Zjawisko terroryzmu jako element kształtujący miejską przestrzeń publiczną

Terrorism is classified as one of the biggest global challenges. Terrorism threat significantly affects the state apparatus and the legal regulations. Moreover, it causes substantial changes in functioning and forming urban space. These kind of changes are especially ob-served in the largest cities, which are mostly exposed to terrorism attacks. This article is aimed at presenting connection between modern wave of international terrorism and urban public space. The paper presents the most important issues of modern terrorism characteristic, objects and strategies. Also, different concepts of terrorism including its classification have been discussed. The article shows terrorism influence not only on forming of the modern ur-ban environment but also on the whole public space. The considerations are based on polish public space and its capacity, to take all reasonable steps to fight against real terrorist dangers, in face of the present situation in Europe.Terroryzm zaliczany jest do grupy największych wyzwań o charakterze globalnym. Zagrożenie terrorystyczne znacząco wpływa na funkcjonowanie aparatu państwowego i regulacje prawne, a także powoduje istotne zmiany w sposobach funkcjonowania i kształtowania miast, zwłaszcza tych największych, które w głównej mierze stają się obiektem ataków. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu ukazanie związków istniejących pomiędzy współczesną falą międzynarodowego terroryzmu a miejską przestrzenią publiczną. Artykuł przedstawia najważniejsze kwestie związane z charakterystyką współczesnego terroryzmu, jego cele oraz strategie działania. Omówiono również pojęcie terroryzmu z uwzględnieniem jego klasyfikacji. Ukazano wpływ, jaki terroryzm wywiera na kształtowanie współczesnego środowiska zurbanizowanego, jak i całej przestrzeni publicznej. Rozważania oparte są na przykładzie polskiej przestrzeni publicznej oraz możliwości jej dostosowania do realnych zagrożeń terrorystycznych, w świetle obecnie panującej sytuacji na arenie europejskiej

Multi-modal Embedding Fusion-based Recommender

Recommendation systems have lately been popularized globally, with primary use cases in online interaction systems, with significant focus on e-commerce platforms. We have developed a machine learning-based recommendation platform, which can be easily applied to almost any items and/or actions domain. Contrary to existing recommendation systems, our platform supports multiple types of interaction data with multiple modalities of metadata natively. This is achieved through multi-modal fusion of various data representations. We deployed the platform into multiple e-commerce stores of different kinds, e.g. food and beverages, shoes, fashion items, telecom operators. Here, we present our system, its flexibility and performance. We also show benchmark results on open datasets, that significantly outperform state-of-the-art prior work.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Quantification of Synergistic Effects of Ceragenin CSA-131 Combined with Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles Against Cancer Cells

