catena-Poly[bis­(μ3-2-methyl­benzoato)disilver(I)]

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Ag2(C8H7O2)2]n, features polymeric chains extending along the a axis, with the two Ag+ cations in a distorted trigonal coordination. The range of Ag—O bond lengths is 2.169 (2)–2.433 (2) Å, whereas the Ag⋯Ag separations are in the range 2.8674 (4)–3.6256 (5) Å. The 2-methyl­benzoate groups are oriented at a dihedral angle of 60.7 (1)° with respect to each other

catena-Poly[(diaqua­strontium)-bis­(μ-2-methyl-3,5-dinitro­benzoato)]

The title compound, [Sr(C8H5N2O6)2(H2O)2]n, essentially consists of a one-dimensional polymeric network with Sr2O2 rings extending along the [100] direction. The range of Sr—O bond lengths is 2.4822 (13)–2.8113 (13) Å. C—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions stabilize the mol­ecules in the form of a two-dimensional polymeric network parallel to (001). One of the nitro groups is disordered over three sets of sites with the occupancy ratio of 0.46:0.32:0.22

The cradle of the deltaF508 mutation

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disorder caused due to mutation/s in the CFTR gene. The most common mutation in CFTR worldwide is deltaF508 and cystic fibrosis genetic analysis consortium revealed that this mutation is responsible for approximately 66% of all CF chromosomes in the world. Studies looking at the DNA polymorphic haplotypes created by CF linked markers suggest that deltaF508 has a single origin as this mutation has been found associated exclusively with one marker haplotype. Despite a high prevalence of this mutation in CF patients in northern parts of Europe, findings suggest that this mutation was not spread by Europeans but by a group that is speculated to have originated in the Middle East or a more eastern region in Asia (most likely subcontinent). Over here we have given a brief introduction to cystic fibrosis and classification of CFTR mutations and have further elaborated on the crucial issue about the spread of the deltaF508 mutation. We have reviewed findings that give clues about the origin of this mutation from the Baluch ethnicity residing in Pakistan

catena-Poly[bis­(μ3-2-methyl-3,5-dinitro­benzoato)disilver(I)]

In the title coordination polymer, [Ag2(C8H5N2O6)2]n, the silver ion is coordinated to three O atoms from three different anions in an approximate T-shape with one bond much longer than the other two. The polyhedral connectivity leads to [100] chains containing alternating centrosymmetric four-rings and eight-rings, with a short d 10⋯d 10 Ag⋯Ag interaction [2.8846 (4) Å] across the latter. The nitro groups are oriented at dihedral angles of 21.2 (5) and 64.3 (3)° with respect to the aromatic ring of the ligand. A C—H⋯O inter­action occurs in the crystal

Validation of a Novel Collection Device for Non-Invasive Urine Sampling from Free-Ranging Animals.

Recent advances in non-invasively collected samples have opened up new and exciting opportunities for wildlife research. Different types of samples, however, involve different limitations and certain physiological markers (e.g., C-peptide, oxytocin) can only be reliably measured from urine. Common collection methods for urine to date work best for arboreal animals and large volumes of urine. Sufficient recovery of urine is thus still difficult for wildlife biologists, particularly for terrestrial and small bodied animals. We tested three collection devices (two commercially available saliva swabs, Salivette synthetic and cotton, and cotton First aid swabs) against a control to permit the collection of small volumes of urine from the ground. We collected urine samples from captive and wild macaques, and humans, measured volume recovery, and analyzed concentrates of selected physiological markers (creatinine, C-peptide, and neopterin). The Salivette synthetic device was superior to the two alternative devices. Concentrations of creatinine, absolute C-peptide, C-peptide per creatinine, absolute neopterin, and neopterin per creatinine measured in samples collected with this device did not differ significantly from the control and were also strongly correlated to it. Fluid recovery was also best for this device. The least suitable device is the First aid collection device; we found that while absolute C-peptide and C-peptide per creatinine concentrations did not differ significantly from the control, creatinine concentrations were significantly lower than the control. In addition, these concentrations were either not or weakly correlated to the control. The Salivette cotton device provided intermediate results, although these concentrations were strongly correlated to the control. Salivette synthetic swabs seem to be useful devices for the collection of small amounts of urine from the ground destined for the assessment of physiological parameters. They thus provide new opportunities for field studies to incorporate physiological markers, particularly on smaller bodied and terrestrial animals and where urine collection is difficult

