Study of the Effect of Pseudomonas Putida and Funneliformis Mosseae on the Growth and Productivity of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) in Senegal

In Senegal, the Niayes zone plays an important role in the economy of the country. It is the main horticultural production area. Among the crops cultivated, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the second place of horticultural crops. However, this crop is confronted with biotic and abiotic constraints leading to lower yields. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of beneficial microorganisms such as rhizobacteria from the group of fluorescent Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas putida) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Funeliformis mosseae) on the productivity of tomatoes. Soil samples were taken from the rhizosphere of tomato plants. The bacterial strains were isolated by the method of suspensions dilutions, and then seeded on King B medium. Their identification was carried out by using the MALDITOF mass spectrometer. In order to evaluate the effect of these microorganisms on productivity, an experiment was conducted in the field for three months. An experimental device with three randomize blocks was adopted with four block treatments: T (control), PS1 (Pseudomonas putida), Fm (Funneliformis mosseae) and PS1 + Fm. The results obtained showed that the inoculation of tomato plants with PS1 or in combination with Fm induced the best yields with values exceeding respectively 5 t / ha and 1.5 t / ha compared with non-inoculated plants. The yield reductions observed in the case of co-inoculation between Fm and PS1 compared with PS1 treatment alone would suggest an antagonistic effect. These strains of Pseudomonas putida constitute an alternative for the increase of tomato productivity in the Niayes zone

Effet de la salinité sur la germination graines et la croissance des semis de treize cultivars africains de sésame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Le sésame (Sesamum indicum L.), une plante annuelle autoféconde originaire d’Afrique et d’Inde, est très sensible aux stades de germination et de semis mais modérément tolérant aux stress hydrique et salin. Cette étude menée en serre a pour objectif d’évaluer l’effet de différentes concentrations de NaCl sur la germination des graines et la croissance des semis de treize cultivars africains de sésame provenant du Sénégal, du Burkina Faso, du Cameroun et du Soudan. Un dispositif à blocs randomisés avec deux facteurs et trois répétitions a été utilisé . Les résultats montrent un effet négatif du gradient de salinité sur les taux de germination, de survie, la biomasse fraiche, la biomasse sèche, le diamètre au collet et la longueur de la tige. Les cultivars AS09, AS13, AS14, AS15, AS19 et AS25 ont été moins affectés par la salinité. L’importance de l’effet dépressif dépend de la concentration de sel et de la variété de cultivar de sésame. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), an annual self-pollinating plant native to Africa and India, is very sensitive to the stages of germination and sowing but moderately tolerant to water and salt stress. The objective of this greenhouse study is to assess the effect of different NaCl concentrations on seed germination and seedling growth of thirteen African sesame cultivars from Senegal, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Sudan. A randomized block device with two factors and three replicates was used. The results show a negative effect of the salinity gradient on the germination rate, survival, fresh biomass, dry biomass, diameter at the collar and length of the stem. Cultivars AS09, AS13, AS14, AS15, AS19 and AS25 were less affected by salinity. The magnitude of the depressive effect depends on the concentration of salt and the sesame cultivar. &nbsp