Background: Therapeutic efficiency of ceragenins against cancers may be limited by lack of their hemocompatibility when high concentrations of molecules are required to reach a desired result. Synergistic effects observed upon administration of anticancer agents and metal nanoparticles may provide an opportunity to limit toxicity of immobilized ceragenins on the surface of metal nanoparticles and to improve their therapeutic efficiency at the same time. The aim of present work is to investigate the anticancer activities and hemocompatibility of nanoformulations consisting of ceragenin CSA-131 united with aminosilanemodified iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and prepared by 1) covalent bonding (MNP@CSA-131) or 2) by combining CSA-131 with MNP in 1:1 ratio (CSA-131 + MNP). Possible synergistic interactions between CSA-131 and magnetic nanoparticles were also quantified.Methods: MNP@CSA-131 and CSA-131+MNP were tested in vitro against selected lung and colon cancer cells using colorimetric, fluorimetric and flow cytometry methods.Results: Performed analysis demonstrates that MNP-based nanosystems significantly improve the killing efficiency of tested ceragenin, decreasing the viability of extra 1.37±4.72% to 76.07±15.30% cancer cells when compared to free CSA-131. Quantification of synergistic effects indicates the favorable interactions between CSA-131 and magnetic nanoparticles (CI < 1 for all tested doses), revealing at the same time a reduction in effective doses of ceragenin from 1.17 ±0.61 to 34.57 ± 12.78 times when combined with MNP. We demonstrate that both MNP@CSA131 and CSA-131+MNP induce significantly apoptosis of cancer cells and prevent the division of colon cancer cells even at relatively low doses of the active compound (10 µg/mL). Importantly, combining CSA-131 with MNP decreases the hemolytic activity of free ceragenin 4.72 to 7.88 times, which indicates a considerable improvement of hemotoxicity profile.Conclusion: Comparative analyses have revealed that both developed CSA-containing nanoformulations due to the utility of synergistic interactions between MNP and CSA-131, which are effective against lung and colon cancer cells. This indicates the new directions in preparation of MNP-based therapeutics, which are relatively easy to synthetize, costeffective and safe when intravenously administrated.This work was financially supported by grants from the National Science Centre, Poland (UMO-2015/19/N/NZ6/01872 to EP) and Medical University of Bialystok (SUB/1/DN/19/001/1162 to RB). Part of the study was conducted with the use of equipment purchased by the Medical University of Białystok as part of the RPOWP 2007-2013 funding, Priority I, Axis 1.1, contract No. UDA- RPPD.01.01.00-20-001/15-00 dated 26.06.2015. The synthesis and physicochemical analysis of magnetic nanoparticles and MNP-based compounds were performed in the Centre of Synthesis and Analysis BioNanoTechno of the University of Bialystok (POPW.01.03.00-20-034/09-00 and POPW.01.03.00-20-004/11 projects). This work was supported by the program of the Minister of Science and Higher Education under the name “Regional Initiative of Excellence in 2019-2022", project number: 024/RID/2018/19, financing amount: 11.999.000,00 PLN. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Robert Bucki: [email protected] Piktel - Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of BialystokKarolina H. Markiewicz - Faculty of Chemistry, University of BialystokAgnieszka Z. Wilczewska - Faculty of Chemistry, University of BialystokTamara Daniluk - Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of BialystokSylwia Chmielewska - Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of BialystokKatarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska - Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of BialystokJoanna Mystkowska - Department of Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Białystok University of TechnologyPaulina Paprocka - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in KielcePaul B. Savage - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young UniversityRobert Bucki - Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in KielceFelício MR, Silva ON, Gonçalves S, Santos NC, Franco OL. Peptides with dual antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Front Chem. 2017;5:5. doi:10.3389/fchem.2017.00005Deslouches B, Di YP. Antimicrobial peptides with selective antitumor mechanisms: prospect for anticancer applications. Oncotarget. 2017;8(28):46635–46651. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.16743Baxter AA, Lay FT, Poon IKH, Kvansakul M, Hulett MD. Tumor cell membrane-targeting cationic antimicrobial peptides: novel insights into mechanisms of action and therapeutic prospects. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017;74(20):3809–3825. doi:10.1007/s00018-017-2604-zPiktel E, Prokop I, Wnorowska U, et al. 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Terrorism as an element urban public space making

Terroryzm zaliczany jest do grupy największych wyzwań o charakterze globalnym. Zagrożenie terrorystyczne znacząco wpływa na funkcjonowanie aparatu państwowego i regula-cje prawne, a także powoduje istotne zmiany w sposobach funkcjonowania i kształtowania miast, zwłaszcza tych największych, które w głównej mierze stają się obiektem ataków. Niniej-szy artykuł ma na celu ukazanie związków istniejących pomiędzy współczesną falą międzyna-rodowego terroryzmu a miejską przestrzenią publiczną. Artykuł przedstawia najważniejsze kwestie związane z charakterystyką współczesnego terroryzmu, jego cele oraz strategie działa-nia. Omówiono również pojęcie terroryzmu z uwzględnieniem jego klasyfikacji. Ukazano wpływ, jaki terroryzm wywiera na kształtowanie współczesnego środowiska zurbanizowanego, jak i całej przestrzeni publicznej. Rozważania oparte są na przykładzie polskiej przestrzeni pu-blicznej oraz możliwości jej dostosowania do realnych zagrożeń terrorystycznych, w świetle obecnie panującej sytuacji na arenie europejskiej.Terrorism is classified as one of the biggest global challenges. Terrorism threat significantly affects the state apparatus and the legal regulations. Moreover, it causes substantial changes in functioning and forming urban space. These kind of changes are especially ob-served in the largest cities, which are mostly exposed to terrorism attacks. This article is aimed at presenting connection between modern wave of international terrorism and urban public space. The paper presents the most important issues of modern terrorism characteristic, objects and strategies. Also, different concepts of terrorism including its classification have been discussed. The article shows terrorism influence not only on forming of the modern ur-ban environment but also on the whole public space. The considerations are based on polish public space and its capacity, to take all reasonable steps to fight against real terrorist dangers, in face of the present situation in Europe

