208 research outputs found
Cognitive Information Processing
Contains reports on four research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant SED76-81985)Associated Press (Grant)Providence Gravure, Inc. (Grant)Taylor Publishing Company (Grant
Intra-arterial 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BUR) radiosensitization with external beam radiation in rhesus monkeys: A toxicity study
A primate toxicity study was performed to test the hypothesis that BUdR does not increase the likelihood of unilateral or bilateral central nervous system damage secondary to radiation therapy.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45393/1/11060_2004_Article_BF00177431.pd
Cognitive Information Processing
Contains reports on five research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant SED76-81985)Associated Press (Grant)Providence Gravure, Inc. (Grant)Taylor Publishing Company (Grant)Sony Corporation (Grant
Semi-parametric modeling of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Orange County, California using tests, cases, deaths, and seroprevalence data
Mechanistic modeling of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics and frequently
estimating model parameters using streaming surveillance data are important
components of the pandemic response toolbox. However, transmission model
parameter estimation can be imprecise, and sometimes even impossible, because
surveillance data are noisy and not informative about all aspects of the
mechanistic model. To partially overcome this obstacle, we propose a Bayesian
modeling framework that integrates multiple surveillance data streams. Our
model uses both SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics test and mortality time series to
estimate our model parameters, while also explicitly integrating seroprevalence
data from cross-sectional studies. Importantly, our data generating model for
incidence data takes into account changes in the total number of tests
performed. We model transmission rate, infection-to-fatality ratio, and a
parameter controlling a functional relationship between the true case incidence
and the fraction of positive tests as time-varying quantities and estimate
changes of these parameters nonparameterically. We apply our Bayesian data
integration method to COVID-19 surveillance data collected in Orange County,
California between March, 2020 and March, 2021 and find that 33-62% of the
Orange County residents experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection by the end of
February, 2021. Despite this high number of infections, our results show that
the abrupt end of the winter surge in January, 2021, was due to both behavioral
changes and a high level of accumulated natural immunity.Comment: 37 pages, 16 pages of main text, including 5 figures, 1 tabl
A Silent Enzootic of an Orthopoxvirus in Ghana, West Africa: Evidence for Multi-Species Involvement in the Absence of Widespread Human Disease
Human monkeypox has never been reported in Ghana, but rodents captured in forested areas of southern Ghana were the source of the monkeypox virus introduced into the United States in 2003. Subsequent to the outbreak in the United States, 204 animals were collected from two commercial trapping sites in Ghana. Animal tissues were examined for the presence of orthopoxvirus (OPXV) DNA using a real-time polymerase chain reaction, and sera were assayed for antibodies against OPXV. Animals from five genera (Cricetomys, Graphiurus, Funiscirus, and Heliosciurus) had antibodies against OPXV, and three genera (Cricetomys, Graphiurus, and Xerus) had evidence of OPXV DNA in tissues. Additionally, 172 persons living near the trapping sites were interviewed regarding risk factors for OPXV exposure, and their sera were analyzed. Fifty-three percent had IgG against OPXV; none had IgM. Our findings suggest that several species of forest-dwelling rodents from Ghana are susceptible to naturally occurring OPXV infection, and that persons living near forests may have low-level or indirect exposure to OPXV-infected animals, possibly resulting in sub-clinical infections
Author Correction: Transcriptomic and cellular decoding of regional brain vulnerability to neurogenetic disorders
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper
Author Correction: Convalescent plasma for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: an open-label, randomized controlled trial (Nature Medicine, (2021), 27, 11, (2012-2024), 10.1038/s41591-021-01488-2)
In the version of this Article initially published, there was an omission in the member list for the CONCOR-1 Study Group. Valérie Arsenault (Héma-Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada) has now been included in the CONCOR-1 Study Group in the online version of the article
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