Presença de Dermatite Atópica em jovens e adultos com estresse psíquico: uma revisão sistemática: Presence of Atopic Dermatitis in young people and adults with psychological stress: a systematic review

O objetivo desse estudo é demonstrar a influência do estresse psíquico em pacientes jovens e adultos com dermatite atópica. A estratégia de busca para o presente artigo teve como base dados advindos do Portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS: por meio de descritores “jovens e adultos, dermatite atópica, estresse psíquico” e o operador booleano “AND", aliado com os critérios de inclusão para busca, referente à textos completos nos últimos 5 anos. Dentre os 46 artigos obtidos inicialmente, apenas 12 seguiram os critérios inclusos, 5 foram excluídos baseado em seu título/resumo, resultando em 7 artigos inclusos. Dessa forma, foi de fato demonstrada uma relação de influência entre o estresse e jovens adultos com diagnóstico de dermatite atópica. Estes mostram uma tendência à somatização, como o desenvolvimento de depressão e ansiedade. O estresse também demonstrou afetar a severidade da doença, visto que contribui para o desencadeamento do ciclo vicioso de coceira, característico da dermatite atópica.                          &nbsp

Novel Hybrid of Typical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shiga-Toxin-Producing E. coli (tEPEC/STEC) Emerging From Pet Birds

Exotic psittacine birds have been implicated as reservoir of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), including enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC). Here, we present a genotypic and phenotypic characterization of typical EPEC/STEC hybrid strains isolated from exotic psittacine birds. The strains were positive for eae, bfpA, and stx2f genes, belong to serotype O137:H6 and ST2678. Two strains were subject to whole genome sequencing, confirming the presence of the virulence factors of both E. coli pathotypes. Phenotypical in vitro tests confirmed their ability to adhere to HeLa cells and cause cytotoxicity to Vero cells. The rabbit ileal loop assays showed the attaching and effacing lesion, in addition to inflammatory process and overproduction of intestinal mucus. This is the first report of hybrid typical EPEC/STEC (O137:H6/ST2678) strains isolated from companion psittacine birds and the results suggest zoonotic risks

E. coli Common pili promote the fitness and virulence of a hybrid aEPEC/ExPEC strain within diverse host environments

ABSTRACTPathogenic subsets of Escherichia coli include diarrheagenic (DEC) strains that cause disease within the gut and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains that are linked with urinary tract infections, bacteremia, and other infections outside of intestinal tract. Among DEC strains is an emergent pathotype known as atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC), which can cause severe diarrhea. Recent sequencing efforts revealed that some E. coli strains possess genetic features that are characteristic of both DEC and ExPEC isolates. BA1250 is a newly reclassified hybrid strain with characteristics of aEPEC and ExPEC. This strain was isolated from a child with diarrhea, but its genetic features indicate that it might have the capacity to cause disease at extraintestinal sites. The spectrum of adhesins encoded by hybrid strains like BA1250 are expected to be especially important in facilitating colonization of diverse niches. E. coli common pilus (ECP) is an adhesin expressed by many E. coli pathogens, but how it impacts hybrid strains has not been ascertained. Here, using zebrafish larvae as surrogate hosts to model both gut colonization and extraintestinal infections, we found that ECP can act as a multi-niche colonization and virulence factor for BA1250. Furthermore, our results indicate that ECP-related changes in activation of envelope stress response pathways may alter the fitness of BA1250. Using an in silico approach, we also delineated the broader repertoire of adhesins that are encoded by BA1250, and provide evidence that the expression of at least a few of these varies in the absence of functional ECP

A long-read sequencing strategy with overlapping linkers on adjacent fragments (OLAF-Seq) for targeted resequencing and enrichment

