STUDY OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF MILK FOR CHEESE PRODUCTION

The article shows that the studied samples of raw milk in terms of composition (mass fraction of fat, protein, lactose and milk solids-not-fat) met the criteria of suitability for cheese, and its physic-chemical properties (titratable acidity, density, freezing point) were within acceptable limits. Moreover, rennet sample corresponded to the first and second classes. It was proved that the number of spores of lactating fermenting microorganisms met the requirements for milk for the production of any kind of cheese. It was established that the fatty acid composition of raw cow’s milk used to produce cheeses at various enterprises varied significantly. The data indicate the variability of the content of all groups of fatty acids — low molecular weight, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. As a result of gas chromatography studies using the chromatographic complex «Chromos GX-1000» with a flame ionization detector and a CP 88 quartz capillary column — Sil 88 for FAME100 m × 0.25 mm × 0.2 µm, it was found that the largest absolute fluctuations were for saturated (± 7.03 % of the average value) and monounsaturated fatty acids (± 3.77 % of the average value). Absolute fluctuations in the group of low molecular weight fatty acids amounted to ± 2.62 %, and in the group of polyunsaturated — ± 1.02 % of the average value. The calculation of the relative deviation showed that the most varied groups were the ones of low molecular weight fatty acids (± 28.40 rel.%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (± 25.11 rel.%). At the same time, a relatively high content of certain fatty acids: myristoleic, palmitic, palmitoleic and low levels of stearic and oleic fatty acids, was revealed in individual milk samples.The article shows that the studied samples of raw milk in terms of composition (mass fraction of fat, protein, lactose and milk solids-not-fat) met the criteria of suitability for cheese, and its physic-chemical properties (titratable acidity, density, freezing point) were within acceptable limits. Moreover, rennet sample corresponded to the first and second classes. It was proved that the number of spores of lactating fermenting microorganisms met the requirements for milk for the production of any kind of cheese. It was established that the fatty acid composition of raw cow’s milk used to produce cheeses at various enterprises varied significantly. The data indicate the variability of the content of all groups of fatty acids — low molecular weight, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. As a result of gas chromatography studies using the chromatographic complex «Chromos GX-1000» with a flame ionization detector and a CP 88 quartz capillary column — Sil 88 for FAME100 m × 0.25 mm × 0.2 µm, it was found that the largest absolute fluctuations were for saturated (± 7.03 % of the average value) and monounsaturated fatty acids (± 3.77 % of the average value). Absolute fluctuations in the group of low molecular weight fatty acids amounted to ± 2.62 %, and in the group of polyunsaturated — ± 1.02 % of the average value. The calculation of the relative deviation showed that the most varied groups were the ones of low molecular weight fatty acids (± 28.40 rel.%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (± 25.11 rel.%). At the same time, a relatively high content of certain fatty acids: myristoleic, palmitic, palmitoleic and low levels of stearic and oleic fatty acids, was revealed in individual milk samples

Subjective well-being as a result of the realization of projects of the elderly's involvement into the social life

The paper analyses the subjective well-being and Successful Aging concepts. Unbiased analysis of such conditions is rather problematic by virtue of such facts as time-specific emotional state, climate of residence, culture, current developments and etc. The study concludes that there is no correlation between subjective well-being and economic health or objective socioeconomic factors. The subjective well-being is influenced in most cases by subjective factors: one’s health status satisfaction, financial situation, the level of self-reliance or independence, family interaction and other human relations. But the main factor is the recognition of their mission by the elderly which places the faith and hope in their future modeling. Two categories of the elderly are sorted out for the study: the involved and noninvolved in social activity. The research concludes that any formal or informal activity of the elderly is one of the main factors of the successful aging. Pursuit of activities is uncharacteristic for noninvolved in social activity elderly people. The paper analyses the projects organized and implemented by not only the elderly people themselves but also state and social structures.. Conducted analysis indicates that the level of subjective well-being of the two categories of the elderly is increasing as the result of these projects realization

Insulin-producing system at diabetes mellitus type 2

In T2D deficiency of insulin can be compensated for by the formation of new cells, producing insulin. Reprogramming of hepatocytes and cells of exocrine part of the pancreas into insulin+ cells is a potentially approach to generate new insulin-producing cells. An increase both the number of insulin+ hepatocytes and quantity in them of a transcription factor PDX1, which regulates expression of insulin gene, is a perspective way in in the development of new methods and approaches in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.The research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project № 16-15-00039 –П)

