Evaluation of MEMS-based In-place Inclinometers in Cold Regions

INE/AUTC 12.3

Simulation of intermittent beam ion loss in a Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor experiment

Recurrent bursts of toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAE) are studied using a self-consistent simulation model. Bursts of beam ion losses observed in the neutral beam injection experiment at the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor [K. L. Wong et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 1874 (1991)] are reproduced using experimental parameters. It is found that synchronized TAE bursts take place at regular time intervals of 2.9 ms, which is close to the experimental value of 2.2 ms. The stored beam energy saturates at about 40% of that of the classical slowing down distribution. The stored beam energy drop associated with each burst has a modulation depth of 10%, which is also close to the inferred experimental value of 7%. Surface of section plots demonstrate that both the resonance overlap of different eigenmodes and the disappearance of KAM surfaces in phase space due to overlap of higher-order islands created by a single eigenmode lead to particle loss. Only co-injected beam ions build up to a significant stored energy even though their distribution is flattened in the plasma center. However, they are not directly lost, as their orbits extend beyond the outer plasma edge when the core plasma leans on a high field side limiter. The saturation amplitude is deltaB/B~2×10^?2, which is larger than would appear to be compatible with experiment. Physical arguments are presented for why the stored energetic particle response observed in the simulation is still plausible

Design and initial operation of lost fast-ion probe based on thin Faraday films in CHS

The purpose of this work is to measure lost fast ions as an ion current so as to make quantitative argument on flux of fast-ion loss possible. We have designed and constructed a lost fast-ion probe based on combination of thin Faraday films and small rectangular apertures, called FLIP, for the Compact Helical System. The current generated by escaping fast ions has been successfully measured with the FLIP in neutral-beam-heated plasmas. The FLIP detected increased flux of escaping fast ions while fast-ion-driven magnetohydrodynamics instabilities appear

C720

F. Robert Henderson et al., Increasing Eastern Bluebirds in Kansas, Kansas State University, November 1990

Evidencia de la respuesta a un enterramiento a corto plazo de la fauna macrobentónica asociada a la fanerógama marina del Mediterráneo Cymodocea nodosa

Sedimentation and burial affect a variety of habitats worldwide, especially within coastal marine systems. In the Mediterranean, seagrasses like Cymodocea nodosa are commonly subjected to sedimentation and, although the response of C. nodosa has been documented, few studies have included macrofaunal responses. We used a manipulative field experiment to examine the effects of a single small-scale, pulse burial event on benthic invertebrate macrofauna. Burial did not affect the total abundance, richness, or diversity of higher taxa nor the live abundance or diversity after 5 days. However, live higher taxa richness decreased by day 3. After 5 days, such decrease reversed and partial recovery seemed to occur. Almost 2 months later, three of the buried plots remained with some additional sedimentation, but the other three had lost their sediment. We compared faunal metrics of buried plots between days 5 and 54 and found greater diversity on day 54, providing evidence that macrofaunal recovery apparent 5 days after burial seemed to persist. Although we likely underestimated the effects and can only be conservative with our conclusions, taken together our results suggest small-scale, pulse burial events can have some negative effects on the C. nodosa-associated benthic macrofaunal community, but the community can recover within a few weeks.La sedimentación y el enterramiento afectan a una gran variedad de hábitats en todo el mundo, especialmente en los sistemas costeros marinos. En el Mediterráneo, las fanerógamas marinas como Cymodocea nodosa suelen estar expuestas a la sedimentación y, a pesar de que la respuesta de C. nodosa ha sido documentada previamente, muy pocos estudios hacen referencia a cómo responde la macrofauna. Se ha usado un experimento manipulativo en el campo para examinar los efectos de un enterramiento súbito y puntual a pequeña escala sobre la fauna de invertebrados macrobentónicos. El enterramiento no afectó a la abundancia total, riqueza o diversidad de especies, ni tampoco a la abundancia o diversidad de individuos vivos 5 días después del enterramiento. Sin embargo, la riqueza de taxones vivos disminuyó a partir del día 3. Pasados 5 días, esa disminución revirtió y parece tener lugar una recuperación parcial. Casi 2 meses después, tres de las parcelas enterradas todavía presentaron algún tipo de sedimentación adicional, pero las otras tres habían perdido el sedimento. Se compararon las métricas de la fauna encontrada en los días 5 y 54 en las parcelas enterradas, y se encontró una alta diversidad para el día 54, evidenciando que la aparente recuperación que tuvo lugar 5 días después del enterramiento parece persistir. A pesar de que probablemente hemos subestimado los efectos y debemos ser conservadores con nuestras conclusiones, al examinar los resultados conjuntamente, sugieren que estos eventos repentinos y puntuales de enterramiento a pequeña escala pueden tener efectos negativos sobre la comunidad de fauna macrobentónica asociada a C. nodosa, la cual se recuperaría en unas pocas semanas

Fusion product losses due to fishbone instabilities in deuterium JET plasmas

During development of a high-performance hybrid scenario for future deuterium–tritium experiments on the Joint European Torus, an increased level of fast ion losses in the MeV energy range was observed during the instability of high-frequency n  =  1 fishbones. The fishbones are excited during deuterium neutral beam injection combined with ion cyclotron heating. The frequency range of the fishbones, 10–25 kHz, indicates that they are driven by a resonant interaction with the NBI-produced deuterium beam ions in the energy range  ≤120 keV. The fast particle losses in a much higher energy range are measured with a fast ion loss detector, and the data show an expulsion of deuterium plasma fusion products, 1 MeV tritons and 3 MeV protons, during the fishbone bursts. An MHD mode analysis with the MISHKA code combined with the nonlinear wave-particle interaction code HAGIS shows that the loss of toroidal symmetry caused by the n  =  1 fishbones affects strongly the confinement of non-resonant high energy fusion-born tritons and protons by perturbing their orbits and expelling them. This modelling is in a good agreement with the experimental data.This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053 and from the RCUK Energy Programme [grant No EP/P012450/1]. To obtain further information on the data and models underlying this paper please contact [email protected] . The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European CommissionPeer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft