58 research outputs found
ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π«Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ―Π₯
Over the past 20 years there have been significant changes in the customer requirements for housing in the countries of the former USSR. Besides, new materials and construction products, such as the ones for sealed windows and balcony doors have appeared in the market. The number of vacant flats with the heating off in the winter significantly increased that may cause condensation on the surfaces of interroom partitions and the formation of mold. Meanwhile, the requirements for lower energy consumption are constantly increasing, that is especially pronouncedly manifested in the growth of normative values of thermal resistance of enclosing structures of buildings and in the increased interest in the use of secondary energy resources extracted from the air and effluent wastewater. The present article describes the method to prevent moisture condensation on the fencing of adjacent premises with different temperatures containing heating systems and the use of waste heat removed from the room exhaust air. For quick emergency switching of in-house systems of heat and gas supply to outdoor mobile sources of heat and gas it is recommended to install special taps with connectors insulated in special niches in the walls or other parts of buildings considering the possibility of placing them close to the outer mobile sources of heat and gas. In the case of heating the building with the aid of a roof gas boiler or by doorto-door heaters fueled by gas, a single pipeline (collector), equipped with an additional device for the connection of emergency gas supply is being put along the wall. In order to reduce specific heat consumption for heating of buildings it is recommended to increase the net enclosure volume of buildings and to improve their form in various ways, including by combining two or more adjacent low-rise buildings in one secondary building with increasing height and with the broadening of either or each side for modernization and reconstruction. The dimensions of the reconstructed building are accepted as the maximum possible, and their proportions (in any number of merged buildings) β as providing tend of shapes to spherical or equicylindrical, or cubic β in any combination.ΠΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 20 Π»Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
Π±ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π²ΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π°. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ (ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ), ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ) β ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
The impacts of environmental warming on Odonata: a review
Climate change brings with it unprecedented rates of increase in environmental temperature, which will have major consequences for the earth's flora and fauna. The Odonata represent a taxon that has many strong links to this abiotic factor due to its tropical evolutionary history and adaptations to temperate climates. Temperature is known to affect odonate physiology including life-history traits such as developmental rate, phenology and seasonal regulation as well as immune function and the production of pigment for thermoregulation. A range of behaviours are likely to be affected which will, in turn, influence other parts of the aquatic ecosystem, primarily through trophic interactions. Temperature may influence changes in geographical distributions, through a shifting of species' fundamental niches, changes in the distribution of suitable habitat and variation in the dispersal ability of species. Finally, such a rapid change in the environment results in a strong selective pressure towards adaptation to cope and the inevitable loss of some populations and, potentially, species. Where data are lacking for odonates, studies on other invertebrate groups will be considered. Finally, directions for research are suggested, particularly laboratory studies that investigate underlying causes of climate-driven macroecological patterns
Impact of Climate Change on Voltinism and Prospective Diapause Induction of a Global Pest Insect β Cydia pomonella (L.)
Global warming will lead to earlier beginnings and prolongation of growing seasons in temperate regions and will have pronounced effects on phenology and life-history adaptation in many species. These changes were not easy to simulate for actual phenologies because of the rudimentary temporal (season) and spatial (regional) resolution of climate model projections. We investigate the effect of climate change on the regional incidence of a pest insect with nearly worldwide distribution and very high potential for adaptation to season length and temperature β the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella. Seasonal and regional climate change signals were downscaled to the hourly temporal scale of a pest phenology model and the spatial scale of pest habitats using a stochastic weather generator operating at daily scale in combination with a re-sampling approach for simulation of hourly weather data. Under future conditions of increased temperatures (2045β2074), the present risk of below 20% for a pronounced second generation (peak larval emergence) in Switzerland will increase to 70β100%. The risk of an additional third generation will increase from presently 0β2% to 100%. We identified a significant two-week shift to earlier dates in phenological stages, such as overwintering adult flight. The relative extent (magnitude) of first generation pupae and all later stages will significantly increase. The presence of first generation pupae and later stages will be prolonged. A significant decrease in the length of overlap of first and second generation larval emergence was identified. Such shifts in phenology may induce changes in life-history traits regulating the life cycle. An accordingly life-history adaptation in photoperiodic diapause induction to shorter day-length is expected and would thereby even more increase the risk of an additional generation. With respect to Codling Moth management, the shifts in phenology and voltinism projected here will require adaptations of plant protection strategies to maintain their sustainability
SOME SPECIFIC FEATURES OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN MODERN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Over the past 20 years there have been significant changes in the customer requirements for housing in the countries of the former USSR. Besides, new materials and construction products, such as the ones for sealed windows and balcony doors have appeared in the market. The number of vacant flats with the heating off in the winter significantly increased that may cause condensation on the surfaces of interroom partitions and the formation of mold. Meanwhile, the requirements for lower energy consumption are constantly increasing, that is especially pronouncedly manifested in the growth of normative values of thermal resistance of enclosing structures of buildings and in the increased interest in the use of secondary energy resources extracted from the air and effluent wastewater. The present article describes the method to prevent moisture condensation on the fencing of adjacent premises with different temperatures containing heating systems and the use of waste heat removed from the room exhaust air. For quick emergency switching of in-house systems of heat and gas supply to outdoor mobile sources of heat and gas it is recommended to install special taps with connectors insulated in special niches in the walls or other parts of buildings considering the possibility of placing them close to the outer mobile sources of heat and gas. In the case of heating the building with the aid of a roof gas boiler or by doorto-door heaters fueled by gas, a single pipeline (collector), equipped with an additional device for the connection of emergency gas supply is being put along the wall. In order to reduce specific heat consumption for heating of buildings it is recommended to increase the net enclosure volume of buildings and to improve their form in various ways, including by combining two or more adjacent low-rise buildings in one secondary building with increasing height and with the broadening of either or each side for modernization and reconstruction. The dimensions of the reconstructed building are accepted as the maximum possible, and their proportions (in any number of merged buildings) β as providing tend of shapes to spherical or equicylindrical, or cubic β in any combination
Lepidopterous fauna of the USSR and adjacent countries : a collection of papers dedicated to professor Alexsandr Sergeevich Danilevskii /
Induction of diapause by clock proteins period and timeless via changes in PTTH and ecdysteroid titer in the sugar beet moth, Scrobipalpa ocellatella
Variation in the intensity of diapause in winter eggs of fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ultni
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