Антибактеријска својства талусних јетрењача marchantia polymorpha l., conocephalum conicum (l.) dum. И pellia endiviifolia (dicks.) dumort.

The antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of three thalloid liver­worts, Marchantia polymorpha, Conocephalum conicum and Pellia endiviifolia and bis-bibenzyl marchantin A, the most dominant compound in the methanol extract of M. polymorpha, have been investigated in this research. 1H-NMR spec­troscopy revealed that the M. polymorpha and P. endiviifolia extracts of liverwort contain terpenes, oils, sugars and bis-bibenzyls, while these specific macrocyclic compounds were absent in the C. conicum extract. The anti­mic­robial potential was tested on eight bacterial strains. Antimicrobial effects of extracts and mar­chantin A were observed against Gram-positive bacteria, while they showed no effect against Gram-negative bacteria in both methods used – well diffusion and broth microdilution.У овом раду испитиван је хемијски састав и антибактеријска активност метанолних екстраката три јетрењачe, Marchantia polymorpha, Conocephalum conicum и Pellia endiveifolia и бис-бибензила маршанцина A, доминантне компоненте у метанолном екстракту M. polymorpha. 1H-NMR спектроскопија је показала присуство терпена, уља, шећера и бис-бибензила у екстрактима M. polymorpha и P. endiviifolia, док екстракт C. conicum не садржи специфична макроциклична једињења – бис-бибензиле. Антимикробни потен- цијал је тестиран на осам бактеријских сојева. Антимикробни ефекат маршанцина А уочен је на све грам позитивне сојеве, док је ефекат изостао код грам негативних сојева у обе тестиране методе – дифузионе методе у бунарима и микродилуционе методе у хранљивом бујону

Characterization of phenolic compounds in tincture of edible Nepeta nuda: development of antimicrobial mouthwash

The activity of edible Nepeta nuda L. (Lamiaceae) tincture and Listerine towards a selected group of oral pathogenic microorganisms (4 bacterial and 9 fungal strains) has been explored. Their potentials to inhibit the formation of biofilm and to diminish established biofilm have been compared. The amount of N. nuda tincture and swishing time necessary for reaching better or equivalent antimicrobial effect than that of Listerine have been predicted. Phenolic compounds in N. nuda tincture are determined by LC-DAD/ ESI-MSn. Both Listerine and N. nuda tincture possess good antimicrobial potentials (MIC in the range of 0.8–15 µL per well) including inhibition of biofilms. Rosmarinic acid and verminoside are the most dominant phenolic compounds present in the N. nuda tincture. Based on in vitro results, we infer that it is more desirable to swish 20 mL of mouthwashes (Listerine and N. nuda tincture, 100 mg mL−1) for 30 s when dealing with selected microorganisms in general and for 60 s (N. nuda tincture) when dealing with bacterial biofilms.This work has been supported by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development for financial support (Grant number 173032 and 173029). The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of Portugal and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013) and L. Barros research contract. The authors are grateful to FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Assessment of the Biological Effects of Pellia endiviifolia and its Constituents in Vitro

Liverworts are characterized by a high content of bioactive compounds reported to show antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. In this study, the biological effects of the methanol extract of the liverwort Pellia endiviifolia and its constituents, bis-bibenzyls perrottetin E, 10′-hydroxyperrottetin E, and 10,10′-dihydroxyperrottetin E, were investigated using human peripheral blood cells as a model system. The assessment of the investigated compounds comprised testing their genotoxicity, apoptotic potential, and redox modulating activities. The genotoxicity testing indicated that medium (25 µM) and high concentrations (100 µM) of the investigated compounds displayed genotoxic and antiproliferative effects in human lymphocytes as revealed by significant, concentration-dependent enhancement of the micronuclei incidence and decrease in the cytokinesis-block proliferation index compared to the control (P .05). The observed genotoxic, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic effects of the investigated compounds make them suitable for further comprehensive studies related to their possible applications as anticancer agents

Bis-Bibenzyls from the Liverwort Pellia endiviifolia and Their Biological Activity

Based on previous investigations where bis-bibenzyls isolated from liverworts showed various biological activities (cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiviral), we investigated their cytotoxic activity in several human cancer cell lines. From the methylene-chloride/methanol extract of the liverwort Pellia endiviifolia, three bis-bibenzyls of the perrottetin type were isolated, namely perrottetin E, 10′-hydroxyperrottetin E, and 10,10′-dihydroxyperrottetin E. The last two were found for the first time in this species. Their structures were resolved using 1D and 2D NMR, as well as by comparison with data in the literature. Cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds was tested on three human leukemia cell lines, HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia cells), U-937 (acute monocytic leukemia cells), and K-562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells), as well as on human embryonal teratocarcinoma cell line (NT2/D1) and human glioblastoma cell lines A-172 and U-251, and compared to the previously isolated bis-bibenzyls (perrottetins) of similar structure. The isolated compounds exhibited modest activity against leukemia cells and significant activity against NT2/D1 and A-172. Overall, the most active cytotoxic compounds in this investigation were perrottetin E (1), isolated in this work from Pellia endiviifolia, and perrottetin F phenanthrene derivative (7), previously isolated from Lunularia cruciata and added for a comparison of their cytotoxic activity

Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of Abietinella abietina, Neckera crispa, Platyhypnidium riparoides, Cratoneuron filicinum and Campylium protensum mosses

The antibacterial and antifungal activity of methanol extracts of the genuine mosses Abietinella abietina, Neckera crispa, Platyhypnidium riparoides, Cratoneuron filicinum var. filicinum and Campylium protensum were evaluated. Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram (+) Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus cereus and Gram (-) bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Antifungal activity was tested using micromycetes Trichoderma viride, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium ochrochloron, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and A. fumigatus. The methanol extracts of all moss species showed an antimicrobial effect against the tested microorganisms. Significant antibacterial effect was achieved for Cratoneuron filicinum and Neckera crispa. The most sensitive bacteria were Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus flavus. Abietinella abietina and Neckera crispa showed an antifungal effect against micromycetes Trichoderma viride, Penicillium ochrachloron, P. funiculosum and Aspergillus flavus. [Acknowledgments. This research was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of Serbia (Project No. 173029 and 173032).

