Terminated LDPC Convolutional Codes with Thresholds Close to Capacity

An ensemble of LDPC convolutional codes with parity-check matrices composed of permutation matrices is considered. The convergence of the iterative belief propagation based decoder for terminated convolutional codes in the ensemble is analyzed for binary-input output-symmetric memoryless channels using density evolution techniques. We observe that the structured irregularity in the Tanner graph of the codes leads to significantly better thresholds when compared to corresponding LDPC block codes.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, Adelaide, Australia, September 4-9, 200

CSR: The Australian consumer's perspective

6 page(s

Fragment-based approaches to TB drugs.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease associated with significant mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The rise of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) urgently demands the development of new drug leads to tackle resistant strains. Fragment-based methods have recently emerged at the forefront of pharmaceutical development as a means to generate more effective lead structures, via the identification of fragment molecules that form weak but high quality interactions with the target biomolecule and subsequent fragment optimization. This review highlights a number of novel inhibitors of Mtb targets that have been developed through fragment-based approaches in recent years.Croucher Foundation and Cambridge Overseas Trust (Croucher Cambridge International Scholarship

Asymptotically Good LDPC Convolutional Codes Based on Protographs

LDPC convolutional codes have been shown to be capable of achieving the same capacity-approaching performance as LDPC block codes with iterative message-passing decoding. In this paper, asymptotic methods are used to calculate a lower bound on the free distance for several ensembles of asymptotically good protograph-based LDPC convolutional codes. Further, we show that the free distance to constraint length ratio of the LDPC convolutional codes exceeds the minimum distance to block length ratio of corresponding LDPC block codes.Comment: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, Toronto, ON, Canada, July 6 - 11, 200

Perlindungan Hukum Pemegang Merek Terdaftar Pertama Atas Tindakan Pendaftaran Oleh Pihak Lain (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 750 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2018)

Abstract Trademark is a part of IPR which is born from human intellectual ability. HKI is categorized into 2 (two) groups, namely Copy Rights and Industrial Property Rights. Copyright (Copy Rights) is divided into Copyright (Copy Rights) and Rights related to Copyright (Neighborhooding Rights).The procedure in the law in regulating the legal protection of registered mark holders is that the registration of a mark is initially subject to a substantive examination. Namely, whether the mark was filed by the applicant in good faith or there are elements where the mark cannot be registered. Protection of registered mark holders for registration actions by other parties in Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications in recent years there have been many violations of trademark rights. These violations have started to increase since the free market policy launched by the Indonesian government, where foreign investors were given the opportunity to invest in Indonesia. Judge's consideration of the application for cancellation of trademarks in the decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 750 K / Pdt.Sus-HKI / 2018 that the Panel of Judges granted the appeal and canceled the Commercial Court Decision at the Semarang District Court Grants the claim of the Reconvention Plaintiff / Defendant of the Convention in its entirety,The conclusion is that the main absolute requirement that must be fulfilled in order for a mark to be accepted and used by an individual or legal entity is that the mark must have sufficient distinguishing power. Rejection of applications that are substantially or completely similar to well-known marks of the same type shall be carried out by taking into account the general knowledge of the public regarding the mark in the field of business concerned. Legal protection needs to be provided to protect entrepreneurs or trademark rights holders from illegal acts committed against registered trademark rights. To avoid dishonest practices and provide legal protection to brand owners or holders as well as consumers.                                                            Keywords: Legal Protection, Trademark, Registered, First.                    Abstrak Merek merupakan bagian dari HKI yang lahir dari kemampuan intelektual manusia. HKI dikategorikan menjadi 2 (dua) kelompok yaitu Hak Cipta (Copy Rights) dan Hak Milik Perindustrian (Industrial Property Rights). Hak Cipta (Copy Rights) dibagi menjadi Hak Cipta (Copy Rights) dan Hak yang berkaitan dengan Hak Cipta (Neighbouring Rights).Prosedur dalam Undang-Undang dalam mengatur perlindungan hukum pemegang merek terdaftar bahwa pendaftaran Merek pada awalnya dilakukan pemeriksaan subtantif. Yaitu apakah merek tersebut diajukan oleh pemohon dengan itikad baik atau terdapat unsur-unsur dimana merek itu tidak dapat didaftarkan. Perlindungan atas pemegang merek terdaftar atas tindakan pendaftaran oleh pihak lain dalam Undang – Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis dalam beberapa tahun belakangan banyak terjadi pelanggaran terhadap hak merek. Pelanggaran itu mulai meningkat sejak kebijakan pasar bebas yang dicanangkan pemerintah Indonesia, dimana Investor Asing diberikan kesempatan untuk menanam modalnya di Indonesia. Pertimbangan hakim atas permohonan pembatalan merek dagang dalam putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 750 K/ Pdt.Sus-HKI/2018 bahwa Majelis Hakim mengabulkan permohonan kasasi serta membatalkan Putusan Pengadilan Niaga pada Pengadilan Negeri Semarang Mengabulkan gugatan Penggugat Rekonvensi/Tergugat Konvensi untuk seluruhnya,Kesimpulannya bahwa  syarat mutlak utama yang harus dipenuhi agar suatu merek dapat diterima dan dipakai individu atau badan hukum, yaitu merek tersebut harus mempunyai daya pembeda yang cukup. Penolakan permohonan yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya atau keseluruhan dengan merek terkenal  yang sejenis dilakukan dengan memperhatikan pengetahuan umum masyarakat mengenai merek dibidang usaha yang bersangkutan. Perlu diberikan Perlindungan Hukum untuk melindungi para pengusaha atau pemegang hak merek dari perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan terhadap hak merek terdaftar. Untuk menghindari praktek-praktek yang tidak jujur dan memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada pemilik atau pemegang merek serta konsumen.Kata Kunci        : Perlindungan Hukum, Merek, Terdaftar, Pertama

