Overlapping generations economy, environmental externalities, and taxation

I set up in this paper an overlapping generations economy with envi-ronment degrading itself and pollution resulting from both consumption and production to show that there always exists an inter-temporal equi-librium and to determine the competitive steady state. This steady state is compared with the equilibrium steady state in the social benevolent planner's point of view. The paper shows the optimal golden rule allo-cation which maximizes the total utility of all generations, and whenever the capital ratio in the competitive framework is higher than the golden rule capital ratio, the economy stands on the dynamically inecient point. The width of the inecient range of capital ratio depends positively on the environment maintaining technology and depends negatively on the cleanness of production technology. For such any competitive economy, I introduce some combinations of taxes and transfer with purpose of de-centralizing the best steady state attainable through the good and factors markets.overlapping generations, environmental externality, taxes and transfer scheme.

Implementing steady state efficiency in overlapping generations economies with environmental externalities

We consider in this paper overlapping generations economies with polution resulting from both consumption and production. The competitive equilibrium steady state is compared to the optimal steady state from the social planner's viewpoint. We show that any competitive equilibrium steady state whose capital-labor ratio exceeds the golden rule ratio is dynamically inefficient. Moreover, the range of dynamically efficient steady states capital ratios increases with the effectiveness of the environment maintainance technology, and decreases for more polluting production technologies. We characterize some tax and transfer policies that decentralize as a competitive equilibrium outcome the social planner's steady state.Overlapping generations, environmental externality, tax and transfer policy.

Dancing with Digital Technology: Shifting Place in Space

The 2020 pandemic caused by Covid 19, a deadly and contagious virus, revealed the fragility and limitations of the concert dance tradition as production and presentation were halted due to dependency on physical and temporal co-presence. Dance through modernity, has been contained and fixed to physical structures, such as the dance studio and theatre, faced a temporary arrest as quarantine measures and social distancing kept people disconnected from people and places. This article examines digital technology as an agile tool facilitating virtual connections for dance to move in throughout the pandemic shifting and shaping practices, such as performance and choreography, from its arrest in physical structural places of the concert dance tradition to the boundless conceptual computer mediated space of digital technology. Digital technology allows choreography to move beyond the physical structures put in place by modernity in the conceptual space of computer mediated experiences. Using Yi-Fu Tuan’s notion of space and place as a framework to examine dance, these two notions examine the limitations and possibilities of dance and its mobility: space as uninhabited, free, and uncharted and place, where humans form habits, contained, and fixed—inhabit

Development of performance-based wind engineering for residential structures: from concept to application

2010 Summer.Includes bibliographic references (pages 154-161).Covers not scanned.Print version deaccessioned 2022.The majority of buildings and approximately 90% of residential structures in North America are light-frame wood construction. Many of these structures are subjected to high winds along the eastern seaboard and Gulf Coast and as a result routinely suffer damage resulting in significant financial losses. Losses for residential wood construction during hurricanes occur for a variety of reasons, i.e. from different sources. These include sources such as (a) the failure of structure due to high wind loading; (b) water intrusion as a result of high uplift pressures on the roof system resulting in gaps or as a result of a loss of roof coverings and/or roof sheathing panels; and (c) debris impact from windborne debris. A relatively new paradigm in earthquake engineering is performance-based design (PBD). PBD is, by and large, felt by most to be a system-level philosophy that allows inclusion of system level behavior including the improvement in performance as a result of this assertion. However, in wind engineering most failures are understood to be at the component and sub-assembly level. This study outlines and demonstrates the development of performance-based wind engineering for residential structures based on losses to the owner. To date, this is the first time a mechanistic model has been used to develop fragilities for performance expectations related to all levels of performance: occupant comfort, continued occupancy, life safety, structural integrity, and manageable loss

STRUCTURAL, MAGNETIC AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Ho AND Ni CO-DOPED BiFeO3 MATERIALS