Interactions between Natural Products—A Review

Plant-based natural products have been used as a source for therapeutics since the dawn of civilization. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 80% of the world’s population relies on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare. Numerous natural extracts, widely known in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Indian Ayurveda medicine and other practices, have led to the modern discovery and development of new drugs. Plants continuously interact with their environment, producing new compounds and ever-changing combinations of existing ones. Interestingly, some of the compounds have shown lower therapeutic activity in comparison to the extract they were isolated from. These findings suggest that the higher therapeutic activity of the source extract was due to the synergistic effect of several compounds. In other words, the total therapeutic potential of the extract cannot be explained only by the sum of its parts alone. In traditional medicine, most herbal remedies are based on a mixture of plants, and it is the interaction between different constituents that amplifies their therapeutic potential. Considering the significant influence traditional medicine has on human healthcare, knowing and studying the synergistic effect of compounds is paramount in designing smart therapeutic agents

Nepeta nuda tincture Vs. Listerine – who wins the battle against oral pathogens?

Antimicrobial activity of Nepeta nuda L. (Lamiaceae) tincture and Listerine against a selected group of oral pathogenic microorganisms (4 bacterial species and 9 fungal strains) was explored. The activity of N. nuda tincture and Listerine to inhibit the formation of biofilm has been compared as well as their potential to demolish biofilm that is already established. Furthermore, based on in vitro experiments, the amount of N. nuda tincture and swishing time necessary for reaching better or equivalent antimicrobial effect as Listerine were predicted. Chemical constituents in N. nuda tincture regarding phenolic compounds were determined by LC-DAD/ESI-MSn. Both Listerine and N. nuda tincture possessed good antimicrobial potential, and acted on biofilms on two different developmental stages. When dealing with bacteria that have biofilm forming ability, N. nuda tincture would be highly recommended since it showed much better potential to inhibit formation of biofilms. For application via swishing, both mouthwashes should be used for 30 s when dealing with selected microorganisms in general and for 60 s (N. nuda tincture, 100 mg mL-1) when dealing with bacterial biofilms. Recommended volume of liquid for swishing is 20 mL. Chemical profiling showed rosmarinic acid and verminoside as the most dominant phenolic compounds present in the N. nuda tincture. So, who wins this battle? The authors could conclude that both mouthwashes stand shoulder to shoulder when it comes to exhibiting antimicrobial potential, and since Listerine has been in wide use for long time period, and it would be an attractive challenge to put some competition on the market.This work has been supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant No. 173032). The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of Portugal and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013) and L. Barros research contract. The authors are grateful to FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Secondary metabolites from endemic species <i>Iris adriatica</i> Trinajstić ex Mitić (Iridaceae)

<p>This manuscript describes the first detailed chemical investigation of endemic species <i>Iris adriatica</i>, including isolation and structure elucidation. Chemical analyses of the rhizome CH₂Cl₂/MeOH (2:1) extract revealed fourteen secondary metabolites, mainly isoflavonoids. Among isoflavonoids, two groups have been found: nigricin-type and tectorigenin-type. Dominant group of the isolated compounds has been nigricin-type isoflavones: nigricin, nigricin-4′-(1-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside) and nigricin-4′-(1-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranosyl (1–6)-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside) with 2.5, 10 and 1% of the total extract, respectively. Irisxanthone – xanthone C-glucoside, <i>β</i>-sitosterol, benzophenone and one of its derivatives have also been found. Nigricin-type isoflavonoids and irisxanthone can be considered as possible chemotaxonomic markers for <i>I. adriatica</i>. 5,3′,5′-Trimethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavone-4′-(1-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside) and benzophenone have been isolated from <i>Iris</i> species for the first time.</p> <p>Left-hand image of <i>Iris adriatica</i> (Adriatic potato) with redditsh purple flowers © Miroslav Mitić. All Rights Reserved.</p

Laetiporus sulphureus, edible mushroom from Serbia: Investigation on volatile compounds, in vitro antimicrobial activity and in situ control of Aspergillus flavus in tomato paste

The volatile compounds of fruiting bodies of wild Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill, growing on willow trees from Serbia, were isolated and extracted using methanol, acetone and dichloromethane and investigated by GC/MS-SPME. A total of 56 components were identified in the extracts. Hydrocarbons predominated (76.90%, 77.20%, and 43.10%) in dichloromethane, acetone and methanol extracts, respectively. Fatty acids, esters and sesquiterpenes were present in amounts equal or lower than 2.00%. Ketones were represented with moderate amount with the exception of methanol extract where it reached as much as 28.90% of the total investigated compounds. Extracts were also tested for antimicrobial activity with and without the addition of food additive - potassium disulfite in vitro against eight bacterial and eight fungal species, and in situ in tomato paste against Aspergillus flavus. All the tested extracts showed good antimicrobial activity, but methanol extract with addition of E224 showed the best antimicrobial activity in vitro. In situ results indicate complete inhibition of A. flavus growth in tomato paste after 15 days of the treatment. This study is the first report on volatile composition of L. sulphureus growing wild in Serbia. We describe for the first time the application of its extract as antifungal food preservative. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia [173032, 173029