Urban Housing: Kansas City, Missouri

This inner city housing scheme is located in Quality Hill, an affluent residential neighborhood during the late 19th and early 20th centuries

Deflection of rigid frames stressed beyond the yield point

The investigation presents a method of analysis of a rigid frame built of mild steel, when the horizontal beam member is stressed beyond the yield point of the material. The frame is a \u27U\u27 type made up of rectangular members with welded joints. Prediction equations have been developed for deflections, frame spread, angle changes of the joints, moments, and sheers. Deflections, frame spread, angle changes, and moments have been measured and compared with predicted values;A restrained beam of mild steel, rectangular in cross section, was tested with a concentrated load at the center and equal moments on the ends, and the deflections measured. Prediction equations of deflection have been developed and compared with measured values of deflection;Testing method and procedure have been developed for a rigid frame and a restrained beam, involving ductile behavior, for use in the laboratory

That\u27s Where My Money Goes / music by R. P. Lilly; words by Walter Daniels

Cover: drawing of three African American males playing dice on a dockyard, while a banjo player sings nearby; photo inset of Reg. Merville; Publisher: Joe Morris Music Co. (New York)https://egrove.olemiss.edu/sharris_b/1006/thumbnail.jp

Neural correlates of acute post-traumatic dissociation:a functional neuroimaging script-driven imagery study

Background: Current neurobiological models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assume excessive medial frontal activation and hypoactivation of cortico-limbic regions as neural markers of post-traumatic dissociation. Script-driven imagery is an established experimental paradigm that is used to study acute dissociative reactions during trauma exposure. However, there is a scarcity of experimental research investigating neural markers of dissociation; findings from existing script-driven neuroimaging studies are inconsistent and based on small sample sizes. Aims: The current aim was to identify the neural correlates of acute post-traumatic dissociation by employing the script-driven imagery paradigm in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Method: Functional neuroimaging data was acquired in 51 female patients with PTSD with a history of interpersonal childhood trauma. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent response during the traumatic (versus neutral) autobiographical memory recall was analysed, and the derived activation clusters were correlated with dissociation measures. Results: During trauma recall, enhanced activation in the cerebellum, occipital gyri, supramarginal gyrus and amygdala was identified. None of the derived clusters correlated significantly with dissociative symptoms, although patients reported increased levels of acute dissociation following the paradigm. Conclusions: The present study is one of the largest functional magnetic resonance imaging investigations of dissociative neural biomarkers in patients with PTSD undergoing experimentally induced trauma confrontation to elicit symptom-specific brain reactivity. In light of the current reproducibility crisis prominent in neuroimaging research owing to costly and time-consuming data acquisition, the current (null) findings highlight the difficulty of extracting reliable neurobiological biomarkers for complex subjective experiences such as dissociation

The dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with subcortical white matter network alterations

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal while patients of the dissociative subtype (PTSD-D) experience additional dissociative symptoms. A neurobiological model proposes hyper-inhibition of limbic structures mediated by prefrontal cortices to underlie dissociation in PTSD. Here, we tested whether functional alterations in fronto-limbic circuits are underpinned by white matter network abnormalities on a network level. 23 women with PTSD-D and 19 women with classic PTSD participated. We employed deterministic diffusion tractography and graph theoretical analyses. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was chosen as a network weight and group differences assessed using network-based statistics. No significant white matter network alterations comprising both frontal and limbic structures in PTSD-D relative to classic PTSD were found. A subsequent whole brain exploratory analysis revealed relative FA alterations in PTSD-D in two subcortical networks, comprising connections between the left amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus as well as links between the left ventral diencephalon, putamen, and pallidum, respectively. Dissociative symptom severity in the PTSD-D group correlated with FA values within both networks. Our findings suggest fronto-limbic inhibition in PTSD-D may present a dynamic neural process, which is not hard-wired via white matter tracts. Our exploratory results point towards altered fiber tract communication in a limbic-thalamic circuit, which may underlie (a) an initial strong emotional reaction to trauma reminders before conscious regulatory processes are enabled and (b) deficits in early sensory processing. In addition, aberrant structural connectivity in low-level motor regions may present neural correlates for dissociation as a passive threat-response

The Lincoln Story in Stone

This postcard features the Lincoln Story In Stone located at Lincoln Birthplace National Memorial in Indiana.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/5890/thumbnail.jp

The Lincoln Story in Stone

This postcard features the Lincoln Story In Stone located at Lincoln Birthplace National Memorial in Indiana.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/5889/thumbnail.jp

The Stream Biome Gradient Concept: factors controlling lotic systems across broad biogeographic scales

Citation: Dodds, W. K., Gido, K., Whiles, M. R., Daniels, M. D., & Grudzinski, B. P. (2015). The Stream Biome Gradient Concept: factors controlling lotic systems across broad biogeographic scales. Freshwater Science, 34(1), 1-19. doi:10.1086/679756We propose the Stream Biome Gradient Concept as a way to predict macroscale biological patterns in streams. This concept is based on the hypothesis that many abiotic and biotic features of streams change predictably along climate (temperature and precipitation) gradients because of direct influences of climate on hydrology, geomorphology, and interactions mediated by terrestrial vegetation. The Stream Biome Gradient Concept generates testable hypotheses related to continental variation among streams worldwide and allows aquatic scientists to understand how results from one biome might apply to a less-studied biome. Some predicted factors change monotonically across the biome/climate gradients, whereas others have maxima or minima in the central portion of the gradient. For example, predictions across the gradient from drier deserts through grasslands to wetter forests include more permanent flow, less bare ground, lower erosion and sediment transport rates, decreased importance of autochthonous C inputs to food webs, and greater stream animal species richness. In contrast, effects of large ungulate grazers on streams are expected to be greater in grasslands than in forests or deserts, and fire is expected to have weaker effects in grassland streams than in desert and forest streams along biome gradients with changing precipitation and constant latitude or elevation. Understanding historic patterns among biomes can help describe the evolutionary template at relevant biogeographic scales, can be used to broaden other conceptual models of stream ecology, and could lead to better management and conservation across the broadest scales