41 research outputs found
Maize and sorghum biomass and protein accumulation under adequate and limited supply of water and nitrogen in Greece
Quantified analysis of selected land use systems in the Larissa Region, Greece
A dynamic crop-growth simulation model was developed, based on the "Wageningen modelling approach", calibrated and applied for quantified land evaluation purposes in the Larissa (east Thessaly) plain, Greece.The soil and climate conditions were studied in detail in three sample areas with a total extent of about 10,000 hectares. The geology, geomorphology and hydrology, and the human environment were studied as well.Crop data were collected in field experiments with maize, cotton and wheat in 1987 through 1989. The growth of widely used maize and cotton cultivars was studied in Larissa and Thessaloniki in 1987 and 1988; a durum (spring) wheat cultivar was studied in Larissa in 1989 and in Spata (Athens) in 1991.Land data were collected for calculation of the water-limited production potential, which is within the reach of the farmers in the Larissa area. A full land evaluation of the whole area was not done. Rather, it was demonstrated that the model developed allows to quantify the impact of selected limitations on the performance of land-use systems as a basis for land suitability classification
Cost efficiency of different cropping systems encompassing the energy crop Helianthus annuus L.
ArticleCrop rotation and green manure are the most ancient and popular cropping systems. This study sought to analyze the economic efficiency of sunflower where pea (Pisum sativum L.) either harvested or incorporated at the flowering stage in the soil before the sowing of sunflower in Europe and the final agricultural profit of such a cultivation system. Therefore, the main objectiveof this paper is to report the production costs and to find out which of the tested cultivation system gets sunflower cultivation economically viable in Greece and in Mediterranean region. To assess the economic efficiency, three-year field experiments were established in two contrasting environments in central Greece (Trikala and Larisa) and contained three different cultivation practices using legumes comprised the main-factor (T1: control, T2: legume incorporated at the flowering stage, T3: legume incorporated after seed harvest), while nitrogen fertilization comprised the sub-factor (N1:0, N2:50, N3:100 and N4:150 kgNha-1).The results derived from this study revealed the positive effect of the legume incorporation treatment (T2:legume incorporated at the flowering stage) where the final yield increased up to 5tha-1regardless region. Moreover, depending on the year the T2 treatment increases the final yield 30–50%and a yield increase was also noticed to the treatment where the legume was harvested (T3: legume incorporated after seed harvest). Therefore the introduction of this scheme into future land use systems in Greece and more generally in Mediterranean basin should be seriously taken into consideration
Sorghum and Maize Biomass, Protein and Bioethanol Yields in a Semi-Arid Environment of Central Greece
Comparison of two perennial energy crops for biomass production at the end of their life cycle
Nowadays fossil fuels are decreasing, causing the world's interest in renewable energy
sources to rapidly grow. One of the most interesting renewable and ecologically pure fuels is
biomass, which is considered to be carbon neutral. Biomass is a promising source of energy, as
it can be used directly as an energy resource. Its quality characteristics such as gross calorific
value and ash content are of paramount importance so as to improve the combustion process.
Furthermore, during the last three decades, there has been an increasing interest in the production
of biomass pellets for domestic and industrial use. Alternative feed stocks will need to be sourced
to meet the demand for biomass pellets. Investigation for new energy crops that produce high
amounts of biomass under low inputs and of high energy efficiency are the main tasks of this
field. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the biomass yield and the quality characteristics
(gross calorific value and ash content) of two perennial energy crops (Cynara cardunculus L. and
Panicum virgatum L.) growing in a typical soil (Fluventic Xerochrept) of the main agricultural
land of central Greece. The comparison for both cultivated crops was made in order to show the
results during their 8th growing year. The examined factors were the irrigation (two levels:
irrigated and rainfed) and the nitrogen fertilization (two levels: 0 and 80 kg N ha-1
) as well as
their effect on the dry biomass yield and the gross calorific value. It was found that higher dry
biomass yield was produced from cardoon (21.3 vs. 14.23 t ha-1
), while the higher average gross
calorific value was observed for switchgrass biomass (17.31 vs. 15.65 Mj kg-1
). Finally,
multiplying the dry biomass yield (t ha-1
) with the gross calorific value (Mj kg-1
) it was found that
334 and 245 Gj ha-1
from a cardoon and a switchgrass cultivation could be produced, respectively.
