University Extension of Elderly Health and Potency for Medical Training

Objective: To present the potential of university extension for medical training, based on the perception of extension workers. Method: This is an exploratory descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, carried out with medical students, former students of the university extension project of the elderly health. Wheels of conversations were made to base empirical production on a semi-structured interview script. The analysis was performed using Fiorin's speech analysis technique. Results: It was possible to verify, in this research, the power of the university extension in the medical training, the impact generated in the accompanied elderly people and the importance of the production of bond. It was also verified the importance of providing students with more projects that can give a return to society and foster in students the need not to stop only the pathology, but mainly to awaken the motivation for a humanized and integral care. Conclusion: The university extension provides an approximation with the community, through the bond and accountability between the academic and the elderly. In addition, it allows to contribute to improve and implant the sense of citizenship in the life of individuals. Key words: Health of the institutionalized elderly, Medicine, Collective Health

Mental health and burnout syndrome among postgraduate students in medical and multidisciplinary residencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil : protocol for a prospective cohort study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to high levels of physical, psychological, and social stress among health care professionals, including postgraduate students in medical and multidisciplinary residencies. This stress is associated with the intense fear of occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the virus known to cause COVID-19. These professionals are at risk of developing physical and mental illnesses not only due to the infection but also due to prolonged exposure to multidimensional stress and continued work overload. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of mental disorders and burnout syndrome and determine the risk factors for burnout among postgraduate students in medical and multidisciplinary residencies in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: For this prospective cohort study with parallel groups, participants were recruited between July and September 2020 to achieve a sample size of at least 1144 participants. Research instruments such as Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; Patient Health Questionnaire; Brief Resilient Coping Scale; and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory will be used to collect data. Data will be collected in 2 waves: the first wave will include data related to sample characterization and psychosocial evaluation, and the second wave will be launched 12 weeks later and will include an evaluation of the incidence of burnout as well as correlations with the potential predictive factors collected in the first wave. Additionally, we will collect data regarding participants’ withdrawal from work. Results: The recruitment took place from July 29 to September 5, 2020. Data analyses for this phase is already in progress. The second phase of the study is also in progress. The final data collection began on December 1, 2020, and it will be completed by December 31, 2020. Conclusions: We believe the findings of this study will help evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health conditions of health professionals in Brazil as well as contribute to the planning and implementation of appropriate measures that can alleviate these mental health challenges. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/2429

Desafios e avanços na antibioticoterapia para exacerbações pulmonares na fibrose cística

A fibrose cística é uma doença genética complexa que afeta a produção de muco e a função pulmonar. Exacerbações pulmonares, muitas vezes provocadas por Pseudomonas aeruginosa, são comuns. O diagnóstico requer testes de suor e genéticos para guiar a terapia antibiótica. Avanços com moduladores CFTR melhoram a função pulmonar, mas desafios como resistência bacteriana persistem. Este estudo busca analisar a antibioticoterapia para exacerbações pulmonares na fibrose cística, com foco em abordagens inovadoras e personalizadas. O estudo, baseado em uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica, abrange o período de 2016 a 2024, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). No primeiro estudo, sobre adjuvantes antibióticos no tratamento de infecções pulmonares em pacientes com fibrose cística, não houve impacto significativo nas exacerbações pulmonares ou na função respiratória. O KB001-A não alterou o tempo para a próxima administração de antibióticos em comparação ao placebo. Evidências apontam uma possível redução na densidade de Pseudomonas aeruginosa com o KB001-A e reduções em Staphylococcus aureus e quase-Pseudomonas aeruginosa com o óxido nítrico, sem diferenças na qualidade de vida. O segundo estudo, em um modelo suíno de pneumonia por Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistente, a terapia inalatória de amicacina combinada com meropenem mostrou maior eficácia bactericida nas secreções traqueais em comparação à monoterapia intravenosa. A administração inalatória não preveniu a disseminação da infecção, mas a amicacina evitou o aumento da concentração inibitória mínima de meropenem, com alta concentração nas amostras sem diferenças entre pulmões infectados e não infectados. No terceiro estudo, O estudo das nanopartículas poliméricas na eliminação de biofilmes bacterianos em cepas resistentes e suscetíveis associadas à fibrose cística mostrou potencial promissor contra bactérias multirresistentes. Os nanoportadores de lipídios demonstraram eficácia terapêutica significativa, ressaltando a necessidade de mais pesquisas para confirmar seu benefício clínico. Em resumo, os adjuvantes antibióticos não impactaram significantemente o tratamento de infecções pulmonares na fibrose cística. A combinação de amicacina e meropenem foi eficaz contra pneumonia por Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistente. As nanopartículas poliméricas e nanoportadores de lipídios mostraram potenciais terapêuticos promissores, demandando mais pesquisas para validar seus benefícios clínicos