Abstract In this report, we present OLAF-Seq, a novel strategy to construct a long-read sequencing library such that adjacent fragments are linked with end-terminal duplications. We use the CRISPR-Cas9 nickase enzyme and a pool of multiple sgRNAs to perform non-random fragmentation of targeted long DNA molecules (> 300kb) into smaller library-sized fragments (about 20 kbp) in a manner so as to retain physical linkage information (up to 1000 bp) between adjacent fragments. DNA molecules targeted for fragmentation are preferentially ligated with adaptors for sequencing, so this method can enrich targeted regions while taking advantage of the long-read sequencing platforms. This enables the sequencing of target regions with significantly lower total coverage, and the genome sequence within linker regions provides information for assembly and phasing. We demonstrated the validity and efficacy of the method first using phage and then by sequencing a panel of 100 full-length cancer-related genes (including both exons and introns) in the human genome. When the designed linkers contained heterozygous genetic variants, long haplotypes could be established. This sequencing strategy can be readily applied in both PacBio and Oxford Nanopore platforms for both long and short genes with an easy protocol. This economically viable approach is useful for targeted enrichment of hundreds of target genomic regions and where long no-gap contigs need deep sequencing

Development of a Rapid Agglutination Latex Test for Diagnosis of Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Infection in Developing World: Defining the Biomarker, Antibody and Method

<div><p>Background</p><p>Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EPEC/EHEC) are human intestinal pathogens responsible for diarrhea in both developing and industrialized countries. In research laboratories, EPEC and EHEC are defined on the basis of their pathogenic features; nevertheless, their identification in routine laboratories is expensive and laborious. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to develop a rapid and simple assay for EPEC/EHEC detection. Accordingly, the EPEC/EHEC-secreted proteins EspA and EspB were chosen as target antigens.</p><p>Methodology</p><p>First, we investigated the ideal conditions for EspA/EspB production/secretion by ELISA in a collection of EPEC/EHEC strains after cultivating bacterial isolates in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) or DMEM containing 1% tryptone or HEp-2 cells-preconditioned DMEM, employing either anti-EspA/anti-EspB polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies developed and characterized herein. Subsequently, a rapid agglutination latex test (RALT) was developed and tested with the same collection of bacterial isolates.</p><p>Principal findings</p><p>EspB was defined as a biomarker and its corresponding monoclonal antibody as the tool for EPEC/EHEC diagnosis; the production of EspB was better in DMEM medium. RALT assay has the sensitivity and specificity required for high-impact diagnosis of neglected diseases in the developing world.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>RALT assay described herein can be considered an alternative assay for diarrhea diagnosis in low-income countries since it achieved 97% sensitivity, 98% specificity and 97% efficiency.</p></div

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Flagellin and GroEL mediates in vitro binding of an atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to cellular fibronectin

Multiple sequence alignment of flagellin from Escherichia coli O26:H11 strains. Sequence alignment was performed using MUSCLE server. (DOCX 22 kb

Single Chain Variable Fragments Produced in Escherichia coli against Heat-Labile and Heat-Stable Toxins from Enterotoxigenic E. coli.

Diarrhea is a prevalent pathological condition frequently associated to the colonization of the small intestine by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains, known to be endemic in developing countries. These strains can produce two enterotoxins associated with the manifestation of clinical symptoms that can be used to detect these pathogens. Although several detection tests have been developed, minimally equipped laboratories are still in need of simple and cost-effective methods. With the aim to contribute to the development of such diagnostic approaches, we describe here two mouse hybridoma-derived single chain fragment variable (scFv) that were produced in E. coli against enterotoxins of ETEC strains.Recombinant scFv were developed against ETEC heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxin (ST), from previously isolated hybridoma clones. This work reports their design, construction, molecular and functional characterization against LT and ST toxins. Both antibody fragments were able to recognize the cell-interacting toxins by immunofluorescence, the purified toxins by ELISA and also LT-, ST- and LT/ST-producing ETEC strains.The developed recombinant scFvs against LT and ST constitute promising starting point for simple and cost-effective ETEC diagnosis