“Fatty Acids Profiles of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), Fed with Zeolite (Clinoptilolite)”

In this Trial, the lipid contents and fatty acid compositions (% of total fatty acids) of rainbow trout fed with four different ratios of clinoptilolite were studied. The fatty acid compositions of fish in groups ranged from 26.81% to 27.93 % saturated fatty acids, 25.35–31.435 % monounsaturated and 32.99–40.185 % polyunsaturated. Among them, those occurring in the highest proportions were oleic acid (C18:1n9, 19.85-22.27 %), palmitic acid (C16:0, 15.60-16.56 %), linoleic acid (C18:2n6, 11.43-18.88 %), cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3, 13.36-15.52 %), stearic acid (C18:0, 4.25-4.75 %), palmitoleic acid (C16:1, 3.53-4.59 %), cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n3, 3.11-3.39 %), and myristic acid (C14:0, 2.56-2.85 %). The findings demonstrated that fatty acid compositions of the groups depend on feed, age, environmental conditions, and effects of feed additives like clinoptilolite. In this respect, it demonstrated that clinoptilolite can be added to fish feed

The Scrutinising of Changes in the Aquaculture Supports

In the world, aquaculture is seen as the fastest growing and developing food production sector and however, in the near future, it is estimated that the rates of fisheries and aquaculture will be equalized. In 2015, the fisheries production of the world amounted to 170.345,641 tons (fisheries; 93,704,616 tons and aquaculture; 76.641,025 tons) according to the FAO records. The aquaculture in Turkey started in 1970s and its rate in total fisheries production has rapidly increased as of 2000. In our country, the amount of aquaculture, which was 79,943 tons in 2003, reached 253.395 tons in 2016. The aquaculture rate in the total production of our country has increased by more than 310%. As one of the most important reasons for this rate increase, it is seen to be providing some support policies with various incentive systems by the government for support and encourage the aquaculture in country. Directly product support for aquaculture farmers was started in 2003. According to the total capacity of the farms, total product and fry supports were provided. In 2008, the total capacity supported was limited to 2000 tons/year. However, in 2012, different tonnage application (whole unit price to 250 tons/year and ½ unit price from 251 to 500 tons/year) were brought to the total product support and the fry support was removed. At the same time, the processed product support was brought at the rate of twice the amount specified in the invoices of the total product. In the present, the support system is still continuing. The types of product support, prices, supported capacities and the expense criteria are applied annually by issuing the “Aquaculture Support Communiqués” in the Official Gazette

Effects of zeolite (Clinoptilolite) on some water and growth parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)

The effects of zeolite (Clinoptilolite (CL)) added into pond water, on some water and growth parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), were investigated, in the present study. CL was added into water by 0 (control), 1, 2, 3 mg l -1 rates and carried out in 100 days. The results of the study showed that average body weights of fish in group were respectively, 128.242±4.748 g, 126.623±5.545 g, 126.349±0.339 g and 126.556±7.663 g and average total lengths were 21.870±0.355 cm, 21.340±0.341 cm, 21.783±0.255 cm and 21.191±0.193 cm. However, there was no statistical difference among groups for all parameters (P>0.05). At the end of the study, there was no statistical difference among groups for water parameters (P>0.05), but an obvious decreasing was observed in nitrate rates during study and in ammonium and nitrite rates during only first period

“C-Reactive Protein and Adrenomedullin Levels in Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) as Novel Bioindicators for Biomonitoring the Microbial Contamination in Inland Water of Tunceli, Turkey”

The present study focused on changes in the Creactive protein (CRP) and adrenomedullin (ADM) levels in the liver and gill tissues of Capoeta umbla as biomarkers of environmental pollution and ecosystem health in inland waters of Tunceli (Turkey). The CRP levels in liver and gills were not significantly changed in March and September at every site (p>0.05) except for site 3 in gill tissues (p<0.05). The results of statistical analysis indicate that significant differences in CRP levels were found in liver and gills among sites (p<0.05), but no changes in the gills at March (p>0.05). In March, ADM levels in gills and liver were statistically changed among sites (p<0.05), while no statistical changes were determined in September (p>0.05). The results of this study indicated that CRP levels in the tissues of the C. umbla could be utilized as a significant bioindicator for disease pathogenesis in fish infections

Chlorophyll Degradation Products in the Water of Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli-Turkey)”

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the primary production that forms the first link of the food chain in Uzun~a)'lr Dam. In addition the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were investigated according to depth determine the intense zone. Methods: The Munzur River (Tunceli) is an important water supply in Turkey and Uzun~a)'lf Dam is built on Munzur River and has a volume of 308 million hm3 on an area of 13,43 m2.Munzur and Pulumur Rivers and Dam Lake Uzun~a)'lr determined; pre-dam, dam lake and dam areas later taking into account the ten research stations have been identified. The surface, 2.5,5,7.5, and 10 m depth were investigated. Chlorophyll-a,b,c, carotenoid and phaeopigments were analyzed according to Strickland and Parsons 1972; Parsonset al. 1984 .. Results and Discussion: Currently, a rapidly increasing human population is causing environmental and water pollution which are the most seriously problems of our age. These problems have become more severe in Turkey. The need for water rises due to increase, physicochemical characteristics knew of fresh water are very important so that they could be used efficiently. Today, dams are being built on our important rivers particularly to gain energy. After gathering water in the dams, terrestrial and running water environments change into lacustrine environment step by step. During this period a rapid interaction between biological systems and ecological systems can be seen. The water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and Chi values were measured in 10 station and 5 depth point. The values of chi showed clear decline in mid seasons of autumn and winter Also chi-a and chl-b values were consistent with each other. Chi-a is particularly rich in surface and bottom water which is an indication of the abundance of phytoplankton communities. Meanwhile, the lack of a low concentration of carotenoids in the water reflects the existence of mikrozooplankton

