12 research outputs found
Reliability and validity of an internalizing symptom scale based on the adolescent and adult Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA)
<p><i>Background</i>: The Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) is an interview that assesses psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses, including substance use disorders and anxiety and mood (i.e., internalizing) disorders. Although the SSAGA is widely used, there exists no overall internalizing characteristics scale based on items drawn from SSAGA’s mood and anxiety disorder sections. <i>Objectives</i>: To design and assess a SSAGA-based measurement instrument capturing the overall internalizing dimension that underlies more specific internalizing conditions. <i>Methods</i>: We developed, assessed, and characterized a new scale for measuring internalizing problematic characteristics derived from the SSAGA interview. All samples were drawn from the Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Alcoholism, a prospective multi-site genetic study of families at high risk for alcohol use disorders. All participants taking part in the study between September 2005 and September 2017 were eligible (<i>n</i> = 904, 52.2% female). <i>Results</i>: The scale had adequate internal consistency (ordinal α = 0.85, 95% CI = [0.81, 0.89]). Construct validity was supported by its association with other measures of internalizing characteristics (Internalizing Scale from Achenbach Self Reports; Neuroticism Scale from the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Personality Inventory). Several indices of alcohol, marijuana, and nicotine misuse were also positively associated with Internalizing Scale scores. <i>Conclusions</i>: The Internalizing Scale has very good psychometric properties and can be used in studies that incorporate the SSAGA interview to study the association between internalizing characteristics and problematic alcohol and other substance use. These associations can potentially be utilized to identify individuals at risk for substance problems and to design treatments targeting such individuals.</p
eQTL (chr2:170783092:D) effect on the expression of the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD1) gene.
<p>The bar plot depicts the differential expression of GAD1 among homozygote for the major (11, red), heterozygote (12, green) and homozygote for the minor alleles (22, blue) subjects.</p
(A). rs11626307 effect on the hsa-miR-134-5p (A) and hsa-miR-370-3p (B) expressions.
<p>(A). rs11626307 effect on the hsa-miR-134-5p (A) and hsa-miR-370-3p (B) expressions.</p
Module-trait relationships.
<p>(<b>A</b>) mRNA module MEs are correlated (Pearson) to AD case-status (Class), brain pH, PMI, Age, RIN and subject smoking status to assess for confounding. P-values shown are unadjusted for multiple testing. After adjusting for number of modules tested, ME<sub><i>turquoise</i></sub>, ME<sub><i>yellow</i></sub>, ME<sub><i>grey60</i></sub>, ME<sub><i>pink</i></sub>, ME<sub><i>green</i></sub> and ME<sub><i>salmon</i></sub> are significantly correlated with AD case-status (Class). (<b>B</b>). Similarly, after adjusting p-values for number of modules tested, miRNAs ME<sub><i>yellow</i></sub>, ME<sub><i>blue</i></sub> and ME<sub><i>brown</i></sub> modules are significantly correlated with AD case-status (Class).</p
Brain list enrichment for cell type specific modules.
<p>Brain list enrichment for cell type specific modules.</p
(A) Cluster dendrogram and module assignment for mRNA modules from WGCNA. Topological overlap dissimilarity measure is clustered by average linkage hierarchical clustering and module assignments (dynamic hybrid algorithm) are denoted in the color bar (bottom). 4571 transcripts were assigned to one of 24 modules including Mgrey. (B). Following the same outline, 240 miRNAs are assigned to one of 12 modules indicated by color (including Mgrey).
<p>(A) Cluster dendrogram and module assignment for mRNA modules from WGCNA. Topological overlap dissimilarity measure is clustered by average linkage hierarchical clustering and module assignments (dynamic hybrid algorithm) are denoted in the color bar (bottom). 4571 transcripts were assigned to one of 24 modules including Mgrey. (B). Following the same outline, 240 miRNAs are assigned to one of 12 modules indicated by color (including Mgrey).</p
Characteristics of study subjects who are daily smokers.
*<p>Indicates t test (two tailed) p = 0.0001.</p
Distribution of age at onset of daily smokers with reference to alleles of rs1996371.
*<p>Indicates t test (two tailed) p = 0.0002.</p
Linkage disequilibrium between genotyped SNPs.
<p>Number in each square represents the a pairwise LD relationship (r<sup>2</sup>) between the two SNP's in Caucasians using HapMap data and varying red color represent the linkage disequilibrium values for that pair as measured by D′ (bright red shows high D′).</p
Cox-proportional hazard analysis using age at onset of habitual smoking censored at non-habitual smokers.
1<p>Analysis was performed within family clusters using additive model. Age at interview in quartiles, gender, pc1, parental smoking and parental drinking were included as covariates.</p>2<p>Nominal P values are shown uncorrected for multiple testing. The Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold is P = 0.005.</p