Cardoon has better results than switchgrass probably due to the fact that switchgrass is growing
from March till October; while cardoon’s growing period is from October to June and in such
areas precipitation is in shortage during summer months. Both crops could achieve high amounts
of energy per hectare and thus their introduction in future land use systems, for an
environmentally friendly energy production should be seriously taken into consideration
Leaf photosynthesis of kenaf (cv. Everglades 41) as affected by different light intensity and temperature regimes
Sorghum dry biomass yield for solid bio-fuel production affected by different N-fertilization rates
The objective of this study was to examine the effect on the dry biomass yield of two
dfferent sorghum hybrids (H1 and H2) under five different N-fertilization levels (0, 70, 140, 210
and 280 kg ha-1
) in a soil which was formed by lacustrine deposits of Karla Lake and is
characterized from the downward movement of calcium carbonate from the surface horizons due
to leaching (Fluventic Xerochrept) during 2017. The results demonstrated a significant effect
(P < 0.05) of fertilization only for one hybrid. Biomass yield ranged from 22.2 to 37.5 t ha−1. For
both hybrids, sorghum accumulated a high amount of biomass in stems. Dry stem/total biomass
ratio was rather constant throughout the different fertilization treatments achieving 81.6 and
77.5% for the first (H1) and the second hybrid (H2), respectively. The second hybrid (H2) had a
higher percentage of leaf biomass (20.1 vs. 13.8%) than the first (H1), but lagged behind in seed
production (2.4 vs. 4.6%). Biomass dry matter partitioning and total dry weight are important
selection criteria for energy crops, due to different gross calorific value and ash content but also
because of the different economic importance they may have e.g. the seed is also used as animal
feed. The above high biomass yields of sorghum, confirming the high potential of this crop,
should be taken into serious consideration regarding land use planning, but further investigation
for the gross calorific value and the ash content is needed as well as biomass characteristics that
are quite important in case to improve the combustion process
Quantified analysis of selected land use systems in the Larissa Region, Greece
A dynamic crop-growth simulation model was developed, based on the "Wageningen modelling approach", calibrated and applied for quantified land evaluation purposes in the Larissa (east Thessaly) plain, Greece.The soil and climate conditions were studied in detail in three sample areas with a total extent of about 10,000 hectares. The geology, geomorphology and hydrology, and the human environment were studied as well.Crop data were collected in field experiments with maize, cotton and wheat in 1987 through 1989. The growth of widely used maize and cotton cultivars was studied in Larissa and Thessaloniki in 1987 and 1988; a durum (spring) wheat cultivar was studied in Larissa in 1989 and in Spata (Athens) in 1991.Land data were collected for calculation of the water-limited production potential, which is within the reach of the farmers in the Larissa area. A full land evaluation of the whole area was not done. Rather, it was demonstrated that the model developed allows to quantify the impact of selected limitations on the performance of land-use systems as a basis for land suitability classification
Ecology, cultivation and utilization of the aromatic Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L.): A review
Medicinal and aromatic plants represent a stable part of the natural biodiversity legacy of many countries in the world. The present review focuses on oregano (Origanum vulgare L.; family Lamiaceae), an endemic herb in Greece that constitutes one of the best known aromatic and medicinal plants originating in the Mediterranean region. In particular, oregano is an evergreen, rich in natural compounds perennial plant that received increased attention in the last years for a wide range of uses. Oregano dry leaves and inflorescences in mixture are used as human and animal food that is extremely rich in antioxidative properties. Additionally, its essential oil is rich in carvacrol, thymol, c-terpinene and p-cymene, and is used for a number of medicinal purposes, e.g. for inhibiting microbial and fungal toxin production as well as for the well-known anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiarthritic, antiallergic, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Due to its perfect quality and high essential oil concentration, Greek oregano (O. vulgare ssp. hirtum) is regarded among the best in the world gaining in popularity in the global markets for food industry applications. Consequently, oregano might be considered as an important low-input, environmental friendly commodity for extensive cultivation in Greece. The present review summarizes on the origin, the morphology, the ecology and the utilization of this plant. Despite the extensive literature available on the use of oregano biomass and essential oil, only few reports exist concerning the cultivation of this plant. Therefore, the present review is additionally focused on the cultivation practices and the importance of cultivation and utilization of Origanum vulgare L. in Greece and generally in the Mediterranean region in the near future, as it constitutes a plant species with high medical, economic and environmental value. © 2019, Academic Press