ISTRAŽIVANJE O POTROŠAČKOM PRIHVAĆANJU ELEKTRONIČKE MALOPRODAJE PUTEM MODELA PRIHVAĆANJA TEHNOLOGIJE (TAM)

Following the approach of Pavlou (2003), we investigate key drivers for consumers` electronic retailing (e-tailing) acceptance that are integrated into TAM (technology acceptance model). TAM is one of the better known models for explaining the intention to use technology and it integrates two perceptions: usefulness and ease of use. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness in accepting e-tailing among Croatian consumers. In particular, the focus of the paper is on the areas which infl uenced customer commitment and loyalty in e-tailing. The results of the quantitative study among Croatian consumers show that electronic retailing, e.g. purchasing via the Internet, would enhance consumers` effectiveness in getting product information and their effectiveness in purchasing products.Slijedeći pristup Pavloua (2003.), istražujemo ključne pokretače prihvaćanja elektroničke maloprodaje (eng. e-tailing) od strane potrošača, koji su integrirani u TAM (model prihvaćanja tehnologije, eng. technology acceptance model). TAM je jedan od poznatijih modela kojim se objašnjava namjeru korištenja tehnologije, te integrira dvije percepcije: korisnost i lakoću korištenja. Glavna svrha ovog rada je istražiti odnos između percipirane lakoće korištenja i percipirane korisnosti za prihvaćanje elektroničke maloprodaje među hrvatskim potrošačima. Rad se posebno usredotočuje na područja koja utječu na privrženost i vjernost kupca u elektroničkoj maloprodaji. Rezultati kvantitativne studije među hrvatskim potrošačima pokazuju da bi elektronička maloprodaja, npr. kupovina putem Interneta, povećala djelotvornost u pribavljanju informacija o proizvodu, kao i djelotvornost u kupnji proizvoda

Forgotten carpological collection of Professor Ivo Horvat discovered and digitized

The carpological collection of Professor Ivo Horvat, a famous Croatian botanist of 20th century, was saved from oblivion, after its unexpected discovery at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Zagreb in 2019. As many as 515 diaspores (fruits and seeds) of 486 vascular plant taxa were systematised and digitised and the nomenclature was updated. A comprehensive comparison of Horvat’s carpological and herbarium collection (ZAHO) revealed a large amount of overlap. A large photo-catalogue was created and will be publicly accessible through the Flora Croatica Database

Metaboličke osobitosti četveroglavog bedrenog mišića (m. quadriceps femoris) u ovaca pasmine Lička pramenka hranjenih uz dodatak plemenite pečurke (Agaricus bisporus).

The objective of this study was to verify the presence of oxidative enzymes in the quadriceps femoris muscle of Lika Pramenka sheep and to evaluate the effect of supplement from button mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus), on the histochemical and morphological characteristics of the muscles. Fourteen oneyear-old Lika Pramenka sheep were randomly divided into two groups (control and experimental groups) comprising 7 animals each. The experiment was conducted over a period of 6 weeks of the winter feeding period. The control group of sheep was fed with a standard feed without antimicrobials or growth promoters. The experimental group was given the same feed but with an additional 1.5% of dry A. bisporus. During the experiment access to water and feed was ad libitum. Samples were tested for the size and type of muscle fibers, as well as for the presence of oxidative enzymes. The diameter of muscle fibers and histochemical reactions profiles were significantly greater in animals fed with the A. bisporus supplement. On the basis of the increased activity of oxidative enzymes, which resulted in pronounced cell metabolism and increased muscle mass, we conclude that A. bisporus displays growth promoter effects.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je provjeriti prisutnost oksidativnih enzima u četveroglavom bedrenom mišiću (m. quadriceps femoris) ovaca pasmine Lička pramenka te procijeniti učinak u hranu dodanog pripravka plemenite pečurke Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus) na histokemijske i morfološke karakteristike mišića. Četrnaest jednogodišnjih ovaca bilo je nasumično odabrano i podijeljeno u dvije skupine (kontrolna i pokusna skupina) s po sedam životinja. Pokus je bio proveden tijekom 6 tjedana hranjenja. Kontrolna skupina bila je hranjena standardnom hranom, dok je pokusnoj skupini u standardnu hranu umješano 1,5% suhog pripravka A. bisporus. Tijekom cijelog pokusnog razdoblja hrana i voda bile su životinjama dostupne ad libitum. Uzorci m. quadriceps femoris ovaca u pokusu bili su analizirani s obzirom na veličinu i tip mišićnog vlakna, te na prisutnost oksidativnih enzima. Mišićna vlakna većih promjera i snažnije histokemijske reakcije zabilježena su u ovaca hranjenih s dodatkom A. bisporus. Temeljem povećane aktivnosti oksidativnih enzima, što je rezultiralo pojačanim staničnim metabolizmom i povećanom mišićnom masom ovaca hranjenih uz dodatak pripravka plemenite pečurke, možemo zaključiti da A. bisporus ima učinak promotora rasta

