Wapato for the People : An Ecological Approach to Understanding the Native American Use of Sagittaria Latifolia on the Lower Columbia River

Sagittaria latifolia Willd. was an important root food and trade commodity for the Indians who lived along the Lower Columbia River in early historic times. This plant was prolific in the extensive wetlands of the Lower Columbia from about the great Cascades to the Kalama River. The tubers of this plant were called wapato in Chinook Jargon, the local trade language. The wetlands, and this plant that grew there, occupied a vast extent of the Lower Columbia territory; so much so that this valley was named \u27Wapato Valley\u27 by Lewis and Clark in 1805. This thesis will provide pertinent information on botanical characteristics, habitat, productivity, and traditional harvesting and preparation techniques of this species. Nutritional analyses show that wapato could have provided meaningful quantities of energy (carbohydrates), fiber, and trace elements. Ecological data pertaining to this species, and ethnographic and archaeological data from North America and especially the Lower Columbia, are used to address the following research question: Was wapato intensively exploited by the Indians of the Greater Lower Columbia River (Hajda 1984) in early prehistoric times? A test of root food intensification using ecological and ethnohistoric data demonstrated: I) that wapato was a cost effective food to harvest; 2) that the annual productivity of this root food in Wapato Valley could have fed a larger population than was estimated to exist in the valley at contact; 3) that root-food intensification may not always be indicated by the presence of large earth ovens and ground stone tools. In this study 1 conclude that wapato was sufficiently productive and predictable to be intensively exploited and to function as a staple food resource. This assessment illustrates the need to reconsider some commonly accepted ideas about the intensification of root foods and the archaeological characteristics of root processing sites

The Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19 on PK-12 Students: A Systematic Review of Emerging Literature

The mental health impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on PK-12 youth is likely an urgent and enduring concern, yet research on this topic is still emerging. To synthesize current knowledge, the researchers conducted a systematic review of empirical studies exploring the mental health impacts of COVID-19. Five themes emerged across 104 included studies: (a) the pandemic proved widely disruptive to PK-12 youth; (b) there was a clear connection between the mental health of caregivers (e.g., parents) and children; (c) the pandemic broadly increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression in PK-12 youth; (d) students were particularly affected on the basis of age, gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and previous mental health or disability diagnosis; and (e) youth demonstrated negative and positive coping strategies and even saw some positive mental health outcomes during the pandemic. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.; The mental health impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on PK-12 youth is likely an urgent and enduring concern, yet research on this topic is still emerging. To synthesize current knowledge, the researchers conducted a systematic review of empirical studies exploring the mental health impacts of COVID-19. Five themes emerged across 104 included studies: (a) the pandemic proved widely disruptive to PK-12 youth; (b) there was a clear connection between the mental health of caregivers (e.g., parents) and children; (c) the pandemic broadly increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression in PK-12 youth; (d) students were particularly affected on the basis of age, gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and previous mental health or disability diagnosis; and (e) youth demonstrated negative and positive coping strategies and even saw some positive mental health outcomes during the pandemic. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed

The Grizzly, January 30, 1996

The Ruby is Dead • Research Conference Originates at Ursinus • The Soul of the Matter • Ursinus Recital Featured Two Organists • The Ursinus Blackout • Heefner Organ Recital Series Kicks Off • The Bear Facts About the Ursinus Mascot: Part 1 • Study Abroad: More Than Just an Academic Experience • Women\u27s Hoops Struggling • Bears In Thick of Playoff Race • Anecdotes of a Wagon Lost in Denver • Bears Nationally Ranked • Bears Look Tough to Beat as Centennial Tourney Hostshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1372/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, October 24, 1995

The Results Are In: Chi Rho Psi Recruited the Most Donors per Pledge • Mocktails \u27n More • Senior Class Update • Join the Army! • The Pressures Make us Miserable • De-Americanizing America • Infringing on a Conducive Learning Environment? • Why Keep Pushing? • My View on Abortion • The Million Man Exclusion • It is About Respect • In Need of Answers • Our Perspectives on Homosexuality • Homosexuality: Not an Alternative • Morality of Sexual Preference • Homecoming 1995 • Red & Gold Regulations • Mike Green Gives Advice on Drinking • Brendlinger Named Ursinus Assistant • Team Earns First Conference Win • Field Hockey Defeats Temple, Falls to American U. • Cross Country Competes in Allentown Invitational • Everyone is Invited! • Football Snaps Five-Game Skid • Steigerwalt Honoredhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1366/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, February 13, 1996

