9 research outputs found
CRUDE UNIT FEED PREHEAT MAXIMIZATION IN PRACTICE
Sažetak
Proces atmosferske destilacije je eksperimentalno istražen. Na osnovi analize i sinteze voÄenja procesa postavljen je viÅ”eveliÄinski dinamiÄki matematiÄki model procesa atmosferske destilacije. OdgovarajuÄi model primijenjen je u svrhu optimalnog voÄenja primjenom viÅ”eveliÄinske jedinice za voÄenje. Rezultati pokazuju da se primjenom viÅ”eveliÄinske jedinice za voÄenje postiže veÄa stabilnost procesa te voÄenje procesa primjenom kriterija optimalnosti temeljenog na maksimizaciji temperature predgrijavanja.Abstract
A specific dynamic mathematical model of crude unit is developed on the basis of plant dynamic test experimentation and mathematical model identification. The valid mathematical model has been applied in multivariable controller design. The practical cases of control strategies have been studied and used in practice to provide superior dynamic control performance, reduce variability in controlled variables that enables model predictive on line closed loop feed preheat maximization
SOFTWARE SENSORS IN IMPROVING PRODUCT QUALITY AND HDS PROCESS CONTROL
Sažetak
Sve stroži zahtjevi kvalitete proizvoda zahtijevaju konstantnu potrebu održavanja i unapreÄenja kvalitete proizvoda. U tu je svrhu nužno opremiti postrojenja procesnim analizatorima. Posljednjih se godina u industrijskim postrojenjima sve viÅ”e primjenjuju softverski analizatori, zbog svoje cijene i pristupaÄnosti i zbog brze i pouzdane primjene. Njihov rad temelji se na primjeni matematiÄkog modela u kontinuiranoj procjeni fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava ili kemijskog sastava. Primjenjuju se kao zamjena i nadopuna hardverskim procesnim analizatorima i laboratorijskim analizama, u samostalnoj primjeni za odreÄivanje fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava ili kemijskog sastava, u unapreÄenju motrenja i voÄenja procesa, te pri primjeni naprednog voÄenja.
Ovim radom istražena je moguÄnost primjene softverskog analizatora za odreÄivanje sumpora u proizvodu procesa hidrodesulfurizacije, lakom plinskom ulju, a postignuti rezultati istraživanja primijenjeni su i u praksi.Abstract
Today, we are witnessing the necessity to produce high quality fuels in our refineries. To meet the market needs, refining processes must be equipped with a satisfactory number of process analyzers, which is not always easy, because of their price. In the past ten years, there has been a significant number of software sensors present in the process industry. Their application is based on process model built from process data in order to continuously, on-line, predict physical and chemical properties or product content and improve process monitoring and control.
In this paper, practical application of software sensor based on neural networks was explored on the actual case of sulfur content in the hydrodesulphurization unit product, LGO. The research results shall be applied in practice
OPTIMIZATION OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM HEAVY OIL RESIDUES
ProvoÄenje strogih zahtjeva kvalitete motornih goriva omoguÄeno je primjenom razliÄitih procesa hidroobrade. U tu svrhu moderne rafinerije moraju raspolagati dovoljnim koliÄinama vodika. Zbog toga se modernizacijom rafinerija kao i pri gradnji novih, posebna pažnja posveÄuje optimiranju proizvodnje vodika.
Rafinerije su takoÄer ograniÄene u proizvodnji loživih ulja, te zbog ekonomiÄnosti prerade osim visoke proizvodnje vodika moraju proizvesti manje od 10 % loživih ulja.
Procesom IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) omoguÄeno je postizanje obaju ciljeva: iz teÅ”kih ostataka se uplinjavanjem proizvodi sintezni plin za proizvodnju vodika, elektriÄne energije ili petrokemikalija.
