Expression of p21WAF1 in Astler–Coller stage B2 colorectal cancer is associated with survival benefit from 5FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy

In several, but not all, previous studies, positive p21WAF1 expression has been suggested as an indicator of a good prognosis in patients with stage III/IV colorectal cancer. However, it is not known whether the same is true for stage B2 patients. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of p21WAF1 expression in tumor cells on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of Astler–Coller stage B2 and C patients with colorectal cancer who underwent 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Nuclear p21WAF1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays from 275 colorectal cancers. The expression of p21WAF1 was associated with DFS (p = 0.025) and OS (p = 0.008) in the subgroup of stage B2 patients that was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, it remained the only independent prognostic parameter in relation to DFS and OS (p = 0.035 and p = 0.02, respectively). In the subgroup of 72 stage B2 patients with positive p21WAF1 expression but not in the subgroup of 61 stage B2 patients with negative p21WAF1 expression, adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with better DFS (85% 5-year survival versus 65% without chemotherapy, p = 0.03) and OS (96% versus 82%, p = 0.014). In the combined stage B2 and C group of patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, positive p21WAF1 expression was also associated with better DFS and OS (p = 0.03, p = 0.002, respectively). Expression of p21WAF1 in colorectal tumor cells identifies a subgroup of Astler–Coller stage B2 patients who could benefit significantly from 5FU-based chemotherapy and may improve the selection of patients for adjuvant chemotherapy

Basic methodological techniques in user interface design

S neustálým vývojem výpočetních technologií roste i význam jejich možností ve vztahu k uživatelům. Počet lidí přicházejících do kontaktu s počítačovými systémy se rapidně zvětšuje. Ti, společně se stávajícími uživateli, vyžadují, aby pro ně bylo jednoduché naučit se ovládat moderní techniku, aby práce s ní byla rychlá, příjemná a účinná, aby počítače byly výkonnými pomocníky. Splnit tyto požadavky znamená vytvářet pro uživatele přívětivá uživatelská rozhraní. A právě o to se snaží vědní obor HCI - interakce člověk-počítač. Tato bakalářská práce podává přehled požadavků na použitelnost uživatelských rozhraní počítačových systémů, souvisejících norem a jiných standardů a především pak přehled dnes používaných metodik pro tvorbu uživatelských rozhraní. Část textu je věnována také popisu postupů při zjišťování použitelnosti UI.Ústav informačních studií a knihovnictvíInstitute of Information Studies and LibrarianshipFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult

Effects of , , and interleukin gene variants on the eradication rate of infection by triple therapy with pantoprazole, amoxicillin, and metronidazole

International audienc

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. In Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Parasitic protozoans of the Cryptosporidium genus are intracellular intestinal parasites of mammals, causing cryptosporidiosis. Clinically, cryptosporidiosis manifests as chronic diarrhoea. Individuals with immune disorders, including those with neoplasms, are at risk of symptomatic invasion.The aim of the study was the evaluation of Cryptosporidium sp. prevalence in patients with diagnosed colorectal cancer.Material and methods. The studied group encompassed 87 patients with diagnosed colorectal cancer, undergoing surgery at the Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, in the years 2009-2010. Immunoenzymatic tests for Cryptosporidium sp. on faeces samples were performed with the use of commercial test kit, ProSpecT®Cryptosporidium Microplate Assay (Remel Inc).Results. The presence of Cryptosporidium sp. was found in 12.6% of studied patients with colorectal cancer. The performed statistical analysis did not reveal any correlation between Cryptosporidium sp. infection and gender, age, neoplasm advancement stage as per Astler-Coller scale, neoplasm differentiation grade, or neoplastic tumour localisation in relation to the splenic flexure.Conclusions. There was found high prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. in patients with colorectal cancer. It was comparable to the prevalence reported for patients with immune deficiency

Comparison of the characteristics and frequencies of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. infections in colorectal cancer (CRC; n = 108) and control (n = 125) groups.

<p>Comparison of the characteristics and frequencies of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. infections in colorectal cancer (CRC; n = 108) and control (n = 125) groups.</p

Associations between <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. infection (CR) and age and gender, in the control group (n = 125).

<p>Associations between <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. infection (CR) and age and gender, in the control group (n = 125).</p