Summer Research at Ursinus • Fairley Will Not Plead Insanity • Merck Announces HIV Drug Results • Faculty Spotlight: Dr. Lynn Thelen • Joe Clark, Gospel Choir Highlight Diversity Week • Information Superhighway Control • Captain Offender • In Search of Aristotle\u27s Prime Mover • An Entirely Warped Romantic Interlude • Hey Students, Take Some Initiative! • Do You Believe in Magic? • Take it Back, Captain Jack! • Not Slick Enough • Strike up the (String) Band! • Ursinus Handles Swarthmore, 70-39 • Ursinus Edges Washington, 64-62 • Swarthmore Sweeps UC Swim Teams • Gymnasts Victorious • Bears Regain Centennial Titlehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1374/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 21, 1995

The Quad Joins the Information Superhighway • Was Darwin Right?: Dr. Philip Johnson Discusses Evolution • Women are Moving Beyond The Double Bind • From Bed to Class in 3 Seconds Flat • Ursinus\u27 Tutoring Program • A New Music Revolution • The Great Pizza Caper • Welcome to the Miserable World of a Homosexual • God and the GOP • Dr. Nagy: Challenging the Claims • We\u27re Not Secure! • Final Exam Schedule • Alumna Spotlight: Janene Paist • Alien Lands at Ursinus: Observes Strange Life Forms • Flag Football Special • Lady Bears Contend For Mobil Championship • Season Opening Tourney Yields Split • Bears Place Four on Centennial All-Conference Teamhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1370/thumbnail.jp

Drivers of rainfall trends in and around Mainland Southeast Asia

Observational rain gauge/satellite and reanalysis datasets since the 1950s are evaluated for trends in mean and extreme rainfall in and around Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA). Rain gauge data indicate strong increases exceeding 50% in both annual mean precipitation and various extreme precipitation indices over Vietnam and the northwestern part of the peninsula since 1979. The remote influence of ENSO may partially explain the recent precipitation trend toward a more intense regional hydrological cycle, in response to predominant La Niña states over recent decades. Increasing precipitation in MSEA is also associated with increased monsoon intensity in southeast Asia and a northward shift of the monsoon activity center toward MSEA over 1979–2018. Warming-driven evaporation increases were obtained over the adjacent seas typically feeding precipitation over MSEA associated with a shift toward predominantly positive phases of the two major natural climate variability modes of the tropical Indian Ocean, namely the Indian Ocean Dipole and the Indian Ocean Basin Mode. A moisture budget analysis using ERA5 re-analysis data showed increasing oceanic moisture transports along the typical winter and summer moisture pathways toward the MSEA. However, results show that during summer the major part of increased moisture from the oceanic moisture sources ends up as precipitation over the oceanic regions adjacent to MSEA with ERA5 not being able to produce the observed positive trends in summer continental precipitation. On the other hand, ERA5 reveals pronounced increases in winter precipitation over the MSEA, in accordance with rain-gauge data, associated with strongly increasing transport of moisture originated from the western tropical Pacific and the South China Sea

The Grizzly, April 16, 1996

Greeks Sponsor Easter Egg Hunt for Local Kids • New Members Inducted to Phi Beta Kappa • Ursinus Physics Professor to Run in Boston Marathon • Spring Service Day • What is Phi Beta Kappa? • Choir Performs Carmina Burana • The S.U.N. is Rising • Summer Fellows Program • Opinions: Environmental Wackos; Is God Weak or is God Evil?; God in the Gymnasium; An Open Letter to the Ursinus Community • proTheatre Speaks Romance Language • Colorful Olympic Poster Art Exhibition Opens at Berman • Dine & Act Fine Restaurant Night Offers Etiquette Lesson • Spotlight: Debbie Nolan, Dean of Students • Girls Send Hopkins Home with a Loss • Team Controls Own Destiny • Men\u27s Team Wins Two Straight; Women\u27s Losing Trend Continues • Knittel Wins Gettysburg Invitational • Pecovsky Wins at Shippensburg Invitational • Softball Team Keeps Winninghttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1380/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, September 19, 1995

The Myth of Masculinity • Fairley in Custody • What am I Gonna do After College? • Helping Inmates Read • SAO: The Old and The New! • U.S. Calls for Peace • A Major Problem • Debate: Drinking • Oscar Needs a Home • Spotlight: Reverend Scott Landis • Chi Rho Psi to Feed the Homeless • Zack\u27s: New and Improved • Women 1, Men 0 in the Battle of the Sexes • Sigma Chi Delta is Here • Get a Kick Out of the Martial Arts Club • F&M Blanks Bears • Let\u27s Make Love • Men\u27s Soccer Wins • Spotlight: Brian Hamrick • Field Hockey Wins Two Straight • Volleyball Team Places Fifthhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1362/thumbnail.jp