa district. Further evaluation will be necessary as this approach is scaled up.M. Colvin, L. Gumede, K. Grimwade, D. Maher, D. Wilkinso

NewAppendix_8_H3_FINAL2

Maximum Likelihood tree based on H3 dat

Appendix 3_morphomatrix

Morphomatrix used in combined Bayesian analysi