Utjecaj dodatka Agaricus bisporus u hranidbu na profil hlapljivih spojeva arome janjećeg mesa

The aim of the research was to qualitatively determine volatile aroma compounds in the M. longissimus dorsi of lambs. The research included a total of 30 lamb carcasses divided into three groups. The animals were fed with a regular commercial feed mixture, which was supplemented with chopped dried or fresh common mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) in various proportions. Volatile compounds were determined using headspace solid-phase microextraction, coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The identified compounds are classified into the following chemical groups: aldehydes, esters, alcohols, amino acids, peptides, lactones, ketones, fatty acids, complex organic compounds, ethers and furans. Further research is needed to determine whether the differences between the groups in the volatile compounds identified affect the acceptability of lamb meat to consumers.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi hlapljive aromatične spojeve u M. longissimus dorsi janjadi hranjene komercijalnom krmnom smjesom, kojoj je dodavan suhi ili nasjeckani svježi pripravak plemenite pečurke (Agaricus bisporus) u različitim omjerima. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno ukupno 30 klaonički obrađenih tupova janjadi podijeljeno u tri skupine. Hlapljivi spojevi određeni su korištenjem mikroekstrakcije u čvrstoj fazi u kombinaciji s plinskom kromatografijom/masenom spektrometrijom. Identificirani spojevi mogu se razvrstati u sljedeće kemijske skupine: aldehidi, esteri, alkoholi, aminokiseline, peptidi, laktoni, ketoni, masne kiseline, složeni organski spojevi, eteri i furani. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja kako bi se utvrdilo utječu li razlike u identificiranim hlapljivim spojevima između skupina na prihvatljivost janjećeg mesa za potrošače

Identifikacija, lokalizacija i kvantifikacija subpopulacija crijevnih imunosnih stanica prasadi tijekom prvih sedam tjedana postnatalnog razvitka.

By using immunohistology and digital image analysis for histomorphometry, we investigated the influence of porcine postnatal development on distribution and quantitative patterns of naïve/memory lymphoid cell subsets (CD45RA+, CD45RC+, respectively), helper/cytotoxic T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, respectively) as well as of IgA+ plasma cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) of pigs reared under intensive conditions during the first 7 weeks of life. Current research on the postnatal ontogenesis/maturation of porcine small intestinal mucosal immune system have shown that newborn pigs are immunologically rather immature and, thus, totally dependent on passively acquired immunity. Their jejunal mucosa almost lacks immune cells, with the exception of a low number of CD45RA+ lymphoid cells (1.25×10-5) at Day 0 post partum. A very few CD45RC+ lymphoid cells (8.79×10-6 ) appeared at Day 7, followed by a similar number of IgA+ plasma cells (7.65×10-6) which were observed at Day 14. Such first signs of the postnatal development of both innate and adaptive immunity by identification/localization of tested cell subsets residing porcine GALT, i e. jejunal mucosal sites are proceeded by a lag period of three weeks until the appearance of low quantities of CD4+ (3.62×10-5) and CD8+ (3.13×10-5) T cells at Day 35 after birth. After that phase of early postnatal development of the crucial cell subsets participating in the antigen-specific immunity on the gut mucosal surfaces of young pigs, further progress was visible through their different distribution patterns within the jejunal mucosa compartments, and a gradual increase in their numbers, particularly between Day 35 and Day 49 of age. A significant increase was recorded within that period in the numbers of naïve, memory and plasma cells, whereas the number of helper and cytotoxic T cells only slightly increased between Day 42 and Day 49 of life.Pomoću imunohistoloških i histomorfometrijskih analiza računalnom obradom slike istraživali smo utjecaj postnatalnog razvitka u svinje na distribucijske i kvantitativne pokazatelje subpopulacija djevičanskih/ memorijskih limfoidnih stanica (CD45RA+ odnosno CD45RC+), pomoćničkih/citotoksičnih T-stanica (CD4+ odnosno CD8+), kao i za IgA+ plazma stanice u limfatičkim tkivima probavnog sustava (LTPS) prasadi uzgajane u intenzivnim uvjetima tijekom prvih 7 tjedana života. Istraživanje postnatalnog razvitka/sazrijevanja imunosnog sustava sluznice tankoga crijeva svinje pokazalo je da je neonatalna prasad imunološki prilično nezrela, pa je stoga u potpunosti ovisna o pasivno stečenoj imunosti. U sluznici njihovog jejunuma gotovo potpuno nedostaju imunosne stanice, s izuzetkom malobrojnih CD45 RA+ limfoidnih stanica (1,2510–5) 0. dana nakon prasenja. Sedmog dana post partum pojavljuje se nešto malo CD45RC+ limfoidnih stanica (8,7910-6), a potom se 14. dana mogu identificirati malobrojne IgA+ plazma stanice (7,650-6). Ovi prvi znakovi postnatalnog razvitka urođene i stečene imunosti, temeljem identifi kacije/lokalizacije subpopulacija istraživanih stanica koje naseljavaju LTPS svinje, odnosno sluznicu jejunuma, nastavljaju se nakon razdoblja od tri tjedna do pojavljivanja malobrojnih CD4+ (3,6210-5) i CD8+ (3,13 10-5) T-stanica 35. dana nakon prasenja. Nakon ove faze ranog postnatalnog razvitka ključnih subpopulacija stanica koje sudjeluju u antigenski specifičnoj imunosti na sluzničkim površinama crijeva mlade prasadi, daljnji je napredak vidljiv u različitosti obrazaca njihove raspodjele u odjeljcima sluznice jejunuma i postupnom porastu njihove brojnosti, napose između 35. i 49. dana starosti. Tijekom tog razdoblja zabilježen je značajan porast brojnosti djevičanskih, memorijskih i plazma stanica, dok je brojnost pomoćničkih i citotoksičnih T-stanica samo blago porasla između 42. i 49. dana života