The Role of Recipient Characteristics in Health Video Communication Outcomes: Scoping Review

Background: The importance of effective communication during public health emergencies has been highlighted by the World Health Organization, and it has published guidelines for effective communication in such situations. With video being a popular medium, video communication has been a growing area of study over the past decades and is increasingly used across different sectors and disciplines, including health. Health-related video communication gained momentum during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and video was among the most frequently used modes of communication worldwide. However, although much research has been done regarding different characteristics of video content (the message) and its delivery (the messenger), there is a lack of knowledge about the role played by the characteristics of the recipients for the creation of effective communication. Objective: The aim of this review is to identify how health video communication outcomes are shaped by recipient characteristics, as such characteristics might affect the effectiveness of communication. The main research question of the study is as follows: do the characteristics of the recipients of health videos affect the outcomes of the communication? Methods: A scoping review describing the existing knowledge within the field was conducted. We searched for literature in 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) and defined eligibility criteria based on the relevance to the research question. Recipient characteristics and health video communication outcomes were identified and classified. Results: Of the 1040 documents initially identified, 128 (12.31%) met the criteria for full-text assessment, and 39 (3.75%) met the inclusion criteria. The included studies reported 56 recipient characteristics and 42 communication outcomes. The reported associations between characteristics and outcomes were identified, and the potential research opportunities were discussed. Contributions were made to theory development by amending the existing framework of the Integrated-Change model, which is an integrated model of motivational and behavioral change. Conclusions: Although several recipient characteristics and health video communication outcomes were identified, there is a lack of robust empirical evidence on the association between them. Further research is needed to understand how the preceding characteristics of the recipients might affect the various outcomes of health video communication

TSPO interacts with VDAC1 and triggers a ROS-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial quality control

The 18-kDa TSPO (translocator protein) localizes on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and participates in cholesterol transport. Here, we report that TSPO inhibits mitochondrial autophagy downstream of the PINK1-PARK2 pathway, preventing essential ubiquitination of proteins. TSPO abolishes mitochondrial relocation of SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), and consequently that of the autophagic marker LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3), thus leading to an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, altering the appearance of the network. Independent of cholesterol regulation, the modulation of mitophagy by TSPO is instead dependent on VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1), to which TSPO binds, reducing mitochondrial coupling and promoting an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that counteracts PARK2-mediated ubiquitination of proteins. These data identify TSPO as a novel element in the regulation of mitochondrial quality control by autophagy, and demonstrate the importance for cell homeostasis of its expression ratio with VDAC1

Redescription of the little-known psyllid Cacopsylla dissimilis (Baeva, 1963) comb. nov. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) from Iran

During a faunistic survey of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) in the Iranian province of Kerman in spring 2015, Cacopsylla dissimilis (Baeva) comb. nov. was collected on Salix pycnostachya. This species was previously known only from Tajikistan. It is reported here for the first time from Iran. The host species, Salix pycnostachya, is also newly recorded. We provide detailed morphological descriptions of adults and fifth instar immatures, and discuss differences to closely related species, in particular Cacopsylla nigrita (Zetterstedt)

Social sciences research in neglected tropical diseases 3: Investment in social science research in neglected diseases of poverty: a case study of Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.BACKGROUND: The level of funding provides a good proxy for the level of commitment or prioritisation given to a particular issue. While the need for research relevant to social, economic, cultural and behavioural aspects of neglected tropical diseases (NTD) control has been acknowledged, there is limited data on the level of funding that supports NTD social science research. METHOD: A case study was carried out in which the spending of a major independent funder, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) - was analysed. A total of 67 projects funded between October 1998 and November 2008 were identified from the BMGF database. With the help of keywords within the titles of 67 grantees, they were categorised as social science or non-social science research based on available definition of social science. A descriptive analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Of 67 projects analysed, 26 projects (39%) were social science related while 41 projects (61%) were basic science or other translational research including drug development. A total of US$697 million was spent to fund the projects, of which 35$ 241 million) went to social science research. Although the level of funding for social science research has generally been lower than that for non-social science research over 10 year period, social science research attracted more funding in 2004 and 2008. CONCLUSION: The evidence presented in this case study indicates that funding on NTD social science research compared to basic and translational research is not as low as it is perceived to be. However, as there is the acute need for improved delivery and utilisation of current NTD drugs/technologies, informed by research from social science approaches, funding priorities need to reflect the need to invest significantly more in NTD social science research