241 research outputs found
EVEN, ALSO and ONLY in Vietnamese
The article analyzes the system of focus-sensitive particles and, to a lesser extent, clefts in Vietnamese. EVEN/ALSO/ONLY foci are discussed across syntactic categories, and Vietnamese is found to organize its system of focus-sensitive particles along three dimensions of classification: (i) EVEN vs. ALSO vs. ONLY; (ii) particles c-commanding foci vs. particles c-commanding backgrounds; (iii) adverbial focus-sensitive particles vs. particles c-commanding argument foci only. Towards the end of the paper, free-choice constructions and additional sentence-final particles conveying ONLY and ALSO semantics are briefly discussed. The peculiar Vietnamese system reflects core properties of the analogous empirical domain in Chinese, a known source of borrowings into Vietnamese over the millennia
Long term effects of activated carbon on benthic communities
Master's thesis in Coastal ecology (BIO501)Thin-layer capping with activated carbon (AC) has a potential as situ remediation method for sediments exposed to hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs). This treatment was applied at two test fields; one in the Eidangerfjord (95 m) and the other in the Ormerfjord (30 m) in 2009. These two fjords are a part of the Grenland fjord system which have a long history of contaminated sediments. In this study we will address long-term effects of thin-layer capping with AC on the benthic community nine years later. Number of individuals, species and biomass was significantly reduced in both test fields compared to their corresponding reference fields. The differences were particularly notable in the Ormerfjord as the most dominant specie in the reference field, the brittle star Amphiura filiformis, was completely absent in the test field. After 2010 he faunal group Echinoidea was absent in both AC treated field. The indices used to assess the ecological condition in the water framework directive monitoring system for coastal waters in Norway did not reflect negative effects AC treatment had on the benthic communities. The long-term effects of AC on the benthic community should therefore be carefully evaluated before applying this treatment on a larger scale. More research is also needed to improve the understanding of why the AC treatment affects the benthic community
En praktisk anvendelse av moderne portefĂžljeteori : den optimale portefĂžljen
Denne utredningen anvender moderne portefÞljeteori med det formÄl Ä konstruere optimale portefÞljer som gir risikojustert meravkastning pÄ Oslo BÞrs (OSEBX). Den optimale portefÞljen er sammensatt av passiv indeksforvaltning og aktive portefÞljer. Konstrueringen av den optimale blandingen mellom passiv- og aktiv portefÞlje bygger pÄ rammeverket til Treynor og Black som ble introdusert i 1973. Denne metoden og resultatene den gir er kritisk avhengig av inndata. Det er derfor en subjektiv vurdering underveis av hva som anses som god informasjon inn i optimeringsmodellen. For Ä vurdere nÊrmere prestasjonen til optimeringsmodellen, blir den optimale portefÞljen sammenlignet med en enkel likevektet strategi. Dette for Ä vurdere om en eventuell risikojustert meravkastning i den optimale portefÞljen kunne vÊrt enda stÞrre ved Ä benytte en enkel strategi som ikke krever noen beregninger.
Utredningen starter med Ä klargjÞre forskjellene mellom passiv og aktiv forvaltning, og empiriske erfaringer vedrÞrende aktive strategier. Det er indikasjoner pÄ at det finnes gode forvaltere som evner Ä skape risikojustert meravkastning. De samme studiene, som er gjort pÄ fondsnivÄ, viser imidlertid at meravkastningene oftest forsvinner nÄr det tas hÞyde for forvaltningskostnader. Det blir ogsÄ vist at de fÄ som evner Ä skape meravkastning sjelden klarer dette over tid. Videre er det en presentasjon av moderne portefÞljeteori som bygger pÄ Markowitz (1952) sitt rammeverk. I dette inngÄr faktormodeller som forklarer avkastning og risiko i aksjer eller portefÞljer, samt portefÞljekonstruksjon som kombinerer portefÞljer pÄ en optimal mÄte.
