Reconfiguración del estado colombiano: el difícil balance entre consenso y coerción

Este artículo analiza la transformación del estado nacional colombiano bajo el gobierno de Álvaro Uribe, centrándose en el Plan Colombia y los proyectos estatales que se desprenden de él, a fin de dar cuenta de la militarización estatal y la represión social asociada a ambos. Se argumenta que políticas de gobierno amparadas en dicho Plan tienen como objetivo la consolidación de un régimen de acumulación de mercado extractivo y especulativo que, aunque vinculado a un impulso hegemónico transnacional centrado en los Estados Unidos, también está íntimamente ligado a desarrollos locales y al conflicto interno de Colombia. Estas interacciones ofrecen una ilustración ejemplar de la reconfiguración a múltiples escalas de la política en la economía del mundo actual.This article analyzes the transformation of the Colombian national State under the government of Álvaro Uribe, focusing on Plan Colombia and the State projects that flow from it, in order to reflect on the militarization of state and the social repression associated with both. It is argued that government policies under the Plan are aimed at consolidating a regime of market accumulation and speculation that, while linked to a transnational hegemonic thrust emanating from the United States, is also closely linked to local developments and Colombia's internal conflict. These interactions provide an exemplary illustration of the reconfiguration at multiple levels of the world political economy today

Radio Sources from a 31 GHz Sky Survey with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array

We present the first sample of 31-GHz selected sources to flux levels of 1 mJy. From late 2005 to mid 2007, the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array (SZA) observed 7.7 square degrees of the sky at 31 GHz to a median rms of 0.18 mJy/beam. We identify 209 sources at greater than 5 sigma significance in the 31 GHz maps, ranging in flux from 0.7 mJy to ~200 mJy. Archival NVSS data at 1.4 GHz and observations at 5 GHz with the Very Large Array are used to characterize the sources. We determine the maximum-likelihood integrated source count to be N(>S) = (27.2 +- 2.5) deg^-2 x (S_mJy)^(-1.18 +- 0.12) over the flux range 0.7 - 15 mJy. This result is significantly higher than predictions based on 1.4-GHz selected samples, a discrepancy which can be explained by a small shift in the spectral index distribution for faint 1.4-GHz sources. From comparison with previous measurements of sources within the central arcminute of massive clusters, we derive an overdensity of 6.8 +- 4.4, relative to field sources.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

Gender‐Equitable Parental Decision Making and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Bangladesh

Objective This article examines the relationship between the exposure of men as children to gender‐equitable parental decision making and the potential for subsequent later life engagement in intimate partner violence (IPV) in Bangladesh. Background Although researchers have recently begun to explore multilevel influences on IPV perpetration, no studies have examined how decision making between parents at home and within the community relates to IPV perpetration in low-income settings. Drawing on a theoretical framework of gendered social learning, gender-equitable parental decision making may be an important protective factor against IPV. Method This study uses a random probability sample of 1,499 married men in Bangladesh. The main outcome is physical IPV perpetration in adulthood, whereas two exposure variables measure the equity of parental decision making in the man's childhood home and his current community. A series of two-level negative binomial models, controlling for pertinent individual- and community-level factors, are estimated. Results Exposure in childhood to more equitable decision making between parents is negatively associated with a man's physical IPV perpetration in adulthood. Gender‐equitable parental decision making within one's current community is not significantly associated with IPV. Conclusion Boys who grow up exposed to more equitable decision making between parents in the home may be less likely to engage in physical IPV perpetration as an adult

Multi-Imaging Characterization of Cardiac Phenotype in Different Types of Amyloidosis

BACKGROUND: Bone scintigraphy is extremely valuable when assessing patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis (CA), but the clinical significance and associated phenotype of different degrees of cardiac uptake across different types is yet to be defined. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to define the phenotypes of patients with varying degrees of cardiac uptake on bone scintigraphy, across multiple types of systemic amyloidosis, using extensive characterization comprising biomarkers as well as echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. METHODS: A total of 296 patients (117 with immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis [AL], 165 with transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis [ATTR], 7 with apolipoprotein AI amyloidosis [AApoAI], and 7 with apolipoprotein AIV amyloidosis [AApoAIV]) underwent deep characterization of their cardiac phenotype. RESULTS: AL patients with grade 0 myocardial radiotracer uptake spanned the spectrum of CMR findings from no CA to characteristic CA, whereas AL patients with grades 1 to 3 always produced characteristic CMR features. In ATTR, the CA burden strongly correlated with myocardial tracer uptake, except in Ser77Tyr. AApoAI presented with grade 0 or 1 and disproportionate right-sided involvement. AApoAIV always presented with grade 0 and characteristic CA. AL grade 1 patients (n = 48; 100%) had characteristic CA, whereas only ATTR grade 1 patients with Ser77Tyr had characteristic CA on CMR (n = 5; 11.4%). After exclusion of Ser77Tyr, AApoAI, and AApoAIV, CMR showing characteristic CA or an extracellular volume of >0.40 in patients with grade 0 to 1 cardiac uptake had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for AL. CONCLUSIONS: There is a wide variation in cardiac phenotype between different amyloidosis types across different degrees of cardiac uptake. The combination of CMR and bone scintigraphy can help to define the diagnostic differentials and the clinical phenotype in each individual patient