Pure BiFeO3 (BFO) and Bi1-xHoxFe0.97Ni0.03O3 (x = 0.00, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.10) materials were synthesised by sol-gel method. Effects of (Ho, Ni) co-doping on structural, magnetic and electrical properties of BFO materials were investigated by different techniques as X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersion X-ray (EDX), Raman scattering, magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loops, and complex impedance spectra measurement. Analysis results of XRD measurement shows that all samples crystallize in the rhombohedral structure with R3C space group. BFO in the rhombohedral structure has crystal lattice parameters a = 5.584 Å, c = 13.867 Å and average crystal size LXRD = 60 nm. The x = 0.00 sample (BFNO) has a = 5.589 Å, c = 13.875 Å and LXRD = 60 nm. However, the crystal lattice parameters a, c and average crystal size LXRD of (Ho, Ni) co-doped samples decrease when concentration of Ho increases. Results of Raman scattering spectra shows that the peaks position characteristic for Fe-O bonds of x = 0.00 sample shifts toward lower frequency compare to that of BFO. For the (Ho, Ni) co-doped samples (BHFNO), the peaks position characteristic for Bi-O convalent bonds shifts toward higher frequency when concentration of Ho increases. Which confirmed that Ho3+ and Ni2+ ions substituted into Bi-sites and Fe-sites, respectively. From data of magnetic hysteresis loops measurement indicates that all samples present weak ferromagnetic. BFO sample presents weak ferromagnetic properties with saturation magnetization Ms = 0.047 emu/g and remnant magnetization Mr = 0.008 emu/g. Ferromagnetic properties of (Ho, Ni) co-doped samples enhance compare to that of BFO. In this report, we will discuss the origin of ferromagnetism of materials

Folding model study of the charge-exchange scattering to the isobaric analog state and implication for the nuclear symmetry energy

The Fermi transition (\Delta L=\Delta S=0 and \Delta T=1) between the nuclear isobaric analog states (IAS), induced by the charge-exchange (p,n) or (3He,t) reaction, can be considered as "elastic" scattering of proton or 3He by the isovector term of the optical potential (OP) that flips the projectile isospin. The accurately measured (p,n) or (3He,t) scattering cross-section to the IAS can be used, therefore, to probe the isospin dependence of the proton or 3He optical potential. Within the folding model, the isovector part of the OP is determined exclusively by the neutron-proton difference in the nuclear densities and the isospin dependence of the effective nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction. Because the isovector coupling explicitly links the isovector part of the proton or 3He optical potential to the cross section of the charge-exchange (p,n) or (3He,t) scattering to the IAS, the isospin dependence of the effective (in-medium) NN interaction can be well tested in the folding model analysis of these charge-exchange reactions. On the other hand, the same isospin- and density dependent NN interaction can also be used in a Hartree-Fock calculation of asymmetric nuclear matter, to estimate the nuclear matter energy and its asymmetry part (the nuclear symmetry energy). As a result, the fine-tuning of the isospin dependence of the effective NN interaction against the measured (p,n) or (3He,t) cross sections should allow us to make some realistic prediction of the nuclear symmetry energy and its density dependence.Comment: Accepted for publication in European Physical Journal A - "Hadrons and Nuclei

Can geography lock a society in stagnation?

We extend Galor and Weil (2000) by including geographical factors in order to show that under some initial conditions, an economy may be locked in Malthusian stagnation and never take off. Specifically, we characterize the set of geographical factors for which this happens, and this way we show how the interplay of the available "land", its suitability for living, and its degree of isolation, determines whether an economy can escape stagnation

Dual-band in situ molecular spectroscopy using single-sized Al-disk perfect absorbers

In this manuscript, we have demonstrated that the antenna-enhanced infrared vibrational spectroscopy can be a powerful platform for high-sensitivity detection of ultrathin layer of polymer molecules and in situ monitoring of their crosslinking reaction as well as their kinetics of network formation. Our precisely designed dual-band perfect absorber (DPA) made of singles-sized resonator array shows strongly-enhanced nearfield intensity and polarization independence, providing a powerful antenna platform for the bond-selective vibrational sensing

Impact of Farmers’ Adoption of Good Agricultural Products on Total Factor Productivity Change: The Case of Grape and Apple Production in Vietnam

Development of agricultural production with Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) standards is an objective trend of sustainable agriculture. This research employed data envelopment analysis (DEA) and ordinary least square (OLS) Regression to quantify impact of farmers’ adoption of GAP on the Total Factor Productivity Change (TFPCH) in investment in grape and apple production in Ninh Thuan of Vietnam.  The results show that farmers’ adoption of GAP positively influenced on increase on total factor productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to find-out solutions to speed up farmers’ investment in development of agriculture with GAP standards. Keywords: GAP, TFPCH, impact, farmer household, Vietna

A neurodynamic approach for a class of pseudoconvex semivectorial bilevel optimization problem

The article proposes an exact approach to find the global solution of a nonconvex semivectorial bilevel optimization problem, where the objective functions at each level are pseudoconvex, and the constraints are quasiconvex. Due to its non-convexity, this problem is challenging, but it attracts more and more interest because of its practical applications. The algorithm is developed based on monotonic optimization combined with a recent neurodynamic approach, where the solution set of the lower-level problem is inner approximated by copolyblocks in outcome space. From that, the upper-level problem is solved using the branch-and-bound method. Finding the bounds is converted to pseudoconvex programming problems, which are solved using the neurodynamic method. The algorithm's convergence is proved, and computational experiments are implemented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed approach