Study of dose-dependent effect of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3 hydroxypyridine succinate on the contractile function of isolated rat heat

In experiments on the isolated rat heart there were studied the effects of different doses (21.43 mg/kg/day and 85 . 72 mg/kg/day) 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3 hydroxypy ridine succinate ("EkoPharmInvest", Russia), on the contractile function of isolated hearts subjected to prior doxorubicin model (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) of pathology. The dynamic of the power mechanisms of ion transport was evaluated by imposing high h eart rate (480 BPM) and increase concentration of Са2+ to 5 mmol in perfusat

Spectral multiplicity for powers of weakly mixing automorphisms

We study the behavior of maximal multiplicities $mm (R^n)$ for the powers of a weakly mixing automorphism $R$. For some special infinite set $A$ we show the existence of a weakly mixing rank-one automorphism $R$ such that $mm (R^n)=n$ and $mm(R^{n+1}) =1$ for all $n\in A$. Moreover, the cardinality $cardm(R^n)$ of the set of spectral multiplicities for $R^n$ is not bounded. We have $cardm(R^{n+1})=1$ and $cardm(R^n)=2^{m(n)}$, $m(n)\to\infty$, $n\in A$. We also construct another weakly mixing automorphism $R$ with the following properties: $mm(R^{n}) =n$ for $n=1,2,3,..., 2009, 2010$ but $mm(T^{2011}) =1$, all powers $(R^{n})$ have homogeneous spectrum, and the set of limit points of the sequence $\{\frac{mm (R^n)}{n} : n\in \N \}$ is infinite

Doping awareness among amateur adolescent athletes

Objective: to determine the level of awareness of the doping issues among adolescents aged 10–19 years who are engaged in amateur sports as a part of high performance sport.Materials and methods: a special survey of 106 respondents was conducted to assess attitudes towards doping and the level of awareness in anti-doping issues. The average age of the respondents was 17.33 ± 1.54 years.Results: despite the fact that 96 % of the respondents stated that they know what doping is, generally, there is a low level of awareness among young athletes in anti-doping issues. One fourth of the respondents can justify the use of doping, only 13.2 % of adolescents believe that winning a competition with the use of doping can be considered as a well-deserved victory. More than 56 % of the respondents do not warn medical staff that they are athletes, only 32.1 % of adolescents are interested in whether medications prescribed or taken by themselves are included in the prohibited list. The study found that the main sources of information on anti-doping rules for adolescent athletes are television (64.1 %) and specialized websites (47.2 %).Conclusion: the study results revealed the need to popularize information on anti-doping issues. Educational programs should be carried out taking into account the psychological and emotional characteristics of adolescents and include actively promoting doping awareness both using conventional media and new media resources, such as the Internet and social networks

Experimental study of new derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine as pharmacological agents for the correction of ischemic brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage

Limiting the action of secondary injury factors can improve the prognosis in acute cerebral accidents. The aim of the investigation is to study the neuroprotective effects of 3-hydroxypyridine derivative

Влияние лазерной иридэктомии на анатомо-функциональные показатели при первичной закрытоугольной глаукоме с относительным зрачковым блоком