Who is More Free? A Comparison of the Decision-Making of Private and Public School Principals

While an abundance of school choice literature focuses on student achievement outcomes, little has been done to determine the mechanisms involved in producing such outcomes. We present a comparative analysis of private and public school principals using data from the School and Staffing Survey (SASS) 2011-2012. We add to the literature by examining the differences in private and public school principals’ abilities to influence important decisions at their schools. We conclude that private schooling may have a systematic advantage over public schooling since private school leadership exhibits more autonomy in influencing relevant decisions

Private Schooling Promotes Political and Economic Freedom? An International Fixed Effects Instrumental Variables Analysis

Additional private schooling within a nation-state may increase citizens’ political and economic freedom through increased educational quality, balanced power relationships, and increased civic engagement. We employ a two-stage-least-squares time and country-level fixed-effects analytical technique to examine how private schooling could affect political rights, civil liberties and economic freedom indices. We also use a new instrumental variable, short-run fluctuations in the demand for schooling, to predict private schooling. We examine 174 different nations across the globe from 1999 to 2014, and find significant evidence to suggest that private schooling leads to enhanced political and economic freedom. In particular, our preferred model finds that a ten percentage point increase in private share of schooling enrollment within a nation, over time, is associated with a 7.4% of a standard deviation increase in the Political Rights Index and an 8% of a standard deviation increase in the Economic Freedom of the World Index

Impact Of Pester Power and Cultural Factor on Parental Buying Decision: Changing Food Preferences in Pakistan

This study\u27s four primary aims are as follows. First, it examines the impact of children\u27s pester power on parental buying behavior, especially regarding fast food demands. Fast food is becoming more popular, especially in advertisements targeting younger people. Second, it looks at cultural variables, especially in the Asian setting, and how parents make fast-food purchasing choices. Third, it examines parents\u27 socioeconomic status, influencing their purchasing decisions. Finally, the shop atmosphere may impact parents\u27 buying behavior (s). A causal link between the independent and dependent variables was established by an exploratory investigation. This study was cross-sectional and usually related to numerical data belonging to variables (independent, dependent) and target groups. The data were gathered via a poll of parents of school-aged children (aged 12 to 18 years). PROCESS macro was used to test the hypothesized framework. The findings demonstrated a sound and robust association between pestering power and parental purchase decisions, both directly and in an in-store setting. Similar to this, there is a strong and positive correlation between cultural traits and parental buying choices, both directly and indirectly via the in-store environment

Prospectus, July 11, 2001

https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_2001/1018/thumbnail.jp

Manufacturing and Performance of an Economical 1-D Shake Table

The researchers and engineers encountered many problems to precisely replicate earthquake waves. Earthquakes are one of the nature's worst catastrophes and are still unpredictable. Statistical research has shown that the earthquakes have increased in frequency in recent years and have become a major concern for the world especially for those countries which are located on the fault lines such as Japan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. So, it was imperative to device a mechanism to check earthquake response and apply some necessary mitigations for the safety of humanity. After many years of research an indispensable testing apparatus was designed named as Shake Table. This apparatus is extensively used in earthquake research centers globally because it is the best available apparatus to replicate the earthquakes imposed dynamic effects on structures. A uni-axial shaking table was designed, manufactured and installed in University of Engineering & Technology Taxila, Pakistan which is operated on 3 HP servo motor coupled with encoder, motion controller and supported on HSB mechanical linear drive. The system was assembled in a simple way with care to endure sufficient replication of given (recorded) motion by shake table system. This paper focuses on the designing, manufacturing and performance of an economical analytical model of 1-D shake table incorporating conjunction of structural dynamics and linear control theory