Radom je prikazano optimiranje proizvodnje vodika i elektriÄne energije preradom vakuumskog ostatka iz nafte REB.Hydrotreatment processes are the most important processes in a modern refinery. Hydrogen availability that enables flexibility in refinery production is a must for a modern refinery. Therefore, optimization in hydrogen production is in focus of both refinery modernization and through the design of new refineries.
On the other hand, to maintain the production of motor fuels being economical, production of fuel oils should be under the limit of 10%.
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle process (IGCC) is a promising answer to these refinery needs: it is proven technology for the combined production of hydrogen, electric power or petrochemical components from heavy residues.
The goal of this paper is optimization of hydrogen and electric power production from vacuum residue produced from REB crude oil
MODELLING OF THE ISOMERIZATION PROCESS FOR THE PURPOSE OF ADVANCING MOTOR GASOLINE QUALITY
Sažetak
U radu je postavljen matematiÄki model odabranog modela izomerizacije. Pri postavljanju modela proces je istražen sa stajaliÅ”ta reakcijskog mehanizma, kinetike reakcija izomerizacije, te parametara kemijske ravnoteže. Simulacijski model reaktora izveden je prema postavljenim materijalnim bilancama, a modelom su opisani i procesi izmjene topline, te procesi izmjene tvari postupcima separacije.
Postavljeni simulacijski model omoguÄio je istraživanje i prouÄavanje optimalnih radnih uvjeta procesa simuliranjem, te je predloženo unapreÄenje procesa sa stajaliÅ”ta poveÄanja prinosa visokooktanskog produkta procesa izomerizacije, kao i poveÄanja oktanskog broja proizvoda.
Rezultati dobiveni simuliranjem procesa unaprijeÄenog dodatkom kolone za deizopentanizaciju pokazali su poveÄanje iscrpka izomerizata za Äak 42% u usporedbi s procesom bez unapreÄenja, dok je izvedba procesa s molekulskim sitima rezultirala znaÄajnim poveÄanjem istraživaÄkog oktanskog broja proizvoda od 9 jedinica. Rezultati simuliranja procesa bez unapreÄenja i procesa s kolonom deizopentanizera pokazali su vrlo dobro slaganje s eksperimentalnim podacima industrijskog procesa.Abstract
The paper defines a mathematical model of the chosen isomerization model. While setting the model, the process was explored from the viewpoint of reaction mechanism, isomerization reactions kinetics, and chemical balance parameters. The reactor simulation model has been elaborated according to the set material balances, while the model describes also the heat exchange processes, as well as those of substance exchange using separation procedures.
The set simulation model has enabled research and study of optimal operating process conditions using simulation, and process advancement has been suggested from the viewpoint of increasing the yield of the high octane isomerization process product, as well as the yield of the product octane number.
The results obtained through the simulation of the process advanced by the addition of the deisopentanizer column have shown an increased isomerate yield by as much as 42% compared with the process without advancement, while the process implementation with molecular sieves has resulted in a considerable increase of the product research octane number of 9 units. The results of process simulation without advancement and those of the process with deisopentanizer column have shown very good match with the experimental data of the industrial process
MODELLING OF THE ISOMERIZATION PROCESS FOR THE PURPOSE OF ADVANCING MOTOR GASOLINE QUALITY
Sažetak
U radu je postavljen matematiÄki model odabranog modela izomerizacije. Pri postavljanju modela proces je istražen sa stajaliÅ”ta reakcijskog mehanizma, kinetike reakcija izomerizacije, te parametara kemijske ravnoteže. Simulacijski model reaktora izveden je prema postavljenim materijalnim bilancama, a modelom su opisani i procesi izmjene topline, te procesi izmjene tvari postupcima separacije.
Postavljeni simulacijski model omoguÄio je istraživanje i prouÄavanje optimalnih radnih uvjeta procesa simuliranjem, te je predloženo unapreÄenje procesa sa stajaliÅ”ta poveÄanja prinosa visokooktanskog produkta procesa izomerizacije, kao i poveÄanja oktanskog broja proizvoda.
