Mechanical-physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of catechin-incorporated adhesive resins

Several anti-proteolytic dentin therapies are being exhaustively studied in an attempt to reduce dentin bond degradation and improve clinical performance and longevity of adhesive restorations. Objectives: This study assessed the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on long-term bond strength when incorporated into adhesives. Material and Methods: Adhesive systems were formulated with EGCG concentrations of 0 wt%: (no EGCG; control); 0.5 wt% EGCG; 1.0 wt% EGCG, and 1.5 wt% EGCG. Flexural strength (FS), modulus of elasticity (ME), modulus of resilience (MR), compressive strength (CS), degree of conversion (DC), polymerization shrinkage (PS), percentage of water sorption (%WS), percentage of water solubility (%WL) and cytotoxicity properties were tested. Dentin microtensile bond strength (µTBS) was evaluated after 24 h and again after 6 months of water storage. The adhesive interface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of FS, ME, MR, CS and PS. EGCG-doped adhesives increased the DC relative to the control group. EGCG concentrations of 1.0 wt% and 0.5 wt% decreased the WS of adhesives. WL decreased in all cases in which EGCG was added to adhesives, regardless of the concentration. EGCG concentrations of 1.0 wt% and 0.5 wt% reduced cytotoxicity. EGCG concentrations of 1.0 wt% and 0.5 wt% preserved µTBS after 6 months of storage, while 1.5 wt% EGCG significantly decreased µTBS. SEM: the integrity of the hybrid layer was maintained in the 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% EGCG groups. Conclusion: EGCG concentrations of 1.0 wt% and 0.5 wt% showed better biological and mechanical performance, preserved bond strength and adhesive interface, and reduced cytotoxicity

Mycobacterium gordonae infection in a free-ranging green turtle (Chelonia mydas), Brazil

Mycobacteriosis is a well-known disease that has been reported in a variety of reptiles species. However, the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in sea turtles has been rarely documented, and most reports are from captive-reared animals. A juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas) was found stranded in March 2020, in Guanabara Bay, one of the most urbanized and polluted coastal areas in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. The turtle was in fair body condition and exhibited multiple cutaneous fibropapillomas, covering almost 60% of its body. Despite continued medical therapy, the animal died 60 days after initial supportive care. Necropsy revealed granulomatous pneumonia, hydropericardium, small granulomas in the myocardium, liver, spleen, thyroid and brain and caseous exudate in the meninges of the brain. The histopathological analysis showed disseminated granulomatous inflammation in various organs examined during necropsy. Intrahistiocytic acid-fast bacteria were observed in the liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen, brain and adrenals. The blood culture collected shortly after the animal was admitted tested positive for Mycobacterium gordonae, after an 8-week incubation period; however, the animal had already died by the time the results were obtained. Postmortem examination confirmed systemic mycobacteriosis, identified as M. gordonae in blood, liver and lung cultures and by PCR amplification of DNA extracts from frozen tissue samples. This is the first report of a disseminated infection caused by M. gordonae in a free-ranging sea turtle. Although the source of this Mycobacterium remains unknown, it could potentially be related to anthropogenic activities (e.g., waste dumping or leakage from landfill sites). Increasing surveillance of Mycobacterium in wild sea turtles is of paramount importance to better understand the role of mycobacterial species as causative agents of infections in marine species

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE PATHOLOGY INSIDE MYSTERY OF A TUMOR IN THE STOMACH OF A YOUNG FEMALE

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours are the commonest mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, the stomach and small intestine being the favored sites. They rarely occur in the colon and rectum and esophagus. The diagnosis is difficult, especially when there are no pathognomic features to suggest GIST on preoperative clinical examination and investigations, and only a detailed histopathological analysis of the specimen reveals their true nature. Here, we report a case of a young female patient who presented with vague abdominal pain which was diagnosed histopathologically as GIST of the stomach.. This article can be downloaded from www.ijpbs.ne

Associação de nanopartículas de prata a medicamentos antifúngicos para inibir o crescimento in vitro de Candida spp.

