4 research outputs found
Kemijska karakterizacija slatkovodnih sedimenata u srediÅ”njoj Italiji: alat za razlikovanje antropogenih i prirodnih izvora oneÄiÅ”Äenja
Sediments in rivers represent tanks of contaminants and one class of the most harmful pollutants are heavy metals because of their toxicity, bioaccumulation, persistence and the impact on the ecosystem and the human body. Heavy metals are released into the environment from natural sources and anthropogenic activities like industrial processes, traffic, agricultural activities and sewerage system etc. The aim of the present Thesis work has been to determine chemical parameters (i.e. heavy metal concentrations) in the Nestore River Basin and to distinguish the impact of natural sources from that of anthropogenic activities. The Nestore River basin in Umbria, Central Italy shows an admirable example of heavy metal pollution in space and time. Concentrations of metals in sediments are tracked during the four seasons in the year 2010 in ten different sampling locations. The choice of the sites has been made on the basis of previously made biological investigation. For example, station 1 (The Nestore River), station 9 (The Fersinone River) and station 10 (The Calvana River) are shown like ecologically uncontaminated are their values were taken as the reference values in calculations. Samples have been treated with a microwave acid digestion and heavy metal concentrations have been obtained with Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. The values of metal concentrations have been then discussed with a statistical analysis, which included total average values seasonal trends, enrichment factor, Principal Component Analysis. In order to discriminate between natural and anthropogenic sources it has been possible to calculate baseline concentration which is defined as the 95% of the predicted ranges of metal concentration toward an average in a normal sample. This estimate represents a natural content of heavy metals without human impact and points the information about naturally present metals in a specific region.Sedimenti u rijekama predstavljaju spremnike oneÄiÅ”Äivala, a jedna su od klasa najÅ”tetnijih oneÄiÅ”Äivala teÅ”ki metali zbog svoje toksiÄnosti, bioakumulacije, postojanosti te utjecaja na ekosustav i ljudski organizam. TeÅ”ki metali u okoliÅ” dospijevaju iz prirodnih izvora i antropogenih aktivnosti poput industrijskih procesa, prometa, agrikulturalnih aktivnosti, kanalizacije i sl. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti kemijske parametre (u ovom radu koncentracije teÅ”kih metala), u porjeÄju rijeke Nestore te razlikovati utjecaj prirodnih izvora od utjecaja antropogenih aktivnosti. Kao zanimljiv primjer promjene koncentracije metala u vremenu i prostoru pokazalo se porjeÄje rijeke Nestore u pokrajini Umbria u srednjoj Italiji. Koncentracije metala u sedimentima su praÄene za vrijeme Äetiri godiÅ”nja doba tijekom 2010. godine na deset razliÄitih lokacija. Izbor stanica napravljen je na temelju prehodnog bioloÅ”kog istraživanja. Npr. stanice 1 (rijeka Nestore), stanica 9 (rijeka Fersinone) i stanica 10 (rijeka Calvana) su se pokazale kao ekoloÅ”ki nekontaminirane te su njihove vrijednosti uzete kao referentne pri proraÄunima. Uzorci su tretirani kiselom mikrovalnom digestijom, a koncentracije teÅ”kih metala su odreÄene metodom induktivno spregnute plazme - atomske emisijske spektroskopije (ICP-AES). Vrijednosti koncentracija metala podvrgnute su statistiÄkoj analizi koja je ukljuÄila ukupne prosjeÄne vrijednosti, sezonske vrijednosti, faktor obogaÄenja i analizu Metodom glavnih komponenata (Principal Component Analysis). Kako bi se odredila razlika izmeÄu prirodnih i antropogenih izvora, moguÄe je izraÄunati prirodnu koncentraciju koja se definira kao 95% predviÄenih raspona koncentracije prema prosjeku u normalnom uzorku. Predstavlja prirodan sadržaj teÅ”kih metala bez ljudskih utjecaja te ukazuje na informacije o prirodno prisutnim koncentracijama metala u pojedinoj regiji
Kemijska karakterizacija slatkovodnih sedimenata u srediÅ”njoj Italiji: alat za razlikovanje antropogenih i prirodnih izvora oneÄiÅ”Äenja
Sediments in rivers represent tanks of contaminants and one class of the most harmful pollutants are heavy metals because of their toxicity, bioaccumulation, persistence and the impact on the ecosystem and the human body. Heavy metals are released into the environment from natural sources and anthropogenic activities like industrial processes, traffic, agricultural activities and sewerage system etc. The aim of the present Thesis work has been to determine chemical parameters (i.e. heavy metal concentrations) in the Nestore River Basin and to distinguish the impact of natural sources from that of anthropogenic activities. The Nestore River basin in Umbria, Central Italy shows an admirable example of heavy metal pollution in space and time. Concentrations of metals in sediments are tracked during the four seasons in the