Compensated isocurvature perturbations in the curvaton model

Primordial fluctuations in the relative number densities of particles, or isocurvature perturbations, are generally well constrained by cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. A less probed mode is the compensated isocurvature perturbation (CIP), a fluctuation in the relative number densities of cold dark matter and baryons. In the curvaton model, a subdominant field during inflation later sets the primordial curvature fluctuation $\zeta$. In some curvaton-decay scenarios, the baryon and cold dark matter isocurvature fluctuations nearly cancel, leaving a large CIP correlated with $\zeta$. This correlation can be used to probe these CIPs more sensitively than the uncorrelated CIPs considered in past work, essentially by measuring the squeezed bispectrum of the CMB for triangles whose shortest side is limited by the sound horizon. Here, the sensitivity of existing and future CMB experiments to correlated CIPs is assessed, with an eye towards testing specific curvaton-decay scenarios. The planned CMB Stage 4 experiment could detect the largest CIPs attainable in curvaton scenarios with more than 3$\sigma$ significance. The significance could improve if small-scale CMB polarization foregrounds can be effectively subtracted. As a result, future CMB observations could discriminate between some curvaton-decay scenarios in which baryon number and dark matter are produced during different epochs relative to curvaton decay. Independent of the specific motivation for the origin of a correlated CIP perturbation, cross-correlation of CIP reconstructions with the primary CMB can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a CIP detection. For fully correlated CIPs the improvement is a factor of $\sim$2$-$3.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, minor changes matching publicatio

Lensing Bias to CMB Measurements of Compensated Isocurvature Perturbations

Compensated isocurvature perturbations (CIPs) are modes in which the baryon and dark matter density fluctuations cancel. They arise in the curvaton scenario as well as some models of baryogenesis. While they leave no observable effects on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at linear order, they do spatially modulate two-point CMB statistics and can be reconstructed in a manner similar to gravitational lensing. Due to the similarity between the effects of CMB lensing and CIPs, lensing contributes nearly Gaussian random noise to the CIP estimator that approximately doubles the reconstruction noise power. Additionally, the cross correlation between lensing and the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect generates a correlation between the CIP estimator and the temperature field even in the absence of a correlated CIP signal. For cosmic-variance limited temperature measurements out to multipoles $l \leq 2500$, subtracting a fixed lensing bias degrades the detection threshold for CIPs by a factor of $1.3$, whether or not they are correlated with the adiabatic mode.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures; one of the authors Chen He Heinrich was previously known as Chen H

AUSSAT mobile satellite services

An overview of AUSSAT's planned mobile satellite system is given. The development program which is being undertaken to achieve the 1992 service date is described. Both business and technical aspects of the development program are addressed

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY EXPECTATIONS AND SELF-EVALUATION IN THE REHABILITATION PROCESS

Bandura (1977) has argued that the consideration of cognitive mechanisms is central to the understanding of behavioral change and the maintenance of these behavioral patterns. More specifically, Bandura (1977, 1982) has proposed two cognitive mechanisms, self-efficacy and self-evaluation, that mediate the initiation of and persistence toward behavioral change. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the medium through which feedback is presented to patients participating in rehabilitation would have an effect on their future expectations of performance for motor tasks encountered in therapy and the actual performance of strength and endurance tasks. It was hypothesized that knee injury patients who were provided with detailed color graphic feedback intended to facilitate self-evaluation would develop higher self-expectations of performance and subsequently display better motor functioning. The sample consisted of twenty-three patients who had incurred a knee injury. All patients participating were judged capable of regaining 85% of their functional capacity with the injured extremity within 16 therapy sessions. Patients who met selection criterion were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions. The experimental condition included color graphic feedback at points throughout the patients\u27 rehabilitation. Patients in the control condition received standard feedback only (i.e., discussion of progress with the therapist). The results showed that the graphic feedback intervention had a significant effect on patients\u27 expectations of performance on a Cybex at 60 and 180 degrees per second but did not have an effect on expectations for weight lifting, performance on an exercise bike, or walking. The graphic feedback intervention did not have an effect on motor performance. Although the intervention did not show a significant effect, the means for each of the five performance tasks were in the hypothesized direction. Finally, the results showed a strong association between patients\u27 expectations of performance and future motor functioning. In general, the results provided support for the predictions of Bandura\u27s (1977) self-efficacy theory. The implications and applications of the principles of efficacy theory for the administration of health services are discussed

Preparation and Characterisation of Ionic Liquids and Investigations into their Potential use in the Absorption and Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide

The first area of the research presented in this thesis pertains to the synthesis and characterisation of novel ionic liquids. Three distinct categories of ionic liquids were synthesised, two of which are imidazolium based, with the latter category based on the phosphonium cations. The first category consist of cations which contain two N-heterocyclic rings and these are combined with a range of conventional anions such as bis(triflimide) and dicyanamide. The second category utilise the same cations but have amino acids as the anion in their carboxylate form, introducing NH2 functionality into the ionic liquids and as such can be used in CO2 absorption investigations. The last category of ionic liquids, are those which contain a phosphonium cation (trioctyl) quaternised with a number of groups containing different functionalities for different potential applications. In particular a pyrrole functionalised quaternary phosphonium salt was successfully polymerised. The novel ionic liquids were employed in two main areas of investigation. Imidazolium ionic liquids containing conventional anions were immobilised onto a polymeric support, after which gases which are found in flue gas systems such as CO2 and N2, are passed through the membrane. The gases pass through at different rates due to the differing affinity of the liquids for the individual gases and as such separation of the gases is possible. These preliminary comparative permeability studies were confined to the first category of ionic liquids due to their lower viscosity and previous literature precedent of these anion types being used for these systems. Both single and binary ionic liquid systems were examined throughout the course of the investigation with the binary systems exhibiting some benefits in CO2/N2 selectivity. Amino acid ionic liquids were immobilised onto a mesoporous silica (MCM-41) and their CO2 absorption capability was investigated. These contained NH2 functionality and as such are capable of CO2 absorption through the formation of a carbamate species. The low volatility of the ionic liquids compared to amines, such as monoethanolamine (MEA), which are currently used in CO2 gas capture technologies, make them an attractive area of research. A preliminary operational evaluation was conducted to examine anionic and cationic effects, as well as temperature and ionic liquid content of the impregnated MCM-41 silica

A History of the Congregational Methodist Church From 1957 to 1973

During the past two centenaries there have been several Methodist bodies formed either by a split off of, or as a result of the influence of Methodism started under John Wesley. However, in the past forty years there has been an ecumenical movement to reunite many of these bodies. The Congregational Methodist Church is one of the Methodist bodies that has not been included in this ecumenical trend. Disagreement on aspects of doctrine and a distaste for the episcopial form of government are the major reasons for the Congregational Methodist Church not involving themself in this ecumenical trend. Thus, the Congregational Methodist Church, whose doctrine is Methodistic and government republican, has spread its message all across the southern part of the United States