Multi-Imaging Characterization of Cardiac Phenotype in Different Types of Amyloidosis

Background: bone scintigraphy is extremely valuable when assessing patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis (CA), but the clinical significance and associated phenotype of different degrees of cardiac uptake across different types is yet to be defined. Objectives: this study sought to define the phenotypes of patients with varying degrees of cardiac uptake on bone scintigraphy, across multiple types of systemic amyloidosis, using extensive characterization comprising biomarkers as well as echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Methods: a total of 296 patients (117 with immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis [AL], 165 with transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis [ATTR], 7 with apolipoprotein AI amyloidosis [AApoAI], and 7 with apolipoprotein AIV amyloidosis [AApoAIV]) underwent deep characterization of their cardiac phenotype. Results: AL patients with grade 0 myocardial radiotracer uptake spanned the spectrum of CMR findings from no CA to characteristic CA, whereas AL patients with grades 1 to 3 always produced characteristic CMR features. In ATTR, the CA burden strongly correlated with myocardial tracer uptake, except in Ser77Tyr. AApoAI presented with grade 0 or 1 and disproportionate right-sided involvement. AApoAIV always presented with grade 0 and characteristic CA. AL grade 1 patients (n = 48; 100%) had characteristic CA, whereas only ATTR grade 1 patients with Ser77Tyr had characteristic CA on CMR (n = 5; 11.4%). After exclusion of Ser77Tyr, AApoAI, and AApoAIV, CMR showing characteristic CA or an extracellular volume of >0.40 in patients with grade 0 to 1 cardiac uptake had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for AL. Conclusions: there is a wide variation in cardiac phenotype between different amyloidosis types across different degrees of cardiac uptake. The combination of CMR and bone scintigraphy can help to define the diagnostic differentials and the clinical phenotype in each individual patient

Cosmological Constraints from a 31 GHz Sky Survey with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array

We present the results of a 6.1 square degree survey for clusters of galaxies via their Sunyaev- Zel'dovich (SZ) effect at 31 GHz. From late 2005 to mid 2007 the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array (SZA) observed four fields of roughly 1.5 square degrees each. One of the fields shows evidence for significant diffuse Galactic emission, and we therefore restrict our analysis to the remaining 4.4 square degrees. We estimate the cluster detectability for the survey using mock observations of simulations of clusters of galaxies; and determine that, at intermediate redshifts (z ~ 0.8), the survey is 50% complete to a limiting mass (M200 rho mean) of ~ 6.0 x 10^14M_{solar}, with the mass limit decreasing at higher redshifts. We detect no clusters at a significance greater than 5 times the RMS noise level in the maps, and place an upper limit on \sigma_8, the amplitude of mass density fluctuations on a scale of 8h^-1 Mpc, of 0.84 + 0.07 at 95% confidence, where the uncertainty reflects calibration and systematic effects. This result is consistent with estimates from other cluster surveys and CMB anisotropy experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 3 table

First Results from COPSS: The CO Power Spectrum Survey

We present constraints on the abundance of carbon monoxide in the early universe from the CO Power Spectrum Survey. We utilize a data set collected between 2005 and 2008 using the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich Array (SZA), which was previously used to measure arcminute-scale fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background. This data set features observations of 44 fields, covering an effective area of 1.7 square degrees, over a frequency range of 27–35 GHz. Using the technique of intensity mapping, we are able to probe the CO(1–0) transition, with sensitivity to spatial modes between k = 0.5–2 h Mpc^(−1) over a range in redshift of z = 2.3–3.3, spanning a comoving volume of 3.6 × 10^6 h^(−3) Mpc^3. We demonstrate our ability to mitigate foregrounds, and present estimates of the impact of continuum sources on our measurement. We constrain the CO power spectrum to P_(CO) < 2.6 × 10^4 μK^2 (h^(−1) Mpc)^3, or Δ^2_(CO)(k = 1 h Mpc^(−1)) < 1.3 × 10^3 μK^2, at 95% confidence. This limit resides near optimistic predictions for the CO power spectrum. Under the assumption that CO emission is proportional to halo mass during bursts of active star formation, this corresponds to a limit on the ratio of CO(1–0) luminosity to host halo mass of A_(CO) < 1.2 × 10^(−5) L⊙_ M_⊙^(−1). Further assuming a Milky Way-like conversion factor between CO luminosity and molecular gas mass (α_(CO) = 4.3 M_⊙ (K km s^(−1) pc^(−2))^(−1)), we constrain the global density of molecular gas to ρ_(z~3) (M_H_2) ⩽ 2.8 x 10^8 M_☉ Mpc^(-3)