3,294 research outputs found
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Adoption of managerial innovations: effect of adoption rationales on the adoption process
The aim of the research is to explore the complex phenomenon of the adoption of managerial innovations by organisations, with an attempt to identify relationships between various elements of this process. Four case studies were compiled using interview data from selected managers. The data provided a means of subjecting the rationales that Sturdy (2004) posited for the adoption of managerial innovations to empirical inquiry. The study also seeks to explore how the identified rationales may relate to two main characteristics of the subsequent adoption process, namely, the timing of adoption in the life cycle of the innovation and how long the adoption process takes. To our knowledge, this study represents the first empirical exploration of the adoption rationales posited by Sturdy and their subsequent impact on the adoption process. The findings of the study will be of value to academics interested studying the adoption of managerial innovations and also practising managers who must make adoption decisions and manage the adoption process. It is recognised that the study is exploratory in nature and suggestions for further research are proposed
Successful Aging and Longevity in Older Old Women: The Role of Depression and Cognition
Based in successful aging theory and terminal cognitive drop research, this paper investigates cerebrovascular burden (CVB), depressive symptoms, and cognitive decline as threats to longevity. A subsample of stroke-free women over the age of 80 was identified in the Health and Retirement Survey (years 2000–2008). Mortality at 2, 6, and 8 year intervals was predicted using CVB (diabetes, heart disease, hypertension), depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), and cognitive decline (decline of 1 standard deviation or more on the 35-point Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status over 2 years). At most waves (2002, 2004, and 2006) mortality was predicted by CVB, depressive symptoms, and cognitive drop measured 2 years prior. CVB and depressive symptoms at the 2000 wave predicted mortality at 6 and 8 years. Older women with the greatest longevity had low CVB, robust cognitive functioning, and few depression symptoms, supporting successful aging theory and terminal cognitive drop
Methods to Enhance Verbal Communication between Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Their Formal and Informal Caregivers: A Systematic Review
Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia in older adults. Although memory problems are the most characteristic symptom of this disorder, many individuals also experience progressive problems with communication. This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of methods to improve the verbal communication of individuals with Alzheimer's disease with their caregivers. The following databases were reviewed: PsychINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, REHABDATA, and COMDIS. The inclusion criteria were: (i) experimentally based studies, (ii) quantitative results, (iii) intervention aimed at improving verbal communication of the affected individual with a caregiver, and (iv) at least 50% of the sample having a confirmed diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. A total of 13 studies met all of the inclusion criteria. One technique emerged as potentially effective: the use of memory aids combined with specific caregiver training programs. The strength of this evidence was restricted by methodological limitations of the studies. Both adoption of and further research on these interventions are recommended
Effect of introducing the mucosal atomization device for fentanyl use in out-of-hospital pediatric trauma patients
Background: Pain associated with pediatric trauma is often under-assessed and undertreated
in the out-of-hospital setting. Administering an opioid such as fentanyl via the
intranasal route is a safe and efficacious alternative to traditional routes of analgesic
delivery and could potentially improve pain management in pediatric trauma patients.
Objective: The study sought to examine the effect of introducing the mucosal atomization
device (MAD) on analgesia administration as an alternative to intravenous fentanyl
delivery in pediatric trauma patients. The hypothesis for the study is that the introduction
of the MAD would increase the administration of fentanyl in pediatric trauma patients.
Methods: The research utilized a 2-group design (pre-MAD and post-MAD) to study
946 pediatric trauma patients (age ,16) transported by a large, urban EMS agency to one
of eight hospitals in Marion County, which is located in Indianapolis Indiana. Two
emergency medicine physicians independently determined whether the patient met
criteria for pain medication receipt and a third reviewer resolved any disagreements.
A comparison of the rates of fentanyl administration in both groups was then conducted.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of fentanyl administration
between the pre-MAD (30.4%) and post-MAD groups (37.8%) (P5.238).
A subgroup analysis showed that age and mechanism of injury were stronger predictors of
fentanyl administration.