PURPOSE: To research the effect of laser peripheral iridectomy (LPI) on anatomical, topographical and functional indicators in primary angle-closure glaucoma with relative pupillary block. METHODS: We examined 20 patients (34 eyes) with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and relative pupillary block. Stages of glaucoma: I - 28 eyes, II - 3 eyes and III - 3 eyes. Ophthalmologic examination included viso- metry, biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, tonometry, perimetry, ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound biometry. All patients underwent a single-stage LPI with the use of laser Nd:YAG SYL-9000 Premio (“LightMed”, Taiwan). To investigate the depth and volume of the anterior chamber we used Pentacam HR (“Oculus”, Germany). To investigate anatomic and topographic relationships of anterior chamber angle and iridocilliary zone structures we used ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) on UBM Hi-scan (“Optikon”, Italy). Obtained measurements included the anterior chamber depth (ACD), trabecular-iris angle (TIA), trabecular-iris distance at 500 micrometers (TID), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD), iris-ciliary processes distance (ICPD), cross-sectional area posterior chamber. We measured viscoelastic properties of the corneoscleral capsule of the eye and intraocular pressure with Ocular Response Analyzer (“Reichert”, США). RESULTS: LPI in patients with relative pupillary block in PACG leads to an increase in anterior chamber volume by 19.57 mm3 on average and practically doesn’t change its depth. According to UBM an increase in the TIA was noted in all cases after LPI, on average by 17.49° temporally, and 16.52° nasally; TID increased on average by 0.21 microns from the temporal and 0.18 microns from the nasal side; TCPD increased on average by 0.09 microns from the temporal and 0.07 microns from the nasal side; ICPD decreased on average by 0.08 microns from the temporal and 0.12 microns from the nasal side. After LPI posterior chamber cross-sectional area decreased by 0.25 mm2 temporally and 0.27 mm2 nasally. LPI lead to intraocular pressure lowering of 3.29 mm Hg on average. CONCLUSION: UBM revealed specific anatomic and topographic features of the iridocilliary zone structures, inherent relative pupillary block in PACG, and their change after LPI. Increase of TIA and TID values, decrease of ICPD and the posterior chamber cross-sectional area values explain the increase in anterior chamber volume and the invariance of its depth reference value. LPI carried out in at patients with PACG and relative pupillary block, leads to an improvement of the functional space of the iridocilliary zone structures and a decrease in perfusion pressure.ЦЕЛЬ. Изучить влияние лазерной иридэктомии на анатомо-топографические и функциональные показатели при первичной закрытоугольной глаукоме с относительным зрачковым блоком. МЕТОДЫ. Обследовали 20 пациентов (34 глаза) с первичной закрытоугольной глаукомой (ПЗУГ) и относительным зрачковым блоком: 1-я стадия - 28 глаз, 2-я - 3 глаза, 3-я - 3 глаза. Офтальмологическое обследование включало визометрию, биомикроскопию, гониоскопию, тонометрию, периметрию, ультразвуковую биометрию. Всем пациентам выполняли одномоментную лазерную ирид- эктомию (ЛИРЭ) с использованием излучения Nd:YAG лазера SYL-9000 Premio («LightMed», Taiwan). Для исследования глубины и объема передней камеры глаза использовали Pentacam HR («Oculus», Germany). Для исследования анатомо-топографического взаимоотношения структур угла передней камеры и иридоцилиар- ной зоны проводили ультразвуковую биомикроскопию (УБМ) с использованием прибора UBM Hi-scan («Optikon», Italy). Измеряли следующие параметры: глубину передней камеры, угол передней камеры (УПК), дистанцию «трабекула - радужка» 500 мкм, дистанцию «трабекула - цилиарные отростки», дистанцию «радужка - цилиарные отростки», площадь сечения задней камеры. Исследование вязко-эластических свойств фиброзной оболочки глаза и внутриглазного давления (ВГД) выполняли с помощью динамической двунаправленной пневмоаппланации роговицы Ocular Response Analyser («Reichert», США). РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Профилактическая ЛИРЭ у пациентов с относительным зрачковым блоком при ПЗУГ приводит к увеличению объема передней камеры в среднем на 19,57 мм3 и практически не влияет на изменение её глубины. По данным УБМ, во всех случаях после ЛИРЭ отмечали увеличение УПК с височной стороны в среднем на 17,49°, с носовой - на 16,52°; дистанция «трабекула - радужка» увеличилась в среднем на 0,21 мкм с височной и на 0,18 мкм с носовой стороны; дистанция «трабекула - цилиарные отростки» в среднем увеличилась на 0,09 мкм с височной и на 0,07 мкм с носовой стороны; дистанция «радужка - цилиарные отростки» уменьшилась в среднем на 0,08 мкм с височной и на 0,12 мкм с носовой стороны. После ЛИРЭ площадь сечения задней камеры уменьшилась на 0,25 мм2 с височной и на 0,27 мм2 с носовой стороны. ЛИРЭ приводит к снижению ВГД в среднем на 3,29 мм рт.ст. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Выявленные методом УБМ специфические анатомо-топографические соотношения структур иридоцилиарной зоны, присущие относительному зрачковому блоку при ПЗУГ, и их изменение после проведения профилактической ЛИРЭ: открытие УПК передней камеры и увеличение дистанции «трабекула - радужка», уменьшение дистанции «радужка - цилиарные отростки» и площади задней камеры - позволяют объяснить увеличение объема передней камеры при сохранении исходного значения ее глубины. Профилактическая ЛИРЭ, выполненная при относительном зрачковом блоке у пациентов с ПЗУГ, приводит к улучшению функционального пространства структур иридоцилиарной зоны и к снижению ВГД

Non-compaction and dilated cardiomyopathy: genotypic, phenotypic and prognostic differences