Učinak prehrane rogačevom prekrupom na krvne parametre u odbijene prasadi

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary carob wholemeal (Ceratonia siliqua L.) through monitoring the changes in some blood parameters (RBC, LEU, CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, CD21+) on the growth and development of weaned pigs (Swedish Landrace and Yorkshire cross-breeds). Thirty pigs were divided into two groups. In the control group the pigs were fed with a standard feed mixture. In the second, the experimental group (EXP), the feed mixture was enriched daily with carob wholemeal in a dose of 40 g/ kg diet. Both groups were fed ad libitum. At the end of the 42-day experiment the pigs in the EXP groups were on average 23% heavier. The total sugar content, total phenolic content, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins and total antioxidant content of the carob wholemeal was determined. Carob wholemeal contains high carbohydrate content (73%). The total phenolic content value was 9.98 ± 0.18 mg GAE/g. The total flavonoid value was 6.56 ± 0.19 mg GAE/g, or 65% of total polyphenols, from which it can be seen that antioxidant activity is correlated to the total phenolic content. The total anthocyanins content was 34.00 ± 0.07 mg CE/g while the total tannin content was 658.75 ± 18.75 μg TAE/g. The ABTS method values were 89.50 ± 0.17 μmol TE/g sample while antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH method was 56.87 ± 0.66 μmol TE/g sample. Carobsupplementation did not affect the amount of red blood cells and leucocytes, but did affect the proportions of the proliferation rate of CD45+ lymphoid cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD21+ B cells in peripheral blood. Between days 14 and 42 an increase in the proportions of CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, CD21+ cells (at p≤0.05 or p≤0.01, respectively) was observed. Dietary supplementation of weaned piglets with 4% carob wholemeal showed an advantageous or beneficial effect on the immunity and productivity of the weanlings.Svrha ovih istraživanja bila je utvrditi učinak hranidbe rogačevom prekrupom na rast i razvoj svinja (švedski landras × jorkšir) nakon odbića, prateći promjene nekih krvnih parametara (RBC, LEU, CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, CD21+). Trideset svinja podijeljeno je u dvije skupine. U kontrolnoj skupini svinje su hranjene standardnom krmnom smjesom, dok je u drugoj, eksperimentalnoj skupini, u krmnu smjesu dodana rogačeva prekrupa u količini od 40 g/kg obroka. Obje su skupine hranjene ad libitum. Na kraju 42-dnevnog pokusa svinje u eksperimentalnoj skupini bile su 23 % teže od svinja iz kontrolne skupine. U prekrupi rogača određena je količina ukupnih šećera, ukupnih polifenola, flavonoida, antocijana, tanina te količina ukupnih antioksidansa. Utvrđen je velik udio ukupnih ugljikohidrata je (73 %). Količina ukupnih polifenola iznosila je 9,98 ± 0,18 mg GAE/g, a količina ukupnih flavonoida 6,65 ± 0,19 mg GAE/g ili 65 % od ukupnih polifenola, što je vidljivo iz veze između antioksidacijske aktivnosti i količine ukupnih polifenola. Količina ukupnih antocijana iznosila je 34,00 ± 0,07 mg CE/g, dok je količina ukupnih tanina iznosila 658,75 ± 18,75 μg TAE/g. Antioksidacijska aktivnost određena metodom ABTS iznosila je 89,50 ± 0,17 μmol TE/g uzorka, dok je antioksidacijska aktivnost određena metodom DPPH iznosila 56,87 ± 0,66 μmol TE/g uzorka. Dodatak rogača u obroku nije uzrokovao promjenu broja crvenih krvnih stanica ni leukocita, ali je djelovao na promjene u proliferacijskom odnosu CD45+ limfoidnih stanica, kao i CD4+ and CD8+ T stanica i CD21+ B stanica u perifernoj krvi. Između 14. i 42. dana hranjenja u eksperimentalnoj skupini životinja ustanovljeno je znakovito povećanje udjela CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, CD21+ stanica (uz vjerojatnost pogreške P≤0,05 odnosno P≤0,01). Dodatak 4 % rogača po obroku za hranidbu svinja nakon odbića pokazao se korisnim za imunost i proizvodnost svinja nakon odbića

