Separation of quadrupolar and magnetic contributions to spin-lattice relaxation in the case of a single isotope

We present a NMR pulse double-irradiation method which allows one to separate magnetic from quadrupolar contributions in the spin-lattice relaxation. The pulse sequence fully saturates one transition while another is observed. In the presence of a Delta m = 2 quadrupolar contribution, the intensity of the observed line is altered compared to a standard spin-echo experiment. We calculated analytically this intensity change for spins I=1, 3/2, 5/2, thus providing a quantitative analysis of the experimental results. Since the pulse sequence we used takes care of the absorbed radio-frequency power, no problems due to heating arise. The method is especially suited when only one NMR sensitive isotope is available. Different cross-checks were performed to prove the reliability of the obtained results. The applicability of this method is demonstrated by a study of the plane oxygen 17O (I = 5/2) in the high-temperature superconductor YBa_2Cu_4O_8: the 17O spin-lattice relaxation rate consists of magnetic as well as quadrupolar contributions.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Bekämpfung von Gloeosporium auf Apfel mit Nacherntebehandlungen

Versuchsanordnung Der Versuch wurde bei Äpfeln der Sorte Pinova durchgeführt. Es handelte sich um die 3. Lese (12. Okt. 2003), da diese erfahrungsgemäss am meisten Gloeosporium gefährdet ist. Wir haben alle Behandlungen in einer 200 l Wanne (gefüllt mit 70 l Wasser) durchgeführt. In der Behandlung mit heissem Wasser wurde die Wassertemperatur durch Nachfüllen stabil zwischen 51.5 und 52.3°C gehalten. In den Behandlungen mit den Produkten "Jet 5" und Wasserstoffperoxyd haben wir die Produktkonzentrationen nach der Behandlung jeder Repetition durch Analysestäbchen von Merckoquant kontrolliert und je nach Bedarf mit dem jeweiligen Produkt nachgefüllt. Es wurden Fruchtkistchen von je 25 Früchten in 6 Wiederholungen pro Verfahren getaucht. Anschliessend wurden die Proben zur Vermeidung von Kontamination über die Luft im Lagerraum in Frischhaltebeutel verpackt. Die Lagerung erfolgte in zufälliger Anordnung der Obstkisten bei 2 ° C und 92 % rLF

Kinokultur in der Schule : Evaluationsbericht 2018

Das Projekt Kinokultur in der Schule wurde von Achaos - Bildung & Information 2009 lanciert und hatte zum Ziel, Schülerinnen und Schüler für das Medium Film zu sensibilisieren und für die aktuelle Schweizer Filmkultur zu begeistern. Dabei ging es speziell darum, die Lust an der Auseinandersetzung mit den inhaltlichen und formalen Gestaltungsmitteln des Mediums Film zu wecken und den Blick von Jugendlichen gezielt für eine Filmkultur ausserhalb des Mainstreams zu schärfen. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, erstellte Kinokultur in der Schule Unterrichtsmaterialen zu aktuellen Schweizer Filmproduktionen, die von den Lehrpersonen gratis von der Webseite heruntergeladen werden konnten und organisierte Schulvorführungen mit aktuellen, für pädagogische Zwecke interessanten Filmproduktionen, sowie Filmgespräche und Begegnungen mit am Film beteiligten Personen. Zusätzlich bot Kinokultur in der Schule Weiterbildungsangebote für Lehrpersonen im Bereich Filmbildung und Filmvermittlung an und verschickte regelmässige Newsletter für Schulen und Lehrpersonen über aktuelle Angebote. Bei der vorliegenden Evaluation des Programms handelt es sich bereits um die Dritte, die durch die ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule der Angewandten Wissenschaften durchgeführt wurde. Nachdem vor rund neun Jahren in einer ersten Evaluation Schülerinnen und Schüler sowie Lehrpersonen schriftlich befragt wurden, stehen erneut diese beiden Zielgruppen im Fokus der Evaluation 2018/2019. Es galt herauszufinden, wie Lehrerinnen und Lehrer das Angebot der Filmkulturförderung von Kinokultur in der Schule nutzen und wie es bei den Schülerinnen und Schülern ankommt. Auf der Basis der verschiedenen Befunde werden Schlussfolgerungen gezogen und Empfehlungen für die Weiterführung des Projekts Kinokultur in der Schule abgegeben