Aim. To study and compare genotypic and phenotypic signs in patients with non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), to conduct a comparative analysis of clinical outcomes and 5-year cumulative survival of patients with NCM and DCM.Material and methods. The study included 144 unrelated patients with cardiomyopathy: NCM (n=74) and DCM (n=70). Mean age was 39 [30; 49] years (men, 96 (66,7%); left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 30,5 [24; 46]%. A comprehensive clinical examination included electrocardiography, Holter monitoring, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, coronary angiography, DNA diagnostics (NGS+Sanger), cascade screening, and cosegregation analysis. To assess clinical outcomes, the NCM group was divided into 2 subtypes according to baseline LV systolic function (NCM/DCM phenotype — 50 individuals with LVEF ≤49%; and isolated NCM — 24 patients with LVEF ≥50%). The following adverse events were assessed as the composite endpoint: cardiovascular death, heart transplantation (HT), sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cerebral thromboembolism. The follow-up period was 62 months.Results. Among patients with LVEF ≤49% at a 5-year follow-up, 37 (74,0%) of 50 patients with the NCM/DCM phenotype and 41 (58,6%) of 70 patients with DCM achieved composite endpoint. Out of 24 patients with NCM with LVEF ≥50% (median LVEF, 56 [51; 61]%), 2 (8,3%) patients achieved composite endpoint (χ2=28,8; p=0,001). In the NCM/DCM group with LVEF ≤49%, a higher level of pathogenic genetic variants (64% vs 41,4%/DCM vs 29,2%/NCM; χ2=11,4; p=0,003), cerebral thromboembolism (χ2=11,8; p=0,003) and HT (χ2=10,6; p=0,005). The results of the 5-year survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier) showed a worse prognosis for NCM with LVEF ≤49% compared with DCM (log rang: χ2=11,5; p=0,001) and isolated NCM (log rang: χ2=17,02; p=0,0001). In the overall cohort (n=144), gene-positivity was also associated with worse prognosis (log rang: χ2=5,38; p=0,02).Conclusion. In the present study, patients with dilated subtype of NCM showed a worse prognosis compared with DCM and isolated NCM. Heart failure progression and cerebral thromboembolism were the most common complications in patients with NCM/DCM

Genetic risk factors for dilated cardiomyopathy

Aim. To study the diagnostic significance of genetic testing in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), identify predictors of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTAs) and assess adverse clinical outcomes in different genetic groups.Material and methods. The study included 126 unrelated patients with verified DCM as follows: 70 (55,6%) probands with criteria for familial DCM and 56 (44,4%) individuals with a probable hereditary component. All patients (age, 43,1±11,3 years; men, 92 (73%); left ventricular ejection fraction, 30,6±8,43%; left ventricular enddiastolic diameter, 68,3±8,36 mm; follow-up period — median, 49 months) receive a complex of diagnostic investigations, including genetic screening using nextgeneration sequencing, followed by verification of variants by the Sanger method.Results. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic genetic variants were found in 61 (48,4%) of 126 patients with DCM. The dominant mutations were titin-truncating variants (TTNtvs), identified in 16 individuals (12,7%), and variants of lamin A/C (LMNA), identified in 13 probands (10,3%). Mutations in the other 19 genes were found in 32 (25,4%) patients. The following primary endpoints were assessed: sudden cardiac death (SCD), episodes of VTA (sustained ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation) and appropriate shocks of implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)/cardioverter defibrillators (CVD) devices. As a result of ROC analysis, the following independent risk factors for SCD were identified: mutations in the LMNA gene (AUC, 0,760; p=0,0001) and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (cut-off heart rate ≥161 bpm: AUC, 0,788; p=0,0001). When comparing the phenotypes and genotypes of DCM, TTNtv genotype was associated with a lower prevalence of complete left bundle branch block (χ2=7,46; p=0,024), a lower need for CRT/CVD implantation (χ2=5,70; p=0,017) and more rare episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (χ2=30,1; p=0,0001) compared with LMNA carriers. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the worst prognosis in carriers of LMNA mutations both in relation to life-threatening VTA (log rang χ2=88,5; p=0,0001) and in achieving all unfavorable outcomes (χ2=27,8; p=0,0001) compared with groups of genenegative individuals, carriers of TTNtv and other genotypes.Conclusion. The phenotypes of DCM with TTNtv did not significantly differ in the incidence of VTAs and adverse outcomes compared with the gene-negative group and other genotypes (with the exception of LMNA). The contribution of the associations of LMNA mutations with VTAs on prognosis was confirmed, which shows the important role of LMNA genotype diagnosis for SCD risk stratification in patients with DCM

Comparative study of the pharmacological effects of Venarus Plus, Venarus, and Detralex on L-NAME-induced endothelial dysfunction, venous tone and platelet aggregation

In the present study we compared the pharmacological activity of Venarus Plus, Venarus and Detralex 1000 mg on the reversion of endothelial dysfunction (ED), and on the effect on venous tone, vascular permeability, and platelet aggregation. We used 150 Wistar male rats, weighing 180-220 g, and 80 adult albino rabbits weighing 2800 - 3200