THE IMPORTANCE OF MOTOR COORDINATION ABILITIES FOR PERFORMANCE IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS

Abstract. Rhythmic gymnastics (RG) is a difficult and complex sport which requires increased space-time coordination between body movements and apparatus handling, thus making specific motor coordination a vital part of technical preparation in RG with an important role in creating the preconditions necessary for allowing the gymnast to learn many RG techniques. The purpose of the research was to test and/or determine the possibility of predicting success in RG performance on the basis of gymnasts’ coordination skills. One hundred and twenty-seven national- and international-level rhythmic gymnasts (age: 11.93±3.09 years, body height: 147.65±14.6 cm, body mass:37.67±11.7 kg, BMI: 16.78±2.26 kg/m2, training experience: 5.85±2.81 years), distributed in five age categories (22 beginners, aged 7-9 years; 39 intermediate, aged 9-12 years; 26 advanced, aged 12-14 years; 25 juniors, aged 14-16 years; 15 seniors, aged 16 years and older), volunteered to participate in the study. Their baseline characteristics (age, body height, body mass, BMI, years of training experience, Success) were established, as well as their specific coordination skills (B-ROL, R-TCJ, H-SKP and C-JUG). By means of a Multiple regression analysis the specific coordination skills’ statistically significant influence on Success was established only in the group of advanced and intermediate gymnasts (p<0.018 and p<0.000, respectively), with an explanation of 42%, i.e. 50% of success in RG. Also, the Regression analysis emphasized the significant independent contributions, to the prediction of the dependent variable, of three independent variables: ball rolling (intermediate gymnasts: p=0.03), hoop skipping (intermediate gymnasts: p=0.03 and sample in total: p=0.02) and clubs juggling (intermediate gymnasts: p=0.03 and sample in total: p=0.02), with positive relationship among these independent variables and dependent variable. This study has confirmed the importance of coordination skills for success in RG, but only for younger age categories.Key words: rhythmic gymnasts, age categories, specific coordination, regression

Tehnološka svojstva i kemijski sastav mesa ovaca hranjenih pripravkom plemenite pečurke Agaricus bisporus.

The aim of this study was to determine technological properties and basic chemical composition of sheep meat. In this study a total of 50 sheep carcasses were used. The dietary groups were controlled, one group was fed a basal diet and the other group with diets containing 1.5 % dry supplement of Agaricus bisporus, during the 6 months of the winter feeding period. The meat pH, EC, color and chemical composition were measured 24 h post-mortem in the m. longissimus dorsi. Sheep fed with the addition of Agaricus bisporus had a significantly lower proportion of nutrients (fat and protein) and a significantly higher proportion of water compared with the control group of animals (P<0.001). In selected adult animals fed with a supplement of Agaricus bisporus the muscular region was darker (L*) with a higher degree of redness (a*) and a lower degree of yellowness (b*) in relation to the same muscular region of the control group. There were no significant differences in fatty acid composition between the groups.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi tehnološka svojstva te osnovni kemijski sastav mesa ovaca. U istraživanju je bilo obuhvaćeno ukupno 50 klaonički obrađenih ovčjih trupova. Pokusne životinje bile su podijeljene u dvije skupine pri čemu je kontrolnoj skupini (C) hranidba prilagođena samo za održavanje osnovnih životnih potreba, a drugoj (pokusnoj, A) skupini u hranu je dodavano 1,5 % osušenog pripravka plemenite pečurke Agaricus bisporus, tijekom 6 tjedana zimskog perioda. Boja, električna provodljivost, pH i kemijski sastav mesa određivani su 24 sata nakon klanja na m. longissimus dorsi. Ovce hranjene dodatkom plemenite pečurke imale su značajno manji udio hranjivih tvari (masti i bjelančevina) i značajno veći udio vode u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu (P<0,001). Mišićna regija odabranih odraslih grla hranjenih pripravkom plemenite pečurke bila je tamnija (L*) s višim stupnjem crvenila (a*) i nižim stupnjem žutila (b*) u odnosu na mišićnu regiju kontrolne skupine. Nije bilo značajnih razlika masnokiselinskog sastava obiju skupina