In this work, the antifungal action of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) synthesized with and without low molecular weight Chitosan (QBPM), as a surface modifier, and its association with the antifungal drugs, Amphotericin B (AMB), Fluconazole (FZL) and Caspofungin (CFG) was compared with the objective of evaluating the fungicidal and fungistatic properties of these associations through in vitro assays against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The chemical interactions of adsorbates on the surface of AgNP were studied using Ultraviolet-visible Near Infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy, while the size and zeta potential was studies using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) method. The concentrations of antifungal agents were tested separately and in combination to obtain Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC), Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) values. The association AgNP + QBPM demonstrated superior fungicidal action than AgNP without surface modifier. In the results for MIC, FIC and FICI, C. albicans and C. tropicalis showed synergy values for AMB associated with AgNP + QBPM, while C. tropicalis presented addition and C. albicans synergy for FZL associated with AgNP + QBPM, leading to the observation of a fungicidal effect, confirmed by the results for MFC. These results demonstrate the efficiency of using AgNP + QBPM as synergistic agents of antifungal action when associated with drugs and as an agent for controlled drug delivery.Neste trabalho foram comparadas a ação antifúngica de nanopartículas de prata (AgNP) sintetizadas com e sem quitosana de baixo peso molecular (QBPM) como modificador de superfície, e sua associação aos medicamentos antifúngicos, Anfotericina B (AMB), Fluconazol (FZL) e Caspofungina (CFG), com o objetivo de avaliar as propriedades fungicidas e fungistáticas destas associações através de ensaios in vitro contra Candida albicans e Candida tropicalis. As interações químicas dos adsorbatos na superfície das AgNP foram estudadas através das técnicas de espectroscopia no Ultravioleta-visível e Infravermelho Próximo (UV-VIS-NIR) e de Espalhamento Raman Intensificada por Superfície (SERS), enquanto o tamanho e potencial zeta foram analisados pelo método de Espalhamento Dinâmico da Luz (DLS). As concentrações dos agentes antifúngicos foram testadas separadamente e em combinação para a obtenção dos valores de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (MIC), Concentração Inibitória Fracionária (FIC), Índice de Concentração Inibitória Fracionária (FICI) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (MFC). A associação AgNP + QBPM demonstrou ação fungicida superior às AgNP sem modificador de superfície. Nos resultados para MIC, FIC e FICI C. albicans e C. tropicalis apresentaram valores de sinergia para AMB associada às AgNP + QBPM, enquanto C. tropicalis apresentou adição e C. albicans sinergia para FZL associado a AgNP + QBPM, levando à observação de um efeito fungicida, confirmado pelos resultados para MFC. Esses resultados demonstram a eficiência do uso de AgNP + QBPM como agentes sinérgicos da ação antifúngica, quando associados às drogas e como agente de entrega controlada de fármacos

HER2/neu negative salivary duct carcinoma of parotid: A case with forty months recurrence free follow up

Introduction: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is very rare, only 1–3% of all salivary gland tumors are reported as SDC. SDC predominantly occurs in elderly males, SCD is characterized by an aggressive clinical course of the disease with less than 60% five years survival from the day of initial diagnosis, lymph node metastasis and facial nerve involvement is common, the current literature lacks protocol regarding management of this entity and the advantage of adjuvant therapy has not been evaluated due to its rare occurrence. Presentation of case: We report patient with stage IV HER2/neu negative SDC successfully treated with surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, patient is followed up for 40 months without evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Discussion: SDC is reported to be similar to mammary duct carcinoma in clinical and immunohistologic typing, further it shows an association of expression of HER-2/neu and p53, with early local disease recurrence, distant metastasis and survival, however; current case was adequately followed up and reevaluated after 26 months, MRI did not show evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: SDC is a rare tumor and information on association of HER2/neu with survival is useful in further research on this tumor

Impact of methylene blue staining in the retrieval of lymph nodes in resected colorectal cancer specimens

Adequate lymph node harvest in resected colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens is important in staging and choosing appropriate therapeutic options. The yield of lymph nodes and metastatic nodes by methylene blue dye injection in 30 randomly selected resected CRC specimens was compared with an equal number of CRC specimens (control) with matched grade and stage.The mean number of lymph nodes retrieved in the study group was 22 ± 9 compared to 17 ± 8 in the control group which was statistically significant (P = 0.04).Methylene blue technique is an effective aid in increasing the yield of lymph nodes in the resected CRC specimens

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with equine respiratory disease in the United Kingdom.

