The impact of metabolic risk management on recurrence of urinary stones

Introduction: Urinary stone disease is a common urologic problem and recurrence in stone formation is a very familiar issue to urologists. Although recurrence in stone formation has been linked to metabolic abnormalities, it can be accessible by metabolic risk analysis studies.Methods: Herein, we present our experience in metabolic risk management on recurrence of urinary stones for 10 years in Akdeniz University School of Medicine department of Urology. We retrospectively analyzed Akdeniz University Urinary Stone Database between dates of January 2000 and December 2010. We found over 3500 patients who were managed by SWL (shock wave lithotripsy) or PCNL (percutaneus nephrolithotripsy) or URS (Ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy) or open surgery.Results: 525 patients’ metabolic risk analysis was ordered due to recurrent urinary stone disease. Only 134 (25.5 %) current metabolic analysis were returned. Mean patient age was 32.2 years (range: 19-82 years).Patients were 103 male and 31 female. Stone analysis results were CaOx monohydrate in 48 (35.8 %), CaOx dihydrate in 8 (5.9 %), CaOx mono and dihydrate in 70 (52.2 %), uric acid in 3, CaOx monohydrate and uricacid in 2, cystine in 2, and struvite in 1 patient, respectively. The  metabolic risk analysis showed some abnormality in 54 (40.2 %) patients.Conclusion: Although compliance to metabolic risk analysis studies is low among recurrent urinary stone formers, some significant metabolic abnormalities could be detected in those who are effectively screened.Recurrence of urinary stones in patients who are started on appropriate metabolic management can be prevented

The effect of optical confinement factor and gain constant on the distortion levels in InGaAsP semiconductor laser diodes

The effect of optical confinement factor and gain constant (optical gain coefficient) on harmonic distortion in 1,55 mu m. semiconductor laser diodes are investigated by using a mathematical model based on multi-mode rate equations. The model can be extended and used to simulate the output of any direct modulated Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser in long wavelength by changing some of the parameters. Gain and spontaneous emission are included as spectrums, since each mode experiences different gain and spontaneous emission coupled to each mode is different. The important parameters such as Auger recombination, nonradiative recombination, spontaneous emission life time and gain saturation are included in the model. The second harmonic distortion levels are examined and computed graphically for different threshold levels

The role of optical feedback for controlling chaotic cases in semiconductor laser diodes

In this study the effect of optical feedback in semiconductor laser diodes (LD) has been examined using small signal analysis. The transfer function of LD is given as H(j omega(m))(D) and transfer function of external cavity LD is given as TF(j omega(m))(HD) respectively. The investigated parameters of these transfer functions are external cavity length ( L-ext ), line-width enhancement factor (alpha) and mirror power reflection coefficient (R). The gain change occurring due to optical feedback noise is shown by broadening the bandwidth and narrowing the frequency spectra and the state of chaos (coherence collapse) is determined in each case. By varying the level of reflected optical feedback power ( f(ext) ) the optical feedback system of LD has been improved. In addition to that the system is driven out of chaos by finding reasonable levels for these variables

Different approach for distortion analysis of external cavity laser diode using volterra series

In this study, external cavity laser diode has been modelled and non-linear equations of system are being solved by using Volterra series. In the study, linearized laser diodes rate equations are reorganized for external cavity and these equations are solved with harmonic input method using Volterra series. The transfer functions brought about for harmonics are obtained using Volterra-Weiner series approach. The stability analysis of system is compared from output to input using these transfer functions. Nyquist stability criteria have been used in the analysis

Static and dynamic behaviour of the three cavity semiconductor laser diodes and oscillation frequency shift suppression

In this study, static and dynamic behaviour of a three cavity laser diode model have been analyzed and oscillation frequency shift under the dynamic structure is explanied theoretically. In the analysis, the effect of both the laser facet and the external cavity reflectivities as well as the lengths on the threshold conditions are investigated theoretically. The results have shown that when the optical feedback is increased depending upon the phase of the reflected field, the threshold gain of the laser is decreased The results indicate that strong optical feedback, AR coating of the laser facet and large external cavity lenghts are effective for the frequency shift suppression

