State of the Art of Magnetic Gears, their Design, and Characteristics with Respect to EV Application

This chapter briefly explains the advantage of using magnetic gears (MGs) for transportation applications. Usually, a traction EV unit consists of, besides the engine or motor, a mechanical gear. The drawbacks of using mechanical gears have been emphasized, especially with respect to high-speed motorization, where high transmission ratio can be reached only by connecting multiple gears in series. A magnetic gear is capable of overcoming these issues. The chapter presents a state of the art on the available MGs, with fixed or variable transmission ratio, pointing out their applicability. Next, the possible design approaches (harmonic, magnetic reluctance equivalent circuit, and vector potential) are introduced. Furthermore, the output performances (power and torque) of two types of studied MGs are evaluated, with emphasis on the main loss criteria: iron losses in all the active parts of the MG. Finally, the influence of several materials is observed by means of numerical computation in order to decide, based on specific configuration, the most suited variant for transportation and aeronautic applications

Study of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Topologies for Electric Scooter Application

Abstract. The paper deals with the study of the motorization for an electric scooter. The motivation of this study is firstly introduced. Next, the application is defined: it is intended to propose a pure electrical traction system for a light electric vehicle, meaning an electric scooter). A short description of the design will introduce the main parameters of the electrical drive system and three topologies of electrical machine will be evaluated. The optimization of the best suited variant will be made based on a gradient type optimization algorithm. Numerical computation, by means of finite element method, will confirm the analytical obtained results, emphasizing the main achievements, performances and drawbacks of the electrical traction system. These performances are evaluated on test bench for validation

Study of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Topologies for Electric Scooter Application

Abstract. The paper deals with the study of the motorization for an electric scooter. The motivation of this study is firstly introduced. Next, the application is defined: it is intended to propose a pure electrical traction system for a light electric vehicle, meaning an electric scooter). A short description of the design will introduce the main parameters of the electrical drive system and three topologies of electrical machine will be evaluated. The optimization of the best suited variant will be made based on a gradient type optimization algorithm. Numerical computation, by means of finite element method, will confirm the analytical obtained results, emphasizing the main achievements, performances and drawbacks of the electrical traction system. These performances are evaluated on test bench for validation

Virtual Reality Utilization in Electrical Vehicle Development

This book chapter offers a new perspective on vehicle testing methods, by using driving simulators, which can be employed starting from early phases where components are designed, up to the real manufacturing stage. Based on these driving simulators, capable to thorough replicate real driving conditions, it can be described as a complex scenario, and the vehicle components can be dynamized with data coming from it. Therefore, with the use of a Virtual Reality (VR) environment, buildings, traffic signs, road types, and vehicles are imitated, and inspired by the real world or the imagination, but conclusive for the tested components. Moreover, for more realistic tests, a human driver can immerse into VR, controlling the virtual vehicle and leading to more reliable results. Many types of simulators are mentioned, with a focus on a specific type that is capable to test the vehicle’s propulsion system and its driver assistance systems. In the end, a case study is exposed where different configurations, software, and hardware, are tested and several results are presented

Chapter State of the Art of Magnetic Gears, their Design, and Characteristics with Respect to EV Application

This chapter briefly explains the advantage of using magnetic gears (MGs) for transportation applications. Usually, a traction EV unit consists of, besides the engine or motor, a mechanical gear. The drawbacks of using mechanical gears have been emphasized, especially with respect to high-speed motorization, where high transmission ratio can be reached only by connecting multiple gears in series. A magnetic gear is capable of overcoming these issues. The chapter presents a state of the art on the available MGs, with fixed or variable transmission ratio, pointing out their applicability. Next, the possible design approaches (harmonic, magnetic reluctance equivalent circuit, and vector potential) are introduced. Furthermore, the output performances (power and torque) of two types of studied MGs are evaluated, with emphasis on the main loss criteria: iron losses in all the active parts of the MG. Finally, the influence of several materials is observed by means of numerical computation in order to decide, based on specific configuration, the most suited variant for transportation and aeronautic applications

The Church and Migration: The Role of Faith in Social Integration and Behavior Change of the Roma People

ABSTRACT: Roma or Gypsies are originally a migratory people who today are spread across several continents and living in many countries, especially on the continent of Europe. Several sources indicate that 8 million of Roma live in Eastern Europe. Romania has the largest Roma population in the area, over 535,000 persons according to the latest official estimates. The changes that have occurred over the last 20 years in Europe Central and Eastern Europe, it made a large number of Roma people migrate to Western European countries. This raised a new kind of issues in Western, but also in Eastern Europe, the authorities sometimes, reaching the point of no longer find solutions in the management of Roma issues. This paper proposes that we look not only at state responsibilities to solve these issues but also to the church responsibilities to spread the message that can change their behavior. KEY WORDS: Immigration, Emigration, Migration, Gypsy, Roma people, Culture Church Mission

Lithium-Ion Cell Characterization, Using Hybrid Current Pulses, for Subsequent Battery Simulation in Mobility Applications

In this paper, a characterization method for a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) pouch cell is presented and evaluated, using a method that applies to hybrid current pulses called hybrid power pulse characterization (HPPC). The purpose of the study is to validate the developed mathematical model capable of offering good results for virtualization of the cell with extrapolation capability for the entire battery. This type of characterization was tested before but on cells with low capacity where relatively small currents were applied. Here, the model is intended to be used for the development of electrical mobility applications, such as electric vehicles (EV) and electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), where high capacity and currents are required through the cell. The comparison between the real and simulated cell was made with two sets of results obtained from HPPC and using the FTP-72 speed profile by emulating real current conditions, where both show that the method is reliable under the tested conditions and can be used for the considered application