Axon Outgrowth: Motor Protein Moonlights in Microtubule Sliding

SummaryNeurons develop from small, spherical precursors into the largest, most asymmetric of all metazoan cells by extending thin axonal processes over enormous distances. Although the forces for this extension have been unclear, recent work shows that the initial axonal extension may involve an unexpected mechanism: sliding of microtubules, driven by a motor protein previously thought to be deployed only in organelle transport

Transmission of growth cone traction force through apCAM–cytoskeletal linkages is regulated by Src family tyrosine kinase activity

Tyrosine kinase activity is known to be important in neuronal growth cone guidance. However, underlying cellular mechanisms are largely unclear. Here, we report how Src family tyrosine kinase activity controls apCAM-mediated growth cone steering by regulating the transmission of traction forces through receptor–cytoskeletal linkages. Increased levels of tyrosine phosphorylation were detected at sites where beads coated with apCAM ligands were physically restrained to induce growth cone steering, but not at unrestrained bead binding sites. Interestingly, the rate and level of phosphotyrosine buildup near restrained beads were decreased by the myosin inhibitor 2,3-butanedione-2-monoxime, suggesting that tension promotes tyrosine kinase activation. While not affecting retrograde F-actin flow rates, genistein and the Src family selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors PP1 and PP2 strongly reduced the growth cone's ability to apply traction forces through apCAM–cytoskeletal linkages, assessed using the restrained bead interaction assay. Furthermore, increased levels of an activated Src family kinase were detected at restrained bead sites during growth cone steering events. Our results suggest a mechanism by which growth cones select pathways by sampling both the molecular nature of the substrate and its ability to withstand the application of traction forces

A review of IATTC research on the early life history and reproductive biology of scombrids conducted at the Achotines Laboratory from 1985 to 2005

English: For nearly a century, fisheries scientists have studied marine fish stocks in an effort to understand how the abundances of fish populations are determined. During the early lives of marine fishes, survival is variable, and the numbers of individuals surviving to transitional stages or recruitment are difficult to predict. The egg, larval, and juvenile stages of marine fishes are characterized by high rates of mortality and growth. Most marine fishes, particularly pelagic species, are highly fecund, produce small eggs and larvae, and feed and grow in complex aquatic ecosystems. The identification of environmental or biological factors that are most important in controlling survival during the early life stages of marine fishes is a potentially powerful tool in stock assessment. Because vital rates (mortality and growth) during the early life stages of marine fishes are high and variable, small changes in those rates can have profound effects on the properties of survivors and recruitment potential (Houde 1989). Understanding and predicting the factors that most strongly influence pre-recruit survival are key goals of fisheries research programs. Spanish: Desde hace casi un siglo, los científicos pesqueros han estudiado las poblaciones de peces marinos en un intento por entender cómo se determina la abundancia de las mismas. Durante la vida temprana de los peces marinos, la supervivencia es variable, y el número de individuos que sobrevive hasta las etapas transicionales o el reclutamiento es difícil de predecir. Las etapas de huevo, larval, y juvenil de los peces marinos son caracterizadas por tasas altas de mortalidad y crecimiento. La mayoría de los peces marinos, particularmente las especies pelágicas, son muy fecundos, producen huevos y larvas pequeños, y se alimentan y crecen en ecosistemas acuáticos complejos. La identificación los factores ambientales o biológicos más importantes en el control de la supervivencia durante las etapas tempranas de vida de los peces marinos es una herramienta potencialmente potente en la evaluación de las poblaciones. Ya que las tasas vitales (mortalidad y crecimiento) durante las etapas tempranas de vida de los peces marinos son altas y variables, cambios pequeños en esas tasas pueden ejercer efectos importantes sobre las propiedades de los supervivientes y el potencial de reclutamiento (Houde 1989). Comprender y predecir los factores que más afectan la supervivencia antes del reclutamiento son objetivos clave de los programas de investigación pesquera

