1,237 research outputs found

    Errors in climate model daily precipitation and temperature output: time invariance and implications for bias correction

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    When correcting for biases in general circulation model (GCM) output, for example when statistically downscaling for regional and local impacts studies, a common assumption is that the GCM biases can be characterized by comparing model simulations and observations for a historical period. We demonstrate some complications in this assumption, with GCM biases varying between mean and extreme values and for different sets of historical years. Daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature from late 20th century simulations by four GCMs over the United States were compared to gridded observations. Using random years from the historical record we select a base set and a 10 yr independent projected set. We compare differences in biases between these sets at median and extreme percentiles. On average a base set with as few as 4 randomly-selected years is often adequate to characterize the biases in daily GCM precipitation and temperature, at both median and extreme values; 12 yr provided higher confidence that bias correction would be successful. This suggests that some of the GCM bias is time invariant. When characterizing bias with a set of consecutive years, the set must be long enough to accommodate regional low frequency variability, since the bias also exhibits this variability. Newer climate models included in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change fifth assessment will allow extending this study for a longer observational period and to finer scales

    The Clash of the Trinities: A New Theoretical Analysis of the General Nature of War

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    This monograph reimagines war’s fundamental nature, extending Clausewitz’s theory of its political origin and “Trinitarian” elements in a way that embraces alternative, sociological explanations like that of John Keegan. Ultimately, it proposes a new way to visualize the complexities of war’s intrinsic elements, operating at any scale, and expresses war with a completely new and universal definition.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1406/thumbnail.jp

    Ray Wilson

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    Ray Wilson taught courses in the Physics Department from 1962-1997. He continues to teach during May Term through the present (as of 2012)

    William White

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    William White was University Chaplain from 1963-1996 and also taught half time at IWU

    Dorothy Ramseyer Duguid

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    Dorothy Duguid, Class of 1946, was a Kappa Kappa Gamma member who studied at IWU for a major in French and a minor in Art before later attending graduate school
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