Conclusion: Contrary to the hypothesis, the addition of the MAD device did not
increase fentanyl administration rates in pediatric trauma patients. Future research is
needed to address the barriers to analgesia administration in pediatric trauma patients
A Qualitative Metasynthesis of Consultation Process Research: What We Know and Where to Go
Qualitative metasynthesis (QM) is a research methodology that permits the meaningful integration and interpretation of qualitative research. This study applies a QM approach combined with constructivist grounded theory methods, bolstered by several features of research credibility, to examine the state of consultee-centered consultation (CCC) and related relational, process-oriented school consultation research. A systematic search and retrieval process including two rounds of appraisal resulted in a final sample of 38 relevant studies from 1995 to 2014. Data analyses included two stages of coding/ theme development. Integrated themes suggest a number of considerations regarding consultation implementation including: system-level factors; consultation structure; consultee voice, social-emotional support, and learning; ecological orientation and cultural responsiveness; and consultation training. Future research priorities stemming from these themes are identified and elaborated upon, as are future applications for QM in educational research
Combining high dose therapy, bilateral motor priming, and vagus nerve stimulation to treat the hemiparetic upper limb in chronic stroke survivors: a perspective on enhancing recovery
Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide and upper limb hemiparesis is the most common post-stroke disability. Recent studies suggest that clinically significant motor recovery is possible in chronic stroke survivors with severe impairment of the upper limb. Three promising strategies that have been investigated are (1) high dose rehabilitation therapy (2) bilateral motor priming and (3) vagus nerve stimulation. We propose that the future of effective and efficient upper limb rehabilitation will likely require a combination of these approaches
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Pre-vaccination prevalence of anogenital and oral human papillomavirus in young HIV-infected men who have sex with men.
The aims of this study were to: 1) determine prevalence of anogenital and oral HPV, 2) determine concordance between HPV at anal, perianal, scrotal/penile, and oral sites; and 3) describe factors associated with anogenital HPV types targeted by the 9-valent vaccine. Data were collected from 2012 to 2015 among men who have sex with men 18-26 years of age enrolled in a vaccine trial (N = 145). Penile/scrotal, perianal, anal, and oral samples were tested for 61 HPV types. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with types in the 9-valent vaccine. Participants' mean age was 23.0 years, 55.2% were African-American, and 26.2% were Hispanic; 93% had anal, 40% penile, and 6% oral HPV. Among those with anogenital infection, 18% had HPV16. Concordance was low between anogenital and oral sites. Factors independently associated with a 9-valent vaccine-type HPV were: race (African-American vs. White, OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.11-6.42), current smoking (yes vs. no, OR=2.37, 95% CI=1.03-5.48), and number of recent receptive anal sex partners (2+ vs. 0, OR=3.47, 95% CI=1.16-10.4). Most MSM were not infected with HPV16 or HPV18, suggesting that they may still benefit from HPV vaccination, but anogenital HPV was very common, highlighting the importance of vaccinating men before sexual initiation. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT01209325
A comprehensive profile of reproductive hormones in eusocial Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis)
DATA AVAILABILITY : Data will be made available on request.In species where sociality and group cohesion are primarily determined by the maintenance of a reproductive division of labour and cooperative behaviours, the eusocial Damaraland mole-rat (Fukomys damarensis) presents a model which provides behavioural and endocrine distinctions between sex (males and females) and reproductive class (breeders and non-breeders). Although previous studies have demonstrated the endocrine aspects of reproductive suppression and behaviour in Damaraland mole-rats, they have focused on one hormone separately and on different conspecifics and samples across time. Unfortunately, this could introduce extrinsic biases when using these studies to compile complete hormonal profiles for comparisons. This study, therefore, set out to obtain a profile of the reproductive hormones from breeding and non-breeding male and female Damaraland mole-rats at a single point in time, from which circulating plasma prolactin and urinary progesterone, testosterone, and cortisol were measured. As expected, plasma prolactin and urinary cortisol did not differ between the breeders and non-breeders. However, breeders (both male and female) possessed increased urinary testosterone and progesterone concentrations compared to their non-breeding counterparts. These results, in conjunction with the variation in the expression of the respective hormonal receptors within the brains of breeders and non-breeders suggest that elevated testosterone and progesterone in breeders establish a neural dominance phenotype, which ultimately aids in controlling breeding activities. This study has emphasised the need for holistic, comprehensive profiling of reproductive endocrine systems.The SARChI chair for Mammal Behavioural Ecology and Physiology, South Africa for the DST-NRF.https://www.elsevier.com/locate/ygcenhj2024Mammal Research InstituteZoology and EntomologySDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein
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Effectiveness of Small Onshore Seawall in Reducing Forces Induced by Tsunami Bore: Large Scale Experimental Study
Tsunami force and pressure distributions on a rigid
wall fronted by a small seawall were determined experimentally
in a large-scale wave flume. Six different
seawall heights were examined, two of which were exposed
to a range of solitary wave heights. The same
experiment was done without a seawall for comparison.
The measured wave profile contained incident
offshore, incident broken, reflected broken, and transmitted
wave heights measured using wire resistance
and ultrasonic wave gauges. Small individual seawalls
increased reflection of the incoming broken bore front
and reduced force on the rigid landward wall. These
findings agree well with published field reconnaissance
on small seawalls in Thailand that showed a correlation
between seawalls and reduced damage on landward
structures.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Fuji Technology Press. The published article can be found at: http://www.fujipress.jp/JDR/.Keywords: tsunami inundation, tsunami defense strategy, tsunami hazard mitigation, tsunami risk reduction, wave force
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