Relationship of serum uric acid, serum creatinine and serum cystatin C with maternal and fetal outcomes in rural Indian pregnant women

Background: Hypertensive disorders are the most common in pregnancy. Several studies showed a positive correlation between elevated maternal serum uric acid (UA), serum creatinine and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, but only a few studies are available on serum cystatin C and maternal and fetal outcomes. The present study was undertaken to study the association of serum UA, creatinine and cystatin C with maternal and fetal outcomes.Methods: Out of 116 pregnant women 69 women had no hypertension and 47 had hypertension with or without proteinuria. Serum UA, creatinine and cystatin C was measured by modified Uricase method, modified kinetic Jaffe’s reaction and particle-enhanced immunonephelometric assay respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the independent effects of serum UA, creatinine and cystatin C on maternal and fetal outcomes using stata 13.1.Results: The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 3.73 (95% CI: 1.18-11.75; P=0.024) for UA; 15.79 (95% CI: 3.04-81.94; P=0.001) for creatinine and 2.03 (95% CI: 0.70-5.87; P=0.192) for cystatin C in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. All the three renal parameters were not significantly associated with birth weight, gestational age of delivery and mode of delivery after adjusting for the confounding factors.Conclusions: Serum creatinine and uric acid are independent risk factors for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. High serum uric acid is associated with low birth weight and delivery by caesarian section whereas high serum creatinine with preterm delivery only before adjustment for confounding factors and not after adjustment. Serum cystatin C was not significantly associated with the maternal and fetal outcomes.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING WITH LC-HRMS PROFILING AND IN-VITRO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ARGYREIA CUNEATA (L.) & ARGYREIA SETOSA (L.).

The present study was designed for phytochemical screening and biological activities of Argyreia cuneata (L.) & Argyreia setosa (L.) medicinal plants. The mature leaves of A. cuneata (L.) & A. setosa (L.) were extracted with methanol (Ac-Me and As-Me) and ethyl acetate (Ac-EA and As-EA) solvent. The highest total phenolic content (0.840 ± 0.130 mg Gallic acid equivalent/ mg extract) reported from As-Me and for flavonoids 0.128 ± 0.012 mg/ml Quercetin equivalent from Ac-EA.  The Ac-Me showed higher RZID (Relative inhibition zone diameter) against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus & Protease vulgaris. In Antioxidant activity, Ac-Me and Ac-EA reports highest (IC50 = 0.580 ± 0.012 mg/ml) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging potential. However, Ac-EA showed highest (IC50 = 0.772 ± 0.059 mg/ml) nitric oxide radical scavenging potential. For Anti-diabetic activity, As-Me showed highest (IC50 = 0.783 ± 0.037 mg/ml) α-amylase inhibition activity and As-Me displayed highest (39.1 ± 2.53 mM ) glucose absorption. In Anti-inflammatory activity, Ac-EA exhibits highest (IC50 = 0.529 ± 0.009 mg/ml) protein denaturation inhibition and Ac-Me showed highest ( 91.56 ± 1.96 % ) hemolysis inhibition. The LC-HRMS analysis of methanolic extract reports the majority of phenolic compounds. The study showed that, the plants A. cuneata (L.) & A. setosa (L.)  are well exploited and can be used for the source of potent natural bioactive components. This study also may thereby provide an insight in screening of crude drug

Cold maceration extraction of wild fruit <i>Terminalia bellirica</i> (Gaertn.) Roxb.: exploring its bioactives for biomedical applications

Terminalia bellirica (T. bellirica) (Gaertn.) Roxb. is a well-known traditional medicinal plants that show promising treatment because of fewer side effects in humans. In the present study, the total phenol, flavonoid, condensed and hydrolyzable tannins extracted and analyzed from cold macerated (CM) T. bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. fruit (TBF) and leaves (TBL) extract with the identification of bioactive compounds using GC-MS/MS technique. The highest amount of bioactive content was found in ethanolic extract than toluene. Current experimental data of TBF extract shows the maximum and significant biological activity like free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and FRAP assays with IC50 values of 51.07 ± 0.52 μg/ml and 63.14 ± 0.59 μg/ml respectively. However, IC50 cytotoxicity values of TBF extract on MCF-7 cells for 24 hrs was found to be 6.34 ± 0.72 μg/ml. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for infectious pathogens Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus was >12.5 μg/ml and >100 μg/ml respectively, however, anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated as an IC50 value of 509.1 ± 1.72 μg/ml. Cold macerated fruit extract revealed threatening inhibitory potential against the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, with IC50 of 50.98 ± 0.23 μg/ml and 46.70 ± 1.38 μg/ml respectively. Finally, the outcome of this study showed that T. bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. fruit extract could be an effective source of bioactives with efficient biomedical properties.</p