Den empiriske undersÞkelsen tar del i det norske aksjemarkedet. Utredningen har benyttet ukeportefÞljene til DnB NOR Markets som inndata til den aktive delen, mens indeksen OSEBX er benyttet som passiv portefÞlje. Resultatene viser at den optimale portefÞljen har oppnÄdd en meravkastning pÄ 7,4 prosent etter kostnader i de 114 ukene som er optimert. Den risikojusterte meravkastningen mÄlt ved informasjonsrate er pÄ 0,82. Resultatene er meget gode ut ifra tidligere empiriske studier av informasjonsrater, men de er i midlertidig ikke statistisk signifikant med et signifikansnivÄ pÄ 5 prosent.
Mer interessant er en sammenligning mellom den teoretiske modellen og en enkel likevektet modell. Det viser seg at en enkel likevektet modell, med samme vekter i aktiv og passiv portefÞlje som den optimale portefÞljen, oppnÄdde et bedre resultat. Den teoretiske optimeringsmodellen har derfor kommet til kort for en enkel likevektet strategi
Extra argumentality - affectees, landmarks, and voice
This article investigates sentences with additional core arguments of a special type in three languages, viz. German, English, and Mandarin. These additional arguments, called extra arguments in the article, form a crosslinguistically homogeneous class by virtue of their structural and semantic similarities, with so-called "raised possessors" forming just a sub-group among them. Structurally, extra arguments may not be the most deeply embedded arguments in a sentence. Semantically, their referents are felt to stand in a specific relation to the referent of the/a more deeply embedded argument. There are two major thematic relations that are instantiated by extra arguments, viz. affectees and landmarks. These thematic role notions are justified in the context of and partly in contrast to, Dowty's (1991) proto-role approach. An affectee combines proto-agent with proto-patient properties in eventualities that are construed as involving causation. A landmark is a ground with respect to some spatial configuration denoted by the predication at hand, but a figure at the highest level of gestalt partitioning that is relevant in a clause. Thereby, both affectees and landmarks are inherently hybrid categories. The account of extra argumentality is couched in a neo-Davidsonian event semantics in the spirit of Kratzer (1996, 2003), and voice heads are assumed to introduce affectee arguments and landmark arguments right above VP
Expendable oceanographic mooring (XMOOR)
An expendable, self-deploying mooring (XMOOR) for shallow water applications has been developed to address Navy
requirements for environmental monitoring. The project has been conducted jointly between the Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution and the Naval Research Laboratory at Stennis, MS. WHOI has taken the lead on the mechanical design of the
system while NR has developed the electronics.
Eight prototype XMOOR systems have been built. They are designed for water depths between 10 and 100m, for
deployments of up to 3-months duration, and for automatic deployment. Their sensor suite includes barometrc pressure, air
temperatue, water temperature at up to 25 levels, and conductivity and pressure at up to 3 levels. Data telemetry is
accomplished via the Argos DCS and by line-of-sight VH confguration of the data collection program.
This report describes the XMOOR mechanical system. The data collection and telemetry systems are described
separately in (1) and (2).Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through Contract Nos.
NOOO-14-92-C-6028 and NOOO-14-95-1-0774
Three-Dimensional Basin and Fault Structure From a Detailed Seismic Velocity Model of Coachella Valley, Southern California
The Coachella Valley in the northern Salton Trough is known to produce destructive earthquakes, making it a high seismic hazard area. Knowledge of the seismic velocity structure and geometry of the sedimentary basins and fault zones is required to improve earthquake hazard estimates in this region. We simultaneously inverted first P wave travel times from the Southern California Seismic Network (39,998 local earthquakes) and explosions (251 land/sea shots) from the 2011 Salton Seismic Imaging Project to obtain a 3âD seismic velocity model. Earthquakes with focal depths â€10 km were selected to focus on the upper crustal structure. Strong lateral velocity contrasts in the top ~3 km correlate well with the surface geology, including