Appendix A. Table reporting means and standard deviation of caterpillar mass for different treatments during performance experiment.

Table reporting means and standard deviation of caterpillar mass for different treatments during performance experiment

Appendix D. Traditional outcome of logistic regression showing how flowering is affected by different treatments on eggs(+) and eggs(-) plants.

Traditional outcome of logistic regression showing how flowering is affected by different treatments on eggs(+) and eggs(-) plants

Appendix C. Traditional outcome of a general linear model showing how plant height is affected by different treatments on eggs(+) and eggs(-) plants.

Traditional outcome of a general linear model showing how plant height is affected by different treatments on eggs(+) and eggs(-) plants

raw data Functional Ecology paper Endure and Call for Help Lucas-Barbosa et al 2016

raw data on: 1) pollinator visitation rates to Brassica nigra plants during day and night; 2) Plant Chemistry including volatile emission and carbon and nitrogen contents; 3) Plant fitness including biomass and seed productio

raw data behaviour butterflies on B nigra _ effects of herbivory and pollination

Include raw data related to effects of herbivory and pollination on the behavioural responses of Pieris brassicae butterflies

raw data behaviour syphid flies on B nigra _ effects of herbivory and pollination

Include raw data related to effects of herbivory and pollination on the behavioural responses of the syrphid fly Episyrphus balteatus

Cryo-SEM micrographs of <i>B. nigra</i> leaf surfaces and adhering herbivore eggs and egg – leaf contact regions.

<p>(A–E) abaxial site of <i>B. nigra</i> leaves. (A) Eggs of <i>P. brassicae</i> 72 hao with surrounding leaf surface of HR+ <i>B. nigra</i> and trichomes. (B) Eggs of <i>M. brassicae</i> (48–60 h old) with surrounding leaf surface of HR− <i>B. nigra</i>. (C) Contact region after <i>P. brassicae</i> egg removal (72 hao) on HR− <i>B. nigra</i> consisting of accessory reproductive gland (ARG) secretion functioning as cement (arrow). (D) Contact region after <i>M. brassicae</i> egg removal consisting of a part of ARG cement and healthy leaf cells with open stomata (arrow). (E) Necrotic zone on HR+ <i>B. nigra</i> leaf induced by <i>P. brassicae</i> eggs 72 hao, with some eggs removed. ARG-derived cement is removed together with parts of the cell layer (arrow) and open stomata at the border between dead and living cells. (F) Adaxial site of necrotic zone of HR+ <i>B. nigra</i> with open stomata (arrow) between healthy cells and necrotic zone on right side. Hypersensitive response type, HR−: no necrotic zone observed, HR+: with necrotic zone. Scale bars are given in lower right corners.</p

Proportions (±SD) of female insects choosing oviposition-induced plant volatiles (OIPVs) of <i>B. nigra</i> plants.

<p>Plants were infested with eggs of <i>P. brassicae</i> or <i>M. brassicae</i>. Columns represent arcsine of the proportion of choice for OIPVs by gravid <i>P. brassicae</i> females tested in a flight chamber (dark grey), <i>T. brassicae</i> egg parasitoids tested in a Y-tube olfactometer (light grey), and <i>C. glomerata</i> larval parasitoids tested in a windtunnel (white). All experiments were conducted in a two-choice situation between plants infested with eggs of different ages (24 h, 72 h, 96 h), and clean plants. The dashed line indicates arcsine (0.5)  =  no preference. Numbers below the columns represent the percentage of female insects making a choice. *P<0.05, one-sample t-test. Each treatment combination was replicated with at least four plant pairs. Different phenotypes: Hypersensitive response (HR), HR−: no necrotic zone observed, HR+: necrotic zone.</p

Studied insect community of <i>B. nigra</i>.

<p>(A) Tritrophic system consisting of the Brassicaceae-specialist <i>Pieris brassicae</i> and the generalist moth <i>Mamestra brassicae</i> lay eggs in clusters on <i>B. nigra.</i> The egg parasitoid <i>Trichogramma brassicae</i> attacks eggs of both. The larval parasitoid <i>Cotesia glomerata</i> attacks young caterpillar stages of <i>P. brassicae.</i> (B) <i>P. brassicae</i> clutch on <i>B. nigra</i> expressing a strong necrotic zone, i.e. hypersensitive response (HR) (Photo credits: D. Lucas-Barbosa), (C) <i>M. brassicae</i> egg clutch on <i>B. nigra</i> without necrosis (Photo credits: Nina E. Fatouros, <a href="http://www.bugsinthepicture.com" target="_blank">www.bugsinthepicture.com</a>), (D) <i>C. glomerata</i> wasp on <i>P. brassicae</i> eggs parasitizing a neonate that just hatched (Photo credits: N. E. Fatouros, <a href="http://www.bugsinthepicture.com" target="_blank">www.bugsinthepicture.com</a>).</p

Volatile emission^a by <i>Brassica nigra</i> HR+ (+) or HR− (−) plants in response to eggs of <i>Pieris brassicae</i> (PB) and <i>Mamestra brassicae</i> (MB) sampled at 24 or 72 h after oviposition.

a<p>Volatile emissions are given in mean peak area ± SEM/g fresh weight of foliage divided by 10⁵ with the number of replicates between brackets.</p>*<p>values with asterisk indicate significant differences in emission quantities between oviposition-induced <i>B. nigra</i> and uninfested control for each treatment (Mann-Whitney U-test).</p