Rezultati dobiveni simuliranjem procesa unaprijeÄenog dodatkom kolone za deizopentanizaciju pokazali su poveÄanje iscrpka izomerizata za Äak 42% u usporedbi s procesom bez unapreÄenja, dok je izvedba procesa s molekulskim sitima rezultirala znaÄajnim poveÄanjem istraživaÄkog oktanskog broja proizvoda od 9 jedinica. Rezultati simuliranja procesa bez unapreÄenja i procesa s kolonom deizopentanizera pokazali su vrlo dobro slaganje s eksperimentalnim podacima industrijskog procesa.Abstract
The paper defines a mathematical model of the chosen isomerization model. While setting the model, the process was explored from the viewpoint of reaction mechanism, isomerization reactions kinetics, and chemical balance parameters. The reactor simulation model has been elaborated according to the set material balances, while the model describes also the heat exchange processes, as well as those of substance exchange using separation procedures.
The set simulation model has enabled research and study of optimal operating process conditions using simulation, and process advancement has been suggested from the viewpoint of increasing the yield of the high octane isomerization process product, as well as the yield of the product octane number.
The results obtained through the simulation of the process advanced by the addition of the deisopentanizer column have shown an increased isomerate yield by as much as 42% compared with the process without advancement, while the process implementation with molecular sieves has resulted in a considerable increase of the product research octane number of 9 units. The results of process simulation without advancement and those of the process with deisopentanizer column have shown very good match with the experimental data of the industrial process
THE POSSIBILITIES OF ADVANCING ISOMERIZATION PROCESS THROUGH CONTINUOUS OPTIMIZATION
Sažetak
Proces izomerizacije jedan je od kljuÄnih procesa prerade nafte u proizvodnji motornih benzina zadane kvalitete, pa je cilj svake rafinerije njegova maksimalna iskoristivost. U tu se svrhu provode unapreÄenja procesa uvoÄenjem novih jedinica kao Å”to su pretfrakcionacija sirovine izdvanjem izopentana u koloni deizopentanizera, te separacija produkata izomerizacije primjenom molekulskih sita ili kolone za frakcionaciju. Daljnja unapreÄenja procesa temelje se na kontinuiranom optimiranju u stvarnom vremenu, koje omoguÄava svladavanje i minimizaciju utjecaja uskih grla procesa, te maksimizaciju iskoristivosti kapaciteta.
Postavljeni su matematiÄki modeli s ciljem iznalaženja optimalnih radnih uvjeta, a istražene su moguÄnosti primjene kontinuiranog optimiranja u stvarnom vremenu, s naglaskom na primjenu u rafinerijskoj proizvodnji.Abstract
The process of isomerization is one among the key processes of oil generation in the production of motor gasoline of a given quality, and so, it is the purpose of every refinery for the process to be used to the fullest. To this end, there have been process advancements through the introduction of new units, such as feed prefractionation in deisopentanizer column, and separation of isomerization products through the application of molecular sieves or fractionation column. Further process advancements are based on a continuos optimization in real time, enabling the mastering and minimization of the impact of process bottlenecks, as well as maximum capacity use.
Mathematical models have been set up consisting of both dependent and independent values, for the purpose of exploring optimal working conditions, while the paper explores the possibilities of a continuous optimization in real time, the stress being on field application
IMPROVING GASOLINE QUALITY BY REDUCING THE FCC GASOLINE SULPHUR CONTENT
Sažetak
Benzin dobiven procesom fluid katalitiÄkog krekinga jedan je od najveÄih izvora sumpora u proizvodnji motornih benzina Rafinerije nafte Rijeka. TrenutaÄno primjenjivi standardi dopuÅ”taju maksimalni sadržaj sumpora od 150 ppm, dok Äe u 2005. godini biti primjenjiv standard s dopuÅ”tenih maksimalnih 50 ppm sumpora u motornim benzinima. BuduÄi da se izgradnja postrojenja koje rjeÅ”ava problem sumpora u rafineriji ne oÄekuje prije 2006. grupa struÄnjaka Rafinerije nafte Rijeka predložila je prijelazno rjeÅ”enje koriÅ”tenjem postojeÄih postrojenja rafinerije u svrhu frakcionacije i uklanjanja sumpora u FCC benzinu.