year 2010 in ten different sampling locations. The choice of the sites has been made on the basis of previously made biological investigation. For example, station 1 (The Nestore River), station 9 (The Fersinone River) and station 10 (The Calvana River) are shown like ecologically uncontaminated are their values were taken as the reference values in calculations. Samples have been treated with a microwave acid digestion and heavy metal concentrations have been obtained with Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. The values of metal concentrations have been then discussed with a statistical analysis, which included total average values seasonal trends, enrichment factor, Principal Component Analysis. In order to discriminate between natural and anthropogenic sources it has been possible to calculate baseline concentration which is defined as the 95% of the predicted ranges of metal concentration toward an average in a normal sample. This estimate represents a natural content of heavy metals without human impact and points the information about naturally present metals in a specific region.Sedimenti u rijekama predstavljaju spremnike oneÄiÅ”Äivala, a jedna su od klasa najÅ”tetnijih oneÄiÅ”Äivala teÅ”ki metali zbog svoje toksiÄnosti, bioakumulacije, postojanosti te utjecaja na ekosustav i ljudski organizam. TeÅ”ki metali u okoliÅ” dospijevaju iz prirodnih izvora i antropogenih aktivnosti poput industrijskih procesa, prometa, agrikulturalnih aktivnosti, kanalizacije i sl. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti kemijske parametre (u ovom radu koncentracije teÅ”kih metala), u porjeÄju rijeke Nestore te razlikovati utjecaj prirodnih izvora od utjecaja antropogenih aktivnosti. Kao zanimljiv primjer promjene koncentracije metala u vremenu i prostoru pokazalo se porjeÄje rijeke Nestore u pokrajini Umbria u srednjoj Italiji. Koncentracije metala u sedimentima su praÄene za vrijeme Äetiri godiÅ”nja doba tijekom 2010. godine na deset razliÄitih lokacija. Izbor stanica napravljen je na temelju prehodnog bioloÅ”kog istraživanja. Npr. stanice 1 (rijeka Nestore), stanica 9 (rijeka Fersinone) i stanica 10 (rijeka Calvana) su se pokazale kao ekoloÅ”ki nekontaminirane te su njihove vrijednosti uzete kao referentne pri proraÄunima. Uzorci su tretirani kiselom mikrovalnom digestijom, a koncentracije teÅ”kih metala su odreÄene metodom induktivno spregnute plazme - atomske emisijske spektroskopije (ICP-AES). Vrijednosti koncentracija metala podvrgnute su statistiÄkoj analizi koja je ukljuÄila ukupne prosjeÄne vrijednosti, sezonske vrijednosti, faktor obogaÄenja i analizu Metodom glavnih komponenata (Principal Component Analysis). Kako bi se odredila razlika izmeÄu prirodnih i antropogenih izvora, moguÄe je izraÄunati prirodnu koncentraciju koja se definira kao 95% predviÄenih raspona koncentracije prema prosjeku u normalnom uzorku. Predstavlja prirodan sadržaj teÅ”kih metala bez ljudskih utjecaja te ukazuje na informacije o prirodno prisutnim koncentracijama metala u pojedinoj regiji
Kemijska karakterizacija slatkovodnih sedimenata u srediÅ”njoj Italiji: alat za razlikovanje antropogenih i prirodnih izvora oneÄiÅ”Äenja
Sediments in rivers represent tanks of contaminants and one class of the most harmful pollutants are heavy metals because of their toxicity, bioaccumulation, persistence and the impact on the ecosystem and the human body. Heavy metals are released into the environment from natural sources and anthropogenic activities like industrial processes, traffic, agricultural activities and sewerage system etc. The aim of the present Thesis work has been to determine chemical parameters (i.e. heavy metal concentrations) in the Nestore River Basin and to distinguish the impact of natural sources from that of anthropogenic activities. The Nestore River basin in Umbria, Central Italy shows an admirable example of heavy metal pollution in space and time. Concentrations of metals in sediments are tracked during the four seasons in the year 2010 in ten different sampling locations. The choice of the sites has been made on the basis of previously made biological investigation. For example, station 1 (The Nestore River), station 9 (The Fersinone River) and station 10 (The Calvana River) are shown like ecologically uncontaminated are their values were taken as the reference values in calculations. Samples have been treated with a microwave acid digestion and heavy metal concentrations have been obtained with Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. The values of metal concentrations have been then discussed with a statistical analysis, which included total average values seasonal trends, enrichment factor, Principal Component Analysis. In order to discriminate between natural and anthropogenic sources it has been possible to calculate baseline concentration which is defined as the 95% of the predicted ranges of metal concentration toward an average in a normal sample. This estimate represents a natural