PRÁTICAS DE HIGIENE E SANIFICAÇÃO EM INDÚSTRIA DE PESCADO CONGELADO

A Manual of Sanification and Good Hygienic Conditions of Frozen Fish Industry with the goal to orient the handlers and all staff involved into the fish processing was elaborated. In this manual the principal critical points were established, conducing to the best conditions of sanitation and hygienic in a frozen fish processing plant. This manual helps significantly the fish processing plant offering simple and effective practices for an efficient microbial safety control for fishery products.Elaborou-se Manual de Boas Práticas de Higiene e Sanificação para Indústria de Pescado Congelado com o objetivo de orientar, de forma simples e prática os manipuladores e todos os envolvidos no processamento do pescado, quanto às práticas de higiene e de sanificação necessárias para a obtenção de produto de qualidade. Para tanto montou-se fluxograma do processamento de congelamento da indústria de pescado congelado, identificando-se os principais pontos críticos de controle. Levantou-se as condições higiênico-sanitárias dos equipamentos, utensílios e processamento, assim como os hábitos higiênicos dos manipuladores. Acredita-se que o uso do Manual possa propiciar sanificação e condições adequadas de higiene para o trabalho, garantindo a qualidade do produtos

BIOAUGMENTATION OF PCP IN TWO DIFFERENT SOILS BY Sphingomonas chlorophenolica ATCC 39723

The objective of this paper was study the Pentachlorophenol (PCP) degradation by Sphingomonas chlorophenolica in two different types of soils: a loamy and a sandy soil in the presence and absence of plants (Winter wheat). Measurements of PCP concentrations were carried out in a laboratory basis using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The toxic effect of PCP on plants was studied through the monitoring of plant weight and root length. The biodegradation of PCP by S. chlorophenolica in two different kinds of soil was assessed with a bioluminescence assay of Escherichia coli HB101 pUCD607. Bacterial analyses were carried out by plating on three culture media: MSM (Mineral Salt Medium) for Sphingomonas chlorophenolica, MSM for PCP_degrading/tolerant organisms and Trypticase Soy Broth Agar (TSBA,) for heterotrophic organisms. The introduction of S. chlorophenolica into the loamy soil with plants showed a faster degradation when compared to the inoculated soil without plants. The monitoring of the plant growth showed a protective role of S. chlorophenolica against the toxicity of PCP in the loamy soil. The bioassay confirmed that initial toxicity was lower while degradation progressed. In the sandy soil, there was no significant degradation of PCP and HPLC determination suggested that more than 75 % of PCP was sorbed into the soil. The presence of the inoculum did not significantly enhance the degradation of PCP. There was no  deleterious effect of PCP to the growth of winter wheat in this type of soil when plant weight and root length were measured. In both soils there was a significant increase of S. chlorophenolica, heterotrophic and PCPdegrading/ tolerant organisms in the roots when compared to those in the soil. This study showed that the presence of the inoculum S. chlorophenolica enhanced the PCP degradation in a loamy soil and also it has a protective role to prevent phytotoxic effects of PCP on plant growth. The combined use of bioaugmentation and plants suggest that the rhizosphere of certain plant species may be important for facilitating microbial degradation of pesticides in soil with important implications for using vegetation to stabilize and remediate surface soils.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a degradação de pentaclorophenol (PCP) por S. chlorophenolica em dois diferentes tipos de solo (arenoso e argiloso) na presença e ausência de plantas (trigo - Triticum aestivum). As concentrações de PCP foram determinadas mediante Cromatografia a Líquido de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Os efeitos tóxicos de PCP foram estudados pelo monitoramento do crescimento das plantas (em peso, g) e medidas das raízes (cm). A biodegradação de PCP por S. chlorophenolica  nos dois tipos de solo foi acompanhada por análises de bioluminescência de Escherichia coli HB101 pUCD607. Contagens bacterianas foram realizadas em três meios de cultura: meio mineral para S. chlorophenolica, meio mineral para organismos degradadores/tolerantes ao PCP e ágar triptose caldo de soja para organismos heterotróficos. No solo argiloso com vegetação, a degradação de PCP ocorreu de forma mais rápida após a introdução de S. chlorophenolica que no solo sem plantas. O monitoramento do crescimento da planta mostrou o papel protetivo exercido pela S.chlorophenolica contra a toxicidade do PCP. O bioensaio confirmou que a toxicidade inicial causada pelo PCP diminuiu conforme o prosseguimento da degradação. No solo arenoso não houve degradação significativa. As determinações cromatográficas sugerem que mais de 75% do PCP estava adsorvido ao solo (não-disponível aos organismos degradadores). Não houve efeito deletério de PCP sobre o crescimento da planta nem sobre as raízes. Em ambos os solos houve aumento significativo nas populações bacterianas de Sphingomonas chlorophenolica, organismos PCP-degradadores/tolerantes e heterotróficos quando comparadas com as populações presentes nas raízes. Este estudo mostrou que a presença do inóculo Sphingomonas chlorophenolica melhorou a degradação de PCP em solo argiloso e seu papel protetor contra o efeito fitotóxico do PCP sobre plantas. A rizosfera de certas plantas pode ser importante para facilitar a degradação microbiana de pesticidas em solos com importantes implicações ao se utilizar a vegetação para estabilizar e remediar solos superficiais

The effect of rhizosphere on growth of Sphingomonas chlorophenolica ATCC 39723 during pentachlorophenol (PCP) biodegradation in batch culture and soil

Studies on the influence of the rhizosphere on the growth of Sphingomonas chlorophenolica during Pentacholophenol (PCP) degradation in batch culture and in soil were carried out. In batch culture, a basal minimal medium with or without rhizosphere exudates extracted from winter wheat was used. In soil systems, degradation experiments were performed in the presence and absence of plants. Measurements of PCP concentrations were made using high performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC). Bacterial analyses of S. chlorophenolica were carried out by plating on MSM medium. The results showed that the rhizosphere exudates stimulated the growth of the cells of S. chlorophenolica at concentrations of 50 and 80mg kg dry wt soil –1 as well as stimulating the ability of S. chlorophenolica to degrade PCP at a concentration of 80mg Kg dry wt soil -1. In addition, pentachlorophenol had an adverse effect on the growth of S. chlorophenolica. The introduction of S.chlorophenolica into the loamy soil with plants showed a faster degradation when compared to the inoculated soil without plants. There was a significant increase of S. chlorophenolica in the roots in comparison to those in the soil. This study showed that the presence of the inoculum S. chlorophenolica enhanced the PCP degradation in a loamy soil and it indicates the potential for a treatment process under a appropriate environmental conditions such as there present in soil systems

HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS: LITERATURE REVIEW

A bibliographical review is presented about Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) papers. It· s commented how it began and what is the importance for the quality and safety for foods. The food industry application is discussed and the purposes and elements of this new system as well its necessary implementation procedures are pointed out.Apresenta revisão bibliográfica sobre o Sistema de Análise de Risco e Pontos Críticos de Controle. Comenta a origem do sistema e a sua importância na garantia da qualidade e segurança do produto alimentício. São discutidas as suas aplicações na indústria de alimentos, mostrando seus objetivos e elementos, além de enfatizar os procedimentos necessários para sua implantação