U tu svrhu postavljeni su matematiÄki modeli sekcije postrojenja atmosferske destilacije, te postrojenja Unifining i HDS. Istraživani su i prouÄeni optimalni radni uvjeti procesa simuliranjem, te je predloženo optimalno rjeÅ”enje s obzirom na raspoloživu procesnu opremu, zahtijevane kapacitete, zahtijevano smanjenje koliÄine sumpora uz kriterij minimalnog gubitka oktanskog broja benzina kao i raspoložive koliÄine energenata.Abstract
Gasoline obtained through the process of fluid catalytic cracking is one among the largest sources of sulphur in gasoline production of the Rijeka OIl Refinery. Currently applicable standards allow for maximum sulphur content of 150 ppm, whereas the standard applicable as of 2005 will allow for the maximum of 50 ppm of gasoline sulphur content. Since the construction of units resolving the problem of sulphur is at the refinery not expected before 2006, a group of the refineryās experts has suggested a transitory solution through the use of the existing units for fractionation and desulphurization of FCC gasoline.
To this end, mathematical simulation models of the atmospheric distillation, unifining and HDS units have been set up. Researched and studied through simulation were the optimal operating conditions of the process, after which an optimal solution was suggested given the available process equipment, required capacities and required sulphur content reduction, as well as given the criteron of minimal loss of the gasoline octane number and the available volume of energents
IMPROVING GASOLINE QUALITY BY REDUCING THE FCC GASOLINE SULPHUR CONTENT
Sažetak
Benzin dobiven procesom fluid katalitiÄkog krekinga jedan je od najveÄih izvora sumpora u proizvodnji motornih benzina Rafinerije nafte Rijeka. TrenutaÄno primjenjivi standardi dopuÅ”taju maksimalni sadržaj sumpora od 150 ppm, dok Äe u 2005. godini biti primjenjiv standard s dopuÅ”tenih maksimalnih 50 ppm sumpora u motornim benzinima. BuduÄi da se izgradnja postrojenja koje rjeÅ”ava problem sumpora u rafineriji ne oÄekuje prije 2006. grupa struÄnjaka Rafinerije nafte Rijeka predložila je prijelazno rjeÅ”enje koriÅ”tenjem postojeÄih postrojenja rafinerije u svrhu frakcionacije i uklanjanja sumpora u FCC benzinu.
U tu svrhu postavljeni su matematiÄki modeli sekcije postrojenja atmosferske destilacije, te postrojenja Unifining i HDS. Istraživani su i prouÄeni optimalni radni uvjeti procesa simuliranjem, te je predloženo optimalno rjeÅ”enje s obzirom na raspoloživu procesnu opremu, zahtijevane kapacitete, zahtijevano smanjenje koliÄine sumpora uz kriterij minimalnog gubitka oktanskog broja benzina kao i raspoložive koliÄine energenata.Abstract
Gasoline obtained through the process of fluid catalytic cracking is one among the largest sources of sulphur in gasoline production of the Rijeka OIl Refinery. Currently applicable standards allow for maximum sulphur content of 150 ppm, whereas the standard applicable as of 2005 will allow for the maximum of 50 ppm of gasoline sulphur content. Since the construction of units resolving the problem of sulphur is at the refinery not expected before 2006, a group of the refineryās experts has suggested a transitory solution through the use of the existing units for fractionation and desulphurization of FCC gasoline.
To this end, mathematical simulation models of the atmospheric distillation, unifining and HDS units have been set up. Researched and studied through simulation were the optimal operating conditions of the process, after which an optimal solution was suggested given the available process equipment, required capacities and required sulphur content reduction, as well as given the criteron of minimal loss of the gasoline octane number and the available volume of energents