Influence of combined emulsifier on physical characteristics of fat filling

The influence of mixture of two separate emulsifiers and a new generation of emulsifier 2 in 1, which nowadays has a tendency to replace these two, on the rheological and textural properties and sensory quality of fat filling was investigated. Emulsifiers were added in concentrations of 0.3, 0.45 and 0.75%, and calculated on the total mass of raw materials. The addition of emulsifiers in concentrations of 0.3 and 0.45% had a significant influence on the textural and rheological parameters of fat filling. These results showed that is not necessary to add a maximum amount of an emulsifier in order to achieve optimal spreadibility and hardness, which is certainly justified from an economic point of view. The addition of emulsifier 2 in 1 caused starchy taste and migration of fat to the surface of fat filling. The sample with 0.45%, which was a combination of two emulsifiers, had the best sensory quality and spreadability characteristics

The effect of soy flour on cookie quality

Cookies are a popular confectionery product with a unique texture and taste, long shelf life and a relatively cheap price; therefore, it is a widespread snack among people of all generations. Nevertheless, cookies are usually made of wheat flour and most formulations are highly caloric and have a low fiber content. Soy flour is an excellent source of proteins, fibers, vitamins and minerals and it is being considered as a great supplement to wheat flour because it increases nutritive characteristics of the final product. By their digestibility and amino acid content, soy proteins are very similar to proteins derived from animals. They also contain many essential amino acids, which are deficient in most of the cereals. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of soy flour on quality of cookies. Wheat flour was supplemented with 35% of soy flour (full-fat toasted, low-fat toasted, defatted lightly toasted, toasted and soy protein concentrate). The supplementation of wheat flour with soy flour had affected nutritive value and sensory characteristics of cookies

Influence of emulsifiers on the optimization of processing parameters of refining milk chocolate in the ball mill

Chocolate manufacture is a complex process which includes a large number of technology operations. One of the obligatory phases is milling, called refining, which aims at obtaining the appropriate distribution of particle size, resulting in the chocolate with optimal physical and sensory characteristics. The aim of this work was to define and optimize the process parameters for the production of milk chocolate by a non-conventional procedure, using the ball mill. The quality of chocolate mass, produced on this way, is determined by measuring the following parameters: moisture, size of the largest cocoa particle, yield flow, and Casson plastic viscosity. A special consideration of this study is the optimization of the types and amounts of emulsifiers, which are responsible for achieving the appropriate rheological and physical characteristics of the chocolate mass. The obtained parameters are compared with those which are typical for the standard procedure

The Effect of Soy Flour on Cookie Quality

Cookies are a popular confectionery product with a unique texture and taste, long shelf life and a relatively cheap price; therefore, it is a widespread snack among people of all generations. Nevertheless, cookies are usually made of wheat flour and most formulations are highly caloric and have a low fiber content. Soy flour is an excellent source of proteins, fibers, vitamins and minerals and it is being considered as a great supplement to wheat flour because it increases nutritive characteristics of the final product. By their digestibility and amino acid content, soy proteins are very similar to proteins derived from animals. They also contain many essential amino acids, which are deficient in most of the cereals. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of soy flour on quality of cookies. Wheat flour was supplemented with 35% of soy flour (full-fat toasted, low-fat toasted, defatted lightly toasted, toasted and soy protein concentrate). The supplementation of wheat flour with soy flour had affected nutritive value and sensory characteristics of cookies

THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, POLYPHENOL CONTENT AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF WHITE CHOCOLATE ENRICHED WITH BLACK TEA EXTRACT

Chocolate contains a variety of different compounds such as fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Fat-free cocoa particles are also extremely rich in polyphenols. While dark chocolate is a most powerful source of antioxidants, the content of these components decreases with the reduction in the content of dark cocoa particles in chocolate. White chocolate differs from milk and dark through the absence of fat-free cocoa particles containing antioxidants. Today\u27s investigations are focused on finding new methods of creating functional confectionery products. Accordingly, in this study white chocolate was enriched with100 g kg-1 of encapsulated black tea extract in order to increase its polyphenol content. The addition of encapsulated black tea extract to white chocolate increased the viscosity of enriched chocolate mass to the extent that is acceptable for the production of this kind of product. Total polyphenol content in enriched chocolate was increased over 6 times compared to white chocolate. However, black tea encapsulate contributed to foreign taste of medications in enriched chocolate, making it unacceptable by consumers

