HCT116 ve HT29 Kolon Kanseri Hücrelerinde 5-Florourasil Kaynaklı Hücre Ölümünün Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi ile İncelenmesi

Kolon kanseri, tüm dünyada yaygın olan ve yüksek oranda ölümcül bir kanser tipidir. Tüm kanserlerde olduğu gibi kolon kanserinin seyrinin izlenmesi kritik bir öneme sahiptir. 5-Florourasil (5-FU) kolon kanserlerinde sıklıkla kullanılan bir antikanser ilaçtır ve hücre ölümü esnasında hücrelerde bir takım biyokimyasal ve moleküler farklılıklara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada HCT116 ve HT29 kolon kanseri hücreleri 5-FU kemoterapi ilacı ile inkübe edildikten sonra, 5FU’nun hücreler üzerinde oluşturduğu biyokimyasal değişikliğin tespiti için Fourier transform kızılötesi (FTIR) spektroskopisi kullanılmıştır. 5-FU'nun inhibisyon yüzdesinin 50'ye eşit olduğu konsantrasyonu (IC50), MTT yöntemi kullanılarak belirlendi. IC50 değeri saptandıktan sonra FTIR ölçümleri alındı. Buna göre, 5-FU IC50 değeri sırasıyla HCT116 hücreleri için 12,69 µg/ml, HT29 hücreleri için 10,10 µg/ml bulunmuştur. 5-FU’nun sebep olduğu hücre ölümünün göstergeleri olduğu söylenen lipit içeriğindeki artış ile nükleik asit oranı, total hücresel proteinlerin α-sarmal ve β-yaprak ikincil yapıları ve aminoasit kalıntılarının azalması, kollajen konformasyonundaki değişiklikler gibi IR biyobelirteçlerindeki değişiklikler FTIR spektroskopisi ile gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak hem ucuz ve hem de hızlı bir yöntem olan FTIR ile kanser hücre ölümünün incelenmesi alternatif bir yöntem olarak kullanılabilir

Selective cytotoxicity of paclitaxel bonded silver nanoparticle on different cancer cells

© 2020 Elsevier B.V.Paclitaxel (PTX) is one of the most effective drugs in the treatment of cancer. However, its usability is limited due to low solubility and side effects. In this study, we investigated anticancer effects of PTX bonded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-PTX) on 4 different cancer cells, namely MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, 4T1, Saos-2, and on non-cancerous HUVEC cells. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that we synthesized were first characterized by UV-VIS, FTIR, SEM, and DLS analysis. The size of AgNPs was measured to be around 3 nm and AgNPs-PTX around 10 nm. AgNPs-PTX were found to be 2 to 10 times more effective than PTX alone. Especially, Saos-2 cells were found to be approximately 10 times more sensitive to AgNPs-PTX than PTX alone. AgNPs-PTX did not caused toxicity on non-cancerous HUVEC cell and significantly reduced the viability of all cancer cells we tested. Our findings suggest that AgNPs-PTX may be an anticancer agent candidate that is more effective than PTX alone and specific to Saos-2 cells

Evaluation of anticancer effects of carboplatin–gelatin nanoparticles in different sizes synthesized with newly self-assembly method by exposure to IR light

AbstractCarboplatin (CP), a platinum analog, is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Although platinum-based drugs are quite effective in anticancer treatments, their use in a wide spectrum and effective treatment possibilities are limited due to their systemic side effects and drug resistance development. In recent years, studies have focused on increasing the therapeutic efficacy of platinum-based drugs with drug delivery systems. Gelatin, a protein, obtained by the hydrolysis of collagen, is a biocompatible and biodegradable material that can be used in nano drug delivery systems. In this study, CP-loaded gelatin-based NPs (CP-NPs) were exposed to IR light in different temperatures at 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 °C and characterized by FESEM-EDX, FTIR, UV–Vis, DLS. Accordingly, we synthesized gelatin-based CP-NPs of different sizes between 10–290 nm by exposure to IR. We found that CP-NPs-50, 16 nm nano-sized, obtained at 50 °C had the most cytotoxicity and was 2.2 times more effective than the free drug in HCT 116 colon cancer cells. Moreover, we showed that the cytotoxicity of CP-NPs-50 in normal HUVEC cells was lower. Additionally, we demonstrated that CP-NPs enhanced apoptotic activity while not developing MDR1-related resistance in colon cancer cells. In this study, for the first time drug loaded gelatin-based nanoparticles were synthesized in different sizes with a newly self-assembly method by exposing them to infrared light at different temperatures and their anticancer effects were evaluated subsequently.</jats:p