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory diseases account for the highest number of clinical problems in horses compared with other body systems. While microbiological culture and sensitivity testing is essential for certain cases, knowledge of the most likely bacterial agents and their susceptibilities is necessary to inform empirical antibiotic choices. METHODS: A retrospective study of microbiological and cytological results from upper and lower respiratory samples (n=615) processed in a commercial laboratory between 2002 and 2012 was carried out. A further study of lower respiratory samples from horses with clinical signs of lower respiratory disease from May to June 2012 was undertaken. RESULTS: Both studies revealed Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pasteurella species, Escherichia coli and Bordetella bronchiseptica as the most frequently isolated species. S equi subspecies zooepidemicus and subspecies equi were susceptible to ceftiofur (100 per cent) and erythromycin (99 per cent). Resistance to penicillin (12.5 per cent of S equi subspecies equi from upper respiratory tract samples) and tetracycline (62.7 per cent) was also detected. Gram-negative isolates showed resistance to gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline but susceptibility to enrofloxacin (except Pseudomonas species, where 46.2 per cent were resistant). Multiple drug resistance was detected in 1 per cent of isolates. CONCLUSION: Resistance to first-choice antibiotics in common equine respiratory tract bacteria was noted and warrants continued monitoring of their susceptibility profiles. This can provide information to clinicians about the best empirical antimicrobial choices against certain pathogenic bacteria and help guide antibiotic stewardship efforts to converse their efficacy

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features: A distinct clinicopathologic entity

Objective: The objective of this study is to retrospectively evaluate follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) and reclassify encapsulated FVPTC as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) according to the criteria proposed by The Endocrine Pathology Society working group in 2015 to correlate with outcome. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of case records of all patients diagnosed as carcinoma of thyroid between 2015 and 2016 was done for the histologic subtype. Gross and microscopic features on resected specimens of FVPTC were reviewed and subtyped as invasive and encapsulated based on capsular/vascular invasion; the encapsulated forms were further studied for size, number, follicular architecture, nuclear features, presence of psammoma bodies, stromal fibrosis, necrosis, mitoses, and lymph node status. Results: Out of the 383 patients with thyroid carcinomas in the study period, 349 were PTC which included 106 FVPTC. Thirty-three patients fulfilled the criteria to be labeled as NIFTP. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 8 patients and hemithyroidectomy in 25 patients. Lymph node dissection along with total thyroidectomy was done in 3 and completion thyroidectomy following hemithyroidectomy was done in 9. There were 29 single and 4 multiple lesions with size varying from 0.2 to 7 cm including 5 lesions measuring <1 cm. The involvement was confined to one lobe in 31 and both lobes in 2 specimens. Patients are on follow-up with no recurrence till date. Conclusion: Thyroid carcinomas currently diagnosed as FVPTC should be evaluated for criteria of NIFTP to avoid overtreatment as they have an indolent behavior

Validation of the WHO 2016 new Gleason score of prostatic carcinoma

Context: New Gleason Score of Prostate. Aims: The aim of this study is to assign the patients with carcinoma prostate into new prognostic grade groups (PGGs) based on revised Gleason score (GS) and follow-up according to the WHO 2016. Subjects and Methods: All the biopsies/resected specimens of carcinoma prostate from January 2014 to June 2016 were reviewed, and GS was done according to the WHO 2016. Accordingly, cribriform, fused, and glomeruloid glands were assigned GS 4. Thus, two groups were identified with GS 7 (3 + 4 and 4 + 3). The patients were grouped into PGGs 1–5. The number of patients with change in the prognostic group along with follow-up was calculated. Results: There were 143 patients with carcinoma prostate, with a median age of 65 years. The initial GS was revised, and there was a decrease in GS 3 + 4 from 13.9% to 9% and increase in 4 + 3 from 19.6% to 23.8%. There was upgradation of PGG in 11 (7.69%) biopsies; with PGG from 1 to 2 in one; 2to 3 in eight; and 3to 4 in two. Follow-up at 2 years in 22 showed the poor prognoses in the patients who were upgraded to the higher prognostic group. Conclusions: A change in PGG according to the WHO 2016 criteria was assigned in 7.69% biopsies of carcinoma prostate, and it correlated with prognosis