Binding between the neural cell adhesion molecules axonin-1 and Nr- CAM/Bravo is involved in neuron-glia interaction

Neural cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily mediate cellular interactions via homophilic binding to identical molecules and heterophilic binding to other family members or structurally unrelated cell-surface glycoproteins. Here we report on an interaction between axonin-1 and Nr-CAM/Bravo. In search for novel ligands of axonin-1, fluorescent polystyrene microspheres conjugated with axonin-1 were found to bind to peripheral glial cells from dorsal root ganglia. By antibody blockage experiments an axonin-1 receptor on the glial cells was identified as Nr-CAM. The specificity of the interaction was confirmed with binding studies using purified axonin-1 and Nr-CAM. In cultures of dissociated dorsal root ganglia antibodies against axonin-1 and Nr-CAM perturbed the formation of contacts between neurites and peripheral glial cells. Together, these results implicate a binding between axonin-1 of the neuritic and Nr-CAM of the glial cell membrane in the early phase of axon ensheathment in the peripheral nervous system

Experimental implementation of quantum gates through actuator qubits

Universal quantum computation requires the implementation of arbitrary control operations on the quantum register. In most cases, this is achieved by external control fields acting selectively on each qubit to drive single-qubit operations. In combination with a drift Hamiltonian containing interactions between the qubits, this allows the implementation of any required gate operation. Here, we demonstrate an alternative scheme that does not require local control for all qubits: we implement one- and two-qubit gate operations on a set of target qubits indirectly, through a combination of gates on directly controlled actuator qubits with a drift Hamiltonian that couples actuator and target qubits. Experiments are performed on nuclear spins, using radio-frequency pulses as gate operations and magnetic-dipole couplings for the drift Hamiltonian

Kinokultur in der Schule : Evaluationsbericht 2015

Der vorliegende Bericht basiert auf der zweiten Evaluation von Kinokultur in der Schule durch die ZHAW. Die erste Evaluation entstand 2010, nachdem Achaos – Bildung & Information Daniel Süss, Professor für Medienpsychologie an der ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften und an der Universität Zürich kontaktiert hatte. Das evaluierte Projekt Kinokultur in der Schule passt optimal ins medienpädagogische und medienpsychologische Portfolio des ZHAW-Teams und widerspiegelt auch nationale Bemühungen zur Förderung von Medienkompetenzen im Rahmen des 2015 erfolgreich abgeschlossenen Bundesprogramms Jugend und Medien

Factors affecting augmented reality head-mounted device performance in real OR

PURPOSE Over the last years, interest and efforts to implement augmented reality (AR) in orthopedic surgery through head-mounted devices (HMD) have increased. However, the majority of experiments were preclinical and within a controlled laboratory environment. The operating room (OR) is a more challenging environment with various confounding factors potentially affecting the performance of an AR-HMD. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of an AR-HMD in a real-life OR setting. METHODS An established AR application using the HoloLens 2 HMD was tested in an OR and in a laboratory by two users. The accuracy of the hologram overlay, the time to complete the trial, the number of rejected registration attempts, the delay in live overlay of the hologram, and the number of completely failed runs were recorded. Further, different OR setting parameters (light condition, setting up partitions, movement of personnel, and anchor placement) were modified and compared. RESULTS Time for full registration was higher with 48 s (IQR 24 s) in the OR versus 33 s (IQR 10 s) in the laboratory setting (p < 0.001). The other investigated parameters didn't differ significantly if an optimal OR setting was used. Within the OR, the strongest influence on performance of the AR-HMD was different light conditions with direct light illumination on the situs being the least favorable. CONCLUSION AR-HMDs are affected by different OR setups. Standardization measures for better AR-HMD performance include avoiding direct light illumination on the situs, setting up partitions, and minimizing the movement of personnel