The impact of metabolic risk management on recurrence of urinary stones

Introduction: Urinary stone disease is a common urologic problem and recurrence in stone formation is a very familiar issue to urologists. Although recurrence in stone formation has been linked to metabolic abnormalities, it can be accessible by metabolic risk analysis studies. Methods: Herein, we present our experience in metabolic risk management on recurrence of urinary stones for 10 years in Akdeniz University School of Medicine department of Urology. We retrospectively analyzed Akdeniz University Urinary Stone Database between dates of January 2000 and December 2010. We found over 3500 patients who were managed by SWL (shock wave lithotripsy) or PCNL (percutaneus nephrolithotripsy) or URS (Ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy) or open surgery. Results: 525 patients’ metabolic risk analysis was ordered due to recurrent urinary stone disease. Only 134 (25.5 %) current metabolic analysis were returned. Mean patient age was 32.2 years (range: 19-82 years). Patients were 103 male and 31 female. Stone analysis results were CaOx monohydrate in 48 (35.8 %), CaOx dihydrate in 8 (5.9 %), CaOx mono and dihydrate in 70 (52.2 %), uric acid in 3, CaOx monohydrate and uric acid in 2, cystine in 2, and struvite in 1 patient, respectively. The  metabolic risk analysis showed some abnormality in 54 (40.2 %) patients. Conclusion: Although compliance to metabolic risk analysis studies is low among recurrent urinary stone formers, some significant metabolic abnormalities could be detected in those who are effectively screened. Recurrence of urinary stones in patients who are started on appropriate metabolic management can be prevented

The impact of metabolic risk management on recurrence of urinary stones

Introduction: Urinary stone disease is a common urologic problem and recurrence in stone formation is a very familiar issue to urologists. Although recurrence in stone formation has been linked to metabolic abnormalities, it can be accessible by metabolic risk analysis studies.Methods: Herein, we present our experience in metabolic risk management on recurrence of urinary stones for 10 years in Akdeniz University School of Medicine department of Urology. We retrospectively analyzed Akdeniz University Urinary Stone Database between dates of January 2000 and December 2010. We found over 3500 patients who were managed by SWL (shock wave lithotripsy) or PCNL (percutaneus nephrolithotripsy) or URS (Ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy) or open surgery.Results: 525 patients’ metabolic risk analysis was ordered due to recurrent urinary stone disease. Only 134 (25.5 %) current metabolic analysis were returned. Mean patient age was 32.2 years (range: 19-82 years).Patients were 103 male and 31 female. Stone analysis results were CaOx monohydrate in 48 (35.8 %), CaOx dihydrate in 8 (5.9 %), CaOx mono and dihydrate in 70 (52.2 %), uric acid in 3, CaOx monohydrate and uricacid in 2, cystine in 2, and struvite in 1 patient, respectively. The  metabolic risk analysis showed some abnormality in 54 (40.2 %) patients.Conclusion: Although compliance to metabolic risk analysis studies is low among recurrent urinary stone formers, some significant metabolic abnormalities could be detected in those who are effectively screened.Recurrence of urinary stones in patients who are started on appropriate metabolic management can be prevented

Translation and validation of the instrument for the oral health-related quality of life assessment in 3 to 5 years old children in Bosnia-Herzegovina

<strong>Introduction:</strong> During 2007. in the U.S. was developed the questionnaire for caregivers with 13 items for assessing the oral health-related quality of life in children 3-5 years of age, The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact<br />Scale, The ECOHIS. The aim of this study was to perform the fi rst part of the adaptation process for this instrument in Bosnia-Herzegovina: translation, cross-cultural adaptation and the comprehensibility testing.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> ECOHIS was translated from English into the one of the languages in Bosnia-Herzegovina using a standardized forward-backward translation method. Two licensed, professional English-language translators, one dentist and one pediatrician, participated in the development of the preliminary BH-ECOHIS version. All translators were native Bosnian speakers. After translation and adaptation of ECOHIS to Bosnia and Herzegovina setting, pilot-research was performed in order to check the comprehensibility of the questionnaire.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The original and the back-translated version were the same. Because not all children in Bosnia-Herzegovina attend preschool, school or daycare, we replaced the question number fi ve from the original<br />English version “missed preschool, daycare or school“ with “had difficulties in everyday activities”. Translated and culturally adapted version of the ECOHIS was applied in a form of an interview (N=16). Parents/caregivers<br />had no diffi culties to understand the questionnaire.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> BH-ECOHIS showed excellent comprehensibility. Next step in the validation process should be the testing of its measurement characteristic

Intralesional Curettage and Cementation for Low-Grade Chondrosarcoma of Long Bones: Retrospective Study and Literature Review

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