the lowâvelocity (<5 km/s) sedimentary basin and the highâvelocity crystalline basement rocks outside the valley. Sediment thickness is ~4 km in the southeastern valley near the Salton Sea and decreases to <2 km at the northwestern end of the valley. Eastward thickening of sediments toward the San Andreas fault within the valley defines Coachella Valley basin asymmetry. In the Peninsular Ranges, zones of relatively high seismic velocities (~6.4 km/s) between 2â and 4âkm depth may be related to Late Cretaceous mylonite rocks or older inherited basement structures. Other highâvelocity domains exist in the model down to 9âkm depth and help define crustal heterogeneity. We identify a potential fault zone in Lost Horse Valley unassociated with mapped faults in Southern California from the combined interpretation of surface geology, seismicity, and lateral velocity changes in the model
Investigating heparin affinity chromatography for extracellular vesicle purification and fractionation
The purification of extracellular vesicles (EVs) remains a major hurdle in the progression of fundamental research and the commercial application of EV-based products. In this study, we evaluated the potential of heparin affinity chromatography (HAC) to purify neural stem cell-derived EVs as part of a multistep process. Bind-elute chromatography, such as HAC, is an attractive method of purification because it is highly scalable, robust and can be automated. Our findings support an interaction between EVs and heparin. The recovery of EVs using HAC based on particle counts was a minimum of 68.7%. We found HAC could remove on average 98.8% and 99.0% of residual protein and DNA respectively. In addition to EV purification, HAC was used to separate EVs into three populations based on their affinity to the heparin column. Within these populations, we detected differences in the expression of the exosome-associated protein TSG101 and the tetraspanin immunophenotype. However, the significance of these observations is not clear. Overall HAC shows promise as a potential purification method to capture EVs and this study proposes a novel application of HAC for EV fractionation. Moving forward, a better understanding of the heparin-EV interaction would be required before HAC can be more widely adopted for these applications
Framtid, samspill og skaperglede : Betydningen av studentbedrift for senere entreprenĂžriell aktivitet
Ungt EntreprenĂžrskap sine programmer bidrar til at mange tusen barn og unge blir introdusert
for entreprenÞrskap i utdanning, der de fÄr muligheten til Ä utvikle sine entreprenÞrielle
ferdigheter gjennom en teoretisk og praktisk tilnĂŠrming. Vi synes dette arbeidet er viktig
fordi det er disse som skal bidra til fremtidig Ăžkonomisk vekst og verdiskapning i Norge. Vi
har selv hatt glede av organisasjonen gjennom studielÞpet, og Þnsket derfor Ä se nÊrmere pÄ
deres arbeid med Ă„ forme fremtidens entreprenĂžrer og arbeidstakere. Etter dialog med Ungt
EntreprenĂžrskap kom vi frem til fĂžlgende problemstilling:
Hvilken betydning har deltakelse i studentbedrift hatt for entreprenĂžriell aktivitet 3-5 Ă„r etter
endt program?
Vi har med denne problemstillingen sett nÊrmere pÄ hvor tidligere studentbedriftsdeltakere
befinner seg i dag, og hvilket utbytte studentbedriften har dem gitt i ettertid. I vÄr oppgave har
vi hovedsakelig benyttet Theresa M. Amabile sin teori om kreativitet og innovasjon. Ut i fra
vÄrt perspektiv lagde vi en noe tilpasset og forenklet variant av hennes komponentmodell.
Sammen med annen relevant forskning, og analysen av vÄrt forskningsmateriale, utgjÞr dette
det teoretiske rammeverket for oppgaven. Vi har benyttet en kvalitativ tilnĂŠrming for Ă„ samle
inn egen data. Som del av dette arbeidet gjennomfĂžrte vi semistrukturerte dybdeintervju er
med Ă„tte informanter, som deltok i Ungt EntreprenĂžrskap sitt studentbedriftsprogram for 3-5
Ă„r siden. Som et resultat av kodingsarbeidet kategoriserte vi informantene basert
pÄ entreprenÞriell aktivitet etter studentbedriftdeltakelsen. Analysearbeidet viste at det er
karakteristiske forskjeller mellom kategoriene, som kalles entreprenĂžrene, de kreative og
rÄdgiverne.
Vi har ikke kunnet fastslÄ en direkte sammenheng mellom deltakelse i
studentbedriftsprogrammet til Ungt EntreprenĂžrskap og senere entreprenĂžriell aktivitet, men
vi ser indikasjoner pÄ at alle informantene har hatt en eller annen form for utbytte av
deltakelsen
- âŠ