Cytotoxic Effects of Some Flavonoids and Imatinib on the K562 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line: Data Analysis Using the Combination Index Method

Background:Flavonoids are natural compounds with antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects.Aims:To determine the cytotoxic effects of flavonoids and drug resistance related to P-gp on K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. We also aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of imatinib and flavonoid combinations.Study Design:Cell culture study.Methods:In this study, K562 cells were treated with apigenin, luteolin, 5-desmethyl sinensetin and the anticancer drug imatinib mesylate. The effect of flavonoids on K562 cell proliferation was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)2,5‑diphenyl‑tetrazolium bromide assay. Concentrations of apigenin, luteolin, and 5-desmethyl sinensetin ranging from 25 to 200 μM and of imatinib from 5 to 50 μM administered for 72 h were studied. Apoptosis/necrosis and P-gp activity were measured using flow cytometry. The combined effects of different concentrations of flavonoids with imatinib were evaluated according to combination index values calculated using CompuSyn software.Results:In our study, the IC50 values for apigenin, luteolin, and 5-desmethyl sinensetin were found to be 140 μM, 100 μM, and >200 μM, respectively. Luteolin (100 μM) had the highest cytotoxic activity of these flavonoids. These results were statistically significant (p<0.05). Among the flavonoids studied, the combination of luteolin and imatinib was the most effective and is therefore recommended for its cytotoxic activity in the K562 cell line. After 72 h of incubation at their respective IC50 concentrations, all flavonoids were associated with an apoptosis rate of approximately 50%. P-glycoprotein activity was increased in all groups. Combination treatment may provide better outcomes in terms of cytotoxicity and thus reduce the dosages of imatinib used.Conclusion:The combination of some flavonoids and imatinib mesylate may increase the cytotoxic effect; However, the antagonistic effect should be considered in combined use on k562 cells

Synthesis and Anticancerogenic Effect of New Generation Ruthenium-Based Nanoparticle from Homalothecium sericeum with Eco-Friendly Method

Background: Green synthesis is a simple, inexpensive, and highly efficient method for the preparation of nanoparticles. In this study, ethanol extracts of Homalothecium sericeum (HOM) moss were used as reducing agents for the synthesis of biocompatible ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs). The ruthenium-based green synthesis method has not been used in any other work in the literature. UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), Zetasizer, FTIR, and EDX-SEM were used to characterize the RuNPs synthesized by the green synthesis method, and their efficacy on cell viability was tested on HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Methods: UV spectroscopic measurements were used to study the release of HOM-RuNPs. Apoptosis was assessed by measuring protein expression of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2 by Western blotting. The presence of apoptosis was confirmed by double staining with Hoechst dye/propidium iodide under a fluorescence microscope. HOM-RuNPs were also tested for BCRP/ABCG2 expression to check for drug resistance. Results: HOM-RuNPs with a size of 70–80 nm were found to be most effective at a dosage of 5.71 µg/ml and induced cell death by increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and p53 expression. It was also shown to reduce multidrug resistance protein (ABCG2), suggesting that it may be useful against multidrug resistance. Conclusion: Ruthenium-based nanoparticles synthesized by a green synthesis technique may be a candidate for anticancer drugs in the pharmaceutical industry and deserve further attention for proof-of-concept studies

Enhanced anticancer effect of newly synthesised albumin-bound Fe(III)-S-Methyl-thiosemicarbazones on breast cancer cells

Thiosemicarbazones and their analogues are of significant interest due to their antiviral, antibacterial and anticancer properties. Recent advancements in nanoparticle-based therapeutics have enabled targeted cancer cell treatment while minimizing harm to healthy cells. This study focused on encapsulating patented N(1)-R1-salicylidene-N(4)-R2-salicylidene-S-methylisothiosemicarbazone complexes into albumin nanocarriers, creating albumin-bound Fe(III)-S-methyl-thiosemicarbazone (ALB-FeTc) nanoparticles via a novel UV-C lamp-assisted method. The nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR, UV-Vis, DLS and EDX-SEM. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and HUVEC cells using an MTT assay. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were employed to investigate the mechanism of cell death. The study demonstrated strong cytotoxicity of FeTcs against cancer cells, with enhanced effects observed for ALB-FeTcs. The ALB-FeTcs induced apoptosis selectively in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. These results suggest that ALB-FeTcs are promising candidates for breast cancer treatment