“Effects of Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) on Some Water and Growth Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)”

The effects of zeolite (Clinoptilolite (CL)) added into pond water, on some water and growth parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), were investigated, in the present study. CL was added into water by 0 (control), 1, 2, 3 mg l-1 rates and carried out in 100 days. The results of the study showed that average body weights of fish in group were respectively, 128.242±4.748 g, 126.623±5.545 g, 126.349±0.339 g and 126.556±7.663 g and average total lengths were 21.870±0.355 cm, 21.340±0.341 cm, 21.783±0.255 cm and 21.191±0.193 cm. However, there was no statistical difference among groups for all parameters (P>0.05). At the end of the study, there was no statistical difference among groups for water parameters (P>0.05), but an obvious decreasing was observed in nitrate rates during study and in ammonium and nitrite rates during only first period

“Biochemical Response of Crayfish Astacus leptodactylus Exposed to Textile Wastewater Treated by Indigenous White Rot Fungus Coriolus versicolor”

The discharge of textile effluents into the environment without appropriate treatment poses a serious threat for the aquatic organisms. The present study was undertaken to investigate biochemical response of crayfish Astacus leptodactylus exposed to textile wastewater (TW) treated by indigenous white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) levels in hepatopancreas and abdomen tissues of crayfish exposed to untreated, treated, and diluted rates (1/10) in both TW during 24 and 96 h were tested. Physiochemical parameters (electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, and total dissolved solid (TDS)) of TW were determined before and after treatment. Physiochemical parameters of TW decreased after treatment. The GST activity and AchE were generally increased, but CYP1A1 activity was decreased in hepatopancreas tissue of crayfish exposed to different kinds of untreated TW. After treatment by indigenous white rot fungus (C. versicolor), GST and CYP1A1 activities were returned to control values, while AchE activities were increasing further. In this study, only GST and CYP1A1 activities of A. leptodactylus confirmed the efficiency of TW treatment with C. versicolor

“Assessment of Adrenomedullin Levels in Liver and Gills of Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) for Biomonitoring of Water Quality in Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli, Turkey)”,

Objective: In present study, it is focused on changes of Adrenomedullin (ADM) levels in liver and gill tissues of Capoeta umbla as biomarkers of environmental pollution and ecosystem health in Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli, Turkey). We monitored seasonal changes of ADM levels in fish samples, caught from different ten sites in Uzuncayir Dam Lake. Methods: The present study was carried out in the spring and autumn seasons because of sampling throughout these months could indicate possible seasonal swings in pollution and different biological activities of the fish. The fish were collected by local fishermen with fishing nets. Water and fish (Capoeta umbla Heckel, 1843) samples were obtained from different ten regions on Uzuncayir Dam Lake. The regions were chosen taking into account the pre-dam, Dam Lake and post-dam points at Munzur and Pulurnur Rivers and Uzuncayir Dam Lake. The pH, temperature, the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels of research sites were measured with the handheld multiparameter (YSI Professional Plus).Liver and gill tissues of fish were dissected. Tissues were rinsed with 0.9 % NaCI. The samples for analysis were homogenized in PBS buffer (pH 7.4). The homogenate was centrifuged (15 000 g, 10 min, 4°C), and supernatants, if not used immediately, were kept in the deep freeze at - 70 °C.Adrenomedullin levels were assayed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Cusabio Biotech Co. Ltd.). Results and Discussion: The ADM levels in liver of fish were not changed significantly in March and September at all sites (pO.OS). Statistical analysis results represent that no significant differences in ADM levels were found between the seasons for liver (p>O.OS).The results of this study show no seasonal and regional variations in gill tissue of Capoeta umbla for ADM levels (p>0.05). Adrenomedullin levels are not sensitive to the contaminants present in Uzuncayir Dam Lake water and are not valuable biomarkers for monitoring purposes

Effects of short and long exposure to the anesthetic 2-phenoxyethanol mixed with ethyl alcohol on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) fingerlings

Common carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758; 7.70±0.4 g; 8.38±0.8 cm) were exposed to different concentrations of 2-phenoxyethanol mixed with pure ethyl alcohol (1:1) in an open system for a short (until induction of anesthesia) or long (48 h) duration, then transferred to clean water and maintained for 96 h. The effects of the anesthetic on induction time, anesthetic stage, opercular rate, recovery time, recovery stage, and mortality were observed. For short exposure, the most suitable concentrations were 0.8, 1, and 1.2 ml/l. For long exposure, transportation, and deep sedation and partial loss of equilibrium (anesthetic stages 2 and 3), the preferable concentrations were 0.4 and 0.6 ml/l. No mortality was observed at any concentration