Nanomechanical Hallmarks of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Pediatric Patients

Background: the molecular mechanism of gastric cancer development related to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has not been fully understood, and further studies are still needed. Information regarding nanomechanical aspects of pathophysiological events that occur during H. pylori infection can be crucial in the development of new prevention, treatment, and diagnostic measures against clinical consequences associated with H. pylori infection, including gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer. Methods: in this study, we assessed mechanical properties of children’s healthy and H. pylori positive stomach tissues and the mechanical response of human gastric cells exposed to heat-treated H. pylori cells using atomic force microscopy (AFM NanoWizard 4 BioScience JPK Instruments Bruker). Elastic modulus (i.e., the Young’s modulus) was derived from the Hertz–Sneddon model applied to force-indentation curves. Human tissue samples were evaluated using rapid urease tests to identify H. pylori positive samples, and the presence of H. pylori cells in those samples was confirmed using immunohistopathological staining. Results and conclusion: collected data suggest that nanomechanical properties of infected tissue might be considered as markers indicated H. pylori presence since infected tissues are softer than uninfected ones. At the cellular level, this mechanical response is at least partially mediated by cell cytoskeleton remodeling indicating that gastric cells are able to tune their mechanical properties when subjected to the presence of H. pylori products. Persistent fluctuations of tissue mechanical properties in response to H. pylori infection might, in the long-term, promote induction of cancer development

Designing Multi-Modal Embedding Fusion-Based Recommender

Recommendation systems have lately been popularised globally. However, often they need to be adapted to particular data and the use case. We have developed a machine learning-based recommendation system, which can be easily applied to almost any items and/or actions domain. Contrary to existing recommendation systems, our system supports multiple types of interaction data with various modalities of metadata through a multi-modal fusion of different data representations. We deployed the system into numerous e-commerce stores, e.g., food and beverages, shoes, fashion items, and telecom operators. We present our system and its main algorithms for data representations and multi-modal fusion. We show benchmark results on open datasets that outperform the state-of-the-art prior work. We also demonstrate use cases for different e-commerce sites

Cathelicidin LL-37 in Health and Diseases of the Oral Cavity

The mechanisms for maintaining oral cavity homeostasis are subject to the constant influence of many environmental factors, including various chemicals and microorganisms. Most of them act directly on the oral mucosa, which is the mechanical and immune barrier of the oral cavity, and such interaction might lead to the development of various oral pathologies and systemic diseases. Two important players in maintaining oral health or developing oral pathology are the oral microbiota and various immune molecules that are involved in controlling its quantitative and qualitative composition. The LL-37 peptide is an important molecule that upon release from human cathelicidin (hCAP-18) can directly perform antimicrobial action after insertion into surface structures of microorganisms and immunomodulatory function as an agonist of different cell membrane receptors. Oral LL-37 expression is an important factor in oral homeostasis that maintains the physiological microbiota but is also involved in the development of oral dysbiosis, infectious diseases (including viral, bacterial, and fungal infections), autoimmune diseases, and oral carcinomas. This peptide has also been proposed as a marker of inflammation severity and treatment outcome