With food to health : proceedings of the 10th International scientific and professional conference

Proceedings contains 13 original scientific papers, 10 professional papers and 2 review papers which were presented at "10th International Scientific and Professional Conference WITH FOOD TO HEALTH", organised in following sections: Nutrition, Dietetics and diet therapy, Functional food and food supplemnents, Food safety, Food analysis, Production of safe food and food with added nutritional value

The selection of disposition of precast concrete industrial building

Design of precast concrete industrial building is a complex iterative procedure by which, from a set of known possible solutions, is found the one, that in optimal way meets the set requirements and limitations. By proper selection of the disposition of the building, number of possible solutions is reduced at an early stage of design. This paper presents the main requirements and limitations faced by the structure of precast concrete industrial building, as well as parameters that can be defined in dispositional solution: dimensions, orientation and position of the object, materials, structural system, geometric characteristics, foundation system, the way of decomposition of the structure to prefabricated elements, their bearings and connections, and others. Special emphasis is given to the proper selection of the parameters of disposition in function of set requirements and constraints. The work is intended for graduates and young engineers, to help them to properly systematize and apply the knowledge gained during education, and select the optimal dispositional solution the exact way

Study of the Influence of Soil Drought and High Air Temperature on Some Physiological Processes in Maize Plant

Crop injuries, which occur very often in our climatic conditions during the growing period, are due to high temperatures accompanied with relatively low air humidity. The heat stress effects the greatest damage on the plant during the fertilization period. The aim of the research was to find out the effects of the heat stress on some physiological parameters. An experiment was carried out with the maize hybrid, ZP 755, in the 8th phase of tassel development. The plants were grown in an open greenhouse in Mitcherlich pots, on the soil whose moisture contents was 30°/o—70°/o of the maximum water capacity. The heat stress was provoked in the heat stress chamber with the temperature of 44—46 °C, relative air humidity of 26% and wind velocity of 9 m/min. Water fractions, intensity of transpiration, and concentration of cell liquid were determined only in the leaf of plants exposed to the heat stress, while nitrogen fractions were determined in leaf, stalk and root. On the basis of results obtained it can be stated that the drought and heat stress cause considerable changes in all water and nitrogen fractions. The amount of bound water in treated plants increases while the amount of free water decreases. At the same time soluble and nonprotein nitrogen is increased and total nitrogen decreased in relation to the control plant

Production of the functional milk chocolate with probiotic bacteria in a ball mill

Increasing interest in “health” foods in recent years has stimulated innovation and new product development in the food industry around the world. Modern consumers expect their food to be healthy and to prevent illness as they are increasingly interested in their personal health. This explains the reason for a rising interest in probiotic health-based products. Probiotic milk chocolate is a novel approach in the area of successful applications of lactic acid bacteria, including their probiotic strains, for manufacturing other products and not just dairy products. Chocolate is a very popular food due to its unique organoleptic properties such as sweet taste and pleasant characteristic aroma. Chocolate as a complex emulsion is a luxury food that during consumption evokes a range of stimuli that activate pleasure centers of the human brain. Enrichment of chocolate with viable cells of lactic acid bacteria and development of modified technology of chocolate manufacturing to provide survival of these bacteria would contribute to enhanced beneficial impact of this product on human health. The requirement for the probiotic chocolate to be accepted by consumers is that the taste of chocolate remains unchanged, as well as its solubility, and that the bacteria survive during the entire period of use. The aim of this paper is to examine the sustainability of three strains of probiotics: Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 in milk chocolate (produced in ball mill) after 6 months of storage at 20°C. Furthermore, to determine the best time for incorporating probiotic cultures into the chocolate in order not to disturb the chocolate production process. The impact of probiotics on antioxidative capacity of chocolate, particle size distribution, rheological and sensory properties of milk chocolate will be examined through a comparative review of milk chocolate with and without probiotics. Results show that strains of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus successfully survive in milk chocolate during 6 months of storage at room temperature. The survival of these cultures was above 90%. However, B. bifidum did not display satisfactory viability during storage. The total phenols content and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay in probiotic chocolate were higher in comparison with the chocolate without probiotics. Inoculation temperature of 40°C has significantly influenced the number of viable cells of L. acidophilus NCFM and L. rhamnosus HN001, as well as hardness, rheological and sensory properties of probiotic chocolate. Higher quality parameters were achieved in all chocolate masses where the inoculation was performed at 40°C