1,472 research outputs found
Chemical Enhancements in Shock-accelerated Particles: Ab-initio Simulations
We study the thermalization, injection, and acceleration of ions with
different mass/charge ratios, , in non-relativistic collisionless shocks
via hybrid (kinetic ions-fluid electrons) simulations. In general, ions
thermalize to a post-shock temperature proportional to . When diffusive
shock acceleration is efficient, ions develop a non-thermal tail whose extent
scales with and whose normalization is enhanced as , so that
incompletely-ionized heavy ions are preferentially accelerated. We discuss how
these findings can explain observed heavy-ion enhancements in Galactic cosmic
rays.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR
Rayleigh-Taylor instability under an inclined plane
We revisit the canonical Rayleigh-Taylor instability and investigate the case
of a thin film of fluid upon the underside of an inclined plane. The presence
of a natural flow along the plane competes with the conventional droplet
forming instability. In particular, experiments reveal that no drops form for
inclinations greater than a critical value. These features are rationalized in
the context of the absolute/convective analysis conducted in this article
A note on the dimensional regularization of the Standard Model coupled with Quantum Gravity
In flat space, gamma5 and the epsilon tensor break the dimensionally
continued Lorentz symmetry, but propagators have fully Lorentz invariant
denominators. When the Standard Model is coupled with quantum gravity gamma5
breaks the continued local Lorentz symmetry. I show how to deform the Einstein
lagrangian and gauge-fix the residual local Lorentz symmetry so that the
propagators of the graviton, the ghosts and the BRST auxiliary fields have
fully Lorentz invariant denominators. This makes the calculation of Feynman
diagrams more efficient.Comment: 8 pages; v2: comment on first order formalism, PL
Finiteness of quantum gravity coupled with matter in three spacetime dimensions
As it stands, quantum gravity coupled with matter in three spacetime
dimensions is not finite. In this paper I show that an algorithmic procedure
that makes it finite exists, under certain conditions. To achieve this result,
gravity is coupled with an interacting conformal field theory C. The Newton
constant and the marginal parameters of C are taken as independent couplings.
The values of the other irrelevant couplings are determined iteratively in the
loop- and energy-expansions, imposing that their beta functions vanish. The
finiteness equations are solvable thanks to the following properties: the beta
functions of the irrelevant couplings have a simple structure; the irrelevant
terms made with the Riemann tensor can be reabsorbed by means of field
redefinitions; the other irrelevant terms have, generically, non-vanishing
anomalous dimensions. The perturbative expansion is governed by an effective
Planck mass that takes care of the interactions in the matter sector. As an
example, I study gravity coupled with Chern-Simons U(1) gauge theory with
massless fermions, solve the finiteness equations and determine the
four-fermion couplings to two-loop order. The construction of this paper does
not immediately apply to four-dimensional quantum gravity.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures; typos corrected, NPB versio
Quantum Topological Invariants, Gravitational Instantons and the Topological Embedding
Certain topological invariants of the moduli space of gravitational
instantons are defined and studied. Several amplitudes of two and four
dimensional topological gravity are computed. A notion of puncture in four
dimensions, that is particularly meaningful in the class of Weyl instantons, is
introduced. The topological embedding, a theoretical framework for constructing
physical amplitudes that are well-defined order by order in perturbation theory
around instantons, is explicitly applied to the computation of the correlation
functions of Dirac fermions in a punctured gravitational background, as well as
to the most general QED and QCD amplitude. Various alternatives are worked out,
discussed and compared. The quantum background affects the propagation by
generating a certain effective ``quantum'' metric. The topological embedding
could represent a new chapter of quantum field theory.Comment: LaTeX, 18 pages, no figur
More on the Subtraction Algorithm
We go on in the program of investigating the removal of divergences of a
generical quantum gauge field theory, in the context of the Batalin-Vilkovisky
formalism. We extend to open gauge-algebrae a recently formulated algorithm,
based on redefinitions of the parameters of the
classical Lagrangian and canonical transformations, by generalizing a well-
known conjecture on the form of the divergent terms. We also show that it is
possible to reach a complete control on the effects of the subtraction
algorithm on the space of the gauge-fixing parameters. A
principal fiber bundle with a connection
is defined, such that the canonical transformations are gauge
transformations for . This provides an intuitive geometrical
description of the fact the on shell physical amplitudes cannot depend on
. A geometrical description of the effect of the subtraction
algorithm on the space of the physical parameters is
also proposed. At the end, the full subtraction algorithm can be described as a
series of diffeomorphisms on , orthogonal to
(under which the action transforms as a scalar), and gauge transformations on
. In this geometrical context, a suitable concept of predictivity is
formulated. We give some examples of (unphysical) toy models that satisfy this
requirement, though being neither power counting renormalizable, nor finite.Comment: LaTeX file, 37 pages, preprint SISSA/ISAS 90/94/E
Near-IR Transmission Spectrum of HAT-P-32b using HST/WFC3
We report here the analysis of the near-infrared transit spectrum of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-32b, which was recorded with
the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on board the Hubble Space Telescope. HAT-P-32b is one of the most inflated
exoplanets discovered, making it an excellent candidate for transit spectroscopic measurements. To obtain the transit
spectrum, we have adopted different analysis methods, both parametric and non-parametric (Independent Component
Analysis, ICA), and compared the results. The final spectra are all consistent within 0.5Ï. The uncertainties obtained
with ICA are larger than those obtained with the parametric method by a factor of âŒ1.6â1.8. This difference is the tradeoff
for higher objectivity due to the lack of any assumption about the instrument systematics compared to the parametric
approach. The ICA error bars are therefore worst-case estimates. To interpret the spectrum of HAT-P-32b we used
-REx, our fully Bayesian spectral retrieval code. As for other hot Jupiters, the results are consistent with the presence
of water vapor (log H O 3.45 2 1.65
1.83 = - -
+ ), clouds (top pressure between 5.16 and 1.73 bar). Spectroscopic data over a
broader wavelength range are needed to de-correlate the mixing ratio of water vapor from clouds and identify other
possible molecular species in the atmosphere of HAT-P-32b
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