Shortage in Access to Basic Social Services: A Case Study of Ethnic Minority Groups in Vietnam

The research uses shortages in the multi-dimensional poverty criteria and household living standards survey data collected by the General Statistic Office to evaluate the access to basic social services by ethnic minorities. The result shows significant differences in shortages between the Kinh and ethnic minorities, among ethnic minority groups and among localities. Differences in geographical location, level of development and lacking specific policies are the main causes. A number of policy recommendations has been made to narrow the gap in access to basic social services among ethnic minority groups in Vietnam. Keywords: Ethnic minorities, basic social services, shortage in access to basic social services, Vietnam DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-17-15 Publication date:June 30th 202

ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA NỀN ĐÁY CÁT VÀ ĐÁ SỐNG LÊN CHẤT LƯỢNG MÔI TRƯỜNG BỂ NUÔI CÁ CẢNH BIỂN

Marine ornamental aquarium is more and more popular. Nowadays, biofiltration system can convert nitrogen from toxic forms (NH4+/NH3, NO2-) into a less toxic form (NO3-), which creates a better water quality for the development of ornamental fishes in aquarium tank. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of environmental quality by supplementation of sand and live rock in aquarium tank. There were two treatments with rock and sand supplement to the bottom of the tanks (NT1) and tanks without rock and sand added (NT2). There were 3 replicates for each treatment and the experiments were carried out in ten weeks. Results showed that sand and live rock could improve water quality and play as good place for fish and other creature hiding and reduce the water used. Water temperatures were 28.69oC (NT1) and 28.80oC (NT2), pH was about 8.13, salinity ranged from 34‰ to 35‰ in both treatments. NH4+was 0.035 ± 0.003 mgN/ml in the two treatments. After 2 weeks of putting fish in the experimental tanks NO2- values were 0.023 mgN/l (in treatment NT2) and 0.018 mgN/l (in treatment NT1). The average values of NO2- for whole experimental period in the NT1 and NT2 were 0.008 ± 0.001 mgN/l and 0.010 ± 0.002 mgN/l, respectively (P = 0.061). NO3- values were not significantly different between the two treatments (P 0.05). However, the ratio of NO2-/NO3- in NT1 was lower compared to this value in NT2 (NT1: 0.15 ± 0.03% and NT2: 0.39 ± 0.09%, P = 0.018). This paper provides an important reference to help aquarists to design and control their ornamental aquarium tank suitably.Hệ thống lọc sinh học là nơi sinh sống của các vi khuẩn ni trat hóa - các vi khuẩn có vai trò chuyển hóa ni tơ thải ra từ cá và vật nuôi ở dạng độc (NH4+/NH3) sang dạng ít độc hơn (NO3-). Các vi khuẩn này sống bám trên các giá thể như đá và cát. Thí nghiệm đánh giá hiệu quả cải thiện chất lượng môi trường của việc bổ sung nền đáy cát và đá vào bể nuôi cá cảnh biển. Thí nghiệm bao gồm 2 nghiệm thức. Nghiệm thức 1 (NT1): Bổ sung đá sống và cát vào bể nuôi và nghiệm thức 2 (NT2): Bể nuôi có đáy trần. Mỗi nghiệm thức có kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy, bổ sung nền đáy cát và đá sống vào bể nuôi đã đem lại hiệu quả cải thiện rõ rệt các muối dinh dưỡng nitơ từ dạng có độc hại cho vật nuôi sang dạng ít độc hơn. Nhiệt độ 28,69oC (NT1) và 28,80oC (NT2), pH xấp xỉ 8,13 và độ mặn dao động 34–35‰ ở cả 2 nghiệm thức thí nghiệm. NH4+ở cả 2 nghiệm thức có giá trị trung bình 0,035 ± 0,003 mgN/ml. Sau 2 tuần thả cá, hàm lượng NO2- 0,023 mgN/l (NT2) và 0,018 mgN/l (NT1). NO2- trung bình ở NT1 và NT2 lần lượt là 0,008 ± 0,001 mgN/l và 0,010 ± 0,002 mgN/l (P = 0,061). Hàm lượng NO3- giữa 2 nghiệm thức không khác nhau có ý nghĩa thống kê (P 0,05). Tuy nhiên, tỷ lệ NO2-/NO3- ở NT1 nhỏ hơn có ý nghĩa thống kê so với NT2 (NT1: 0,15% ± 0,03% và NT2: 0,39% ± 0,09%, P = 0,018). Ngoài ra việc bổ sung nền đáy cát và đá sống tạo sinh cảnh và tạo nơi ẩn nấp cho cá. Đồng thời cũng giúp hạn chế thay nước và vệ sinh nền đáy của bể nuôi có đáy cát và đá sống. Kết quả nghiên cứu là cở sở khoa học quan trọng để bổ sung đá sống và cát trong bể nuôi cá cảnh tại Bảo tàng Hải dương học

A Murnaghan-Nakayama rule for Grothendieck polynomials of Grassmannian type

We consider the Grothendieck polynomials appearing in the K-theory of Grassmannians, which are analogs of Schur polynomials. This paper aims to establish a version of the Murnaghan-Nakayama rule for Grothendieck polynomials of the Grassmannian type. This rule allows us to express the product of a Grothendieck polynomial with a power sum symmetric polynomial into a linear combination of other Grothendieck polynomials.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Newton polytope of good symmetric polynomials

We introduce a general class of symmetric polynomials that have saturated Newton polytope and their Newton polytope has integer decomposition property. The class covers numerous previously studied symmetric polynomials.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Impact of Vocational Education and Training On Decent Job Opportunities Regarding Information and Communication Technology

Vocational education and training plays a crucial part in the creation of decent job. The fast growth of information and communication technology (ICT) during the past ten years has increased work opportunities for laborers. This research uses the yearly labor force survey data to study the impact of vocational education and training on decent job opportunities for employees in the context of Vietnam's information and communication technology development. The logit model results indicate that the 2020 rate of decent jobs is still low, at approximately 25.6 percent. However, vocational education and training and the advancement of ICT positively affect decent job opportunities. This long-lasting impact affects laborers in various areas, regions, and industries. These findings suggest that vocational education and training and ICT must play a significant role in transitioning from precarious to more secure employment, so laborers must acquire professional knowledge and information technology skills

INFLUENCES OF SOME HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE COASTAL ENVIRONMENT OF THAI BINH PROVINCE, VIETNAM

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Investigation of anti-inflammatory lignans from the leaves of Symplocos sumuntia Buch-Ham ex D Don (Symplocaceae)

Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Symplocos sumuntia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don and identify the main secondary metabolites responsible for this effect.Methods: The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the plant extract and isolated compounds was determined in terms of the ability to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO), and expressions of iNOS and COX-2 proteins in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Compounds were isolated and identified by spectroscopic methods.Results: The methanol extract of S. sumuntia leaves showed strong inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. A phytochemical assay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of S. sumuntia leaves led to the isolation of four lignans which are arctigenin (1), matairesinol (2), monomethylpinoresinol (3) and pinoresinol (4). These compounds were identified for the first time from S. sumuntia. All four compounds inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), with arctigenin showing the most potent activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 4.08 μM.Conclusion: S. sumuntia is a promising source of anti-inflammatory agents, which may clarify to the therapeutic use of this plant in Vietamese traditional medicine.Keywords: Symplocos sumuntia, Symplocos caudata, Lignan, Arctigenin, Anti-inflammator

FIELD TEST ON CLEANING OF OIL POLLUTION ON NHATRANG BEACH OF VIETNAM

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart