Flux tubes, visons, and vortices in spin-charge separated superconductors

The idea of spin-charge separation in cuprate superconductors has been recently energized by Senthil and Fisher who formulated a Z_2 gauge theory and, within its context, proposed a ``vison detection'' experiment as a test for topological order in a sample with multiply connected geometry. Here we show that the same experiment can be performed to test for the spin-charge separation in U(1) [but not in SU(2)] theory and argue that vortex core spectroscopy can in fact distinguish between the different symmetries of the fictitious gauge field.Comment: 3 pages, 1 ps figure. Invited talk at the 13th International Symposium on Superconductivity in Toky

From Access To Interaction

Atkins calls on educators to see beyond access to identify “core moments” for child-centered experiential learning in inclusion classrooms. He warns that “[t]he process of scaffolding the child’s inclusion in the activities or interactions of the day can too often become conflated or confused with the process of scaffolding the child’s physical ability to gain access to those activities or interactions.

A Review of the Open Educational Resources (OER) Movement: Achievements, Challenges, and New Opportunities

Examines the state of the foundation's efforts to improve educational opportunities worldwide through universal access to and use of high-quality academic content

A Fish Is a Fish Is a Fish? Testing for Market Linkages on the Paris Fish Market

This paper applies both the Engle-Granger and Johansen cointegration test procedures to determine the existence of market linkage among high-valued {salmon and turbot) and low-valued (cod) fish species using monthly average wholesale price data recorded on the Paris fish market. We find that the price of salmon is determined exogenously to the system of prices examined and that the market for salmon is not linked to the markets for turbot or cod.Cointegration, market linkages, salmon price, Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy,

Piercing the Corporate Veil: A Different Delaware beyond the Boardrooms

It is likely that most people today think only of Delaware as a summer vacation destination, or as corporate America\u27s adopted home, but not as home to poverty that bears all the ugly markings of despair, deprivation and neglect. To look at Delaware beyond its boardrooms today is to witness the contradictions and consequences of an economy fueled by the promise that what would be good for the nation\u27s banks and the wealthy would necessarily be good for all Delawareans-and most notably Delaware\u27s poor. Over the course of the last ten years, Delaware\u27s economic renaissance and its legislative centerpiece, the 1981 Financial Center Development Act has been chronicled and praised by virtually every national publication that reports on the American economy. Its success has been confirmed by balanced budgets, revenue surpluses and a nationally acclaimed low unemployment rate throughout the eighties. There exists, however, another Delaware which has remained virtually unaffected over the last decade: it is most readily distinguished by its legacy of enduring poverty. That such a legacy continues to exist, after years of heralded economic growth, raises serious questions about the efficacy and equity of the economic policies pursued by Delaware during the eighties

Polymerisable surfactants for polymethacrylates using catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP) combined with sulfur free-RAFT in emulsion polymerisation

Statistical copolymers of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate were synthesised via free radical catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP) in emulsion to form a hydrophilic emulsifier/surfactant. The vinyl-terminated oligomers were in turn utilised as chain transfer agents, with no further purification, for the formation of diblock copolymers with butyl and methyl methacrylate which constitutes the emulsifier via sulfur-free reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation (SF-RAFT). In turn these polymers were solubilized with various concentrations of ammonium hydroxide and utilised in the surfactant-free emulsion polymerization of butyl methacrylate using persulfate initiators, which also stabilized the polymer particles with observed no coagulation, with solid contents as high as 40%

Respiratory syncytial virus seasonality and prevention strategy planning for passive immunisation of infants in low-income and middle-income countries:a modelling study

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents a substantial burden of disease in young infants in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Because RSV passive immunisations, including maternal vaccination and monoclonal antibodies, can only grant a temporary period of protection, their effectiveness and efficiency will be determined by the timing of the immunisation relative to the underlying RSV seasonality. We aimed to assess the potential effect of different approaches for passive RSV immunisation of infants in LMICs. METHODS: We included 52 LMICs in this study on the basis of the availability of RSV seasonality data and developed a mathematical model to compare the effect of different RSV passive immunisation approaches (seasonal approaches vs a year-round approach). For each candidate approach, we calculated the expected annual proportion of RSV incidence among infants younger than 6 months averted (effectiveness) and the ratio of per-dose cases averted between that approach and the year-round approach (relative efficiency). FINDINGS: 39 (75%) of 52 LMICs included in the study had clear RSV seasonality, defined as having more than 75% of annual RSV cases occurring in 5 or fewer months. In these countries with clear RSV seasonality, the seasonal approach in which monoclonal antibody administration began 3 months before RSV season onset was only a median of 16% (IQR 13-18) less effective in averting RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) hospital admissions than a year-round approach, but was a median of 70% (50-97) more efficient in reducing RSV-associated hospital admissions per dose. The seasonal approach that delivered maternal vaccination 1 month before the season onset was a median of 27% (25-33) less effective in averting hospital admissions associated with RSV-ALRI than a year-round approach, but was a median of 126% (87-177) more efficient at averting these hospital admissions per dose. INTERPRETATION: In LMICs with clear RSV seasonality, seasonal approaches to monoclonal antibody and maternal vaccine administration might optimise disease prevention by dose given compared with year-round administration. More data are needed to clarify if seasonal administration of RSV monoclonal antibodies or maternal immunisation is programmatically suitable and cost effective in LMICs. FUNDING: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, World Health Organization

A Case Report of a Rare Subset of Meningiomas: Intraosseous Meningioma

Meningiomas are the most common central nervous system neoplasms and occur most frequently along the dural folds and cerebral convexities.  While meningiomas are slow growing and typically do not invade brain parenchyma they are of clinical importance as they can impinge surrounding structure causing a variety of signs and symptoms depending on size and location.  We report here a rare subgroup of extradural meningiomas that emerge from the calvaria, a primary intraosseous meningioma, found during cadaveric dissection in a graduate anatomy course in the Department of Physician Assistant Studies at Samford University.&nbsp