NEW DATA ON AGE AND NATURE OF CARBONIZATION WITHIN SOUTHERN FLANK OF THE BAIKAL LEDGE OF THE SIBERIAN CRATON BASEMENT

The Baikal ledge rock formations in the Siberian craton structure are included in the Akitkan mobile belt which is considered as the Late Paleoproterozoic independent island arc system moved up to the ancient basement during the terrains amalgamation 1.91–2.00 Ga ago (Fig. 1) [Rosen, 2003; Gladkochub et al., 2009; Didenko et al., 2013].The Baikal ledge rock formations in the Siberian craton structure are included in the Akitkan mobile belt which is considered as the Late Paleoproterozoic independent island arc system moved up to the ancient basement during the terrains amalgamation 1.91–2.00 Ga ago (Fig. 1) [Rosen, 2003; Gladkochub et al., 2009; Didenko et al., 2013]

Wärmeübertragung in Plattenverdampfern unterschiedlicher Geometrie

Plattenverdampfer können in zahlreichen Fällen als Verdampfer in Kältemaschinen eingesetzt werden. Sie zeichnen sich durch geringe Größe, geringes Gewicht und starke Wärmeübertragung aus. Um die optimale Geometrie des Kanalquerschnitts herauszufinden und zur Aufstellung eines Berechnungsverfahrens wurden Untersuchungen des Wärmeübergangs und des hydraulischen Widerstands beim Sieden von Kältemitteln in 12 flachen Kanälen verschiedener Abmessungen durchgeführt. Ebenso umfassend untersucht wurden Wärmeübergang, Wärmedurchgang und hydraulischer Widerstand seitens Kältemittel und Kälteträger an vier Modellen von Plattenverdampfern mit geriffelten Kanälen

Experimentelle Untersuchung des Wärmeübergangs beim Sieden von R 22 und R 717 an verschiedenartigen Oberflächen in horizontalen Rohrbündelverdampfern

Beschrieben werden die Ergebnisse der experimentellen Untersuchungen des Wärmeübergangs beim Sieden von Kältemitteln an horizontalen Rohren mit verschiedenartigen Oberflächen. Die Heizwirkung der untersuchten Oberflächen wird verglichen. Desweiteren werden die Ergebnisse von Versuchen beschrieben, die sich mit den Verwendungseigenschaften der Wärmeübergangsflächen befassen: Hystereseerscheinungen im Bereich des nicht ausgebildeten Siedens; Einfluß glatter, untereinander angeordneter Rohre; Einfluß eines Horizontal-rohrbündels auf den Wärmeübergang einzeln ausgewählter Rohre in einer jeden waagrechten Reihe. Angegeben werden die Versuchsdaten, bei denen eine starke Zunahme (um mehr als das 2fache) auf die Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten in den oberen Reihen von Glattrohrbündeln festgestellt wurde, verglichen mit den unteren Reihen. Es wird nachgewiesen, daß der Intensivierungsgrad des Wärmeübergangs nach Aufbringen einer porösen Schicht mit zunehmender Anzahl horizontaler Rohrreihen im Bündel abnimmt

Macroscopic criteria for the deformation and fracture of iron based alloys

In the article the deformation of different steels is analyzed using the autowave theory of plasticity. The article considers the possible use of an autowave model to formulate criteria for the structural strength of materials and elastic-plastic transition. The time and place of future fracture for steel samples are shown can be predicted before visible necking takes place by using the kinetic dependencies of localized plasticity domains at the prefracture stage. The results show that during elastic-plastic transition in lowcarbon steel, there is the break of the curve for the ultrasound velocity versus deformation, which can serve as an acoustic criterion of irreversible deformation for the pressure treatment of metals, the operation and nondestructive testing of products and structures

The study of professional burnout syndrome in specialists of the department of anaesthesiology and intensive care

Objective was to determine the presence and the main manifestations of professional burnout syndrome among intensive care doctors and nurses from the department of anesthesiology and intensive care. Material and methods. Resuscitators and secondary medical staff were asked to pass a questionnaire, which included a survey by V.V. Boyko «Emotional burnout», a test by C. Spielberger in the modification Y.A. Hanin, the technique of Munsterberg. Results and discussion. Professional burnout syndrome is typical for 55 % of resuscitators and 35 % of mid-level medical staff of the department of anaesthesiology and intensive care of the pediatric University clinic. As for the respondents of the first group, the presence of the «resistance» phase is characteristic, while the second group has the «resistance» and «exhaustion» phases. According to the Spielberger scale, both groups have a middle degree of situational and personal anxiety. The Munsterberg method found that selectiveness and concentration of attention before and after the daily shift is more decreased in resuscitators. Conclusion. High rates of susceptibility of specialists of the department of anaesthesiology and intensive care to the formation of professional burnout syndrome, which affects their psychological health, were established. It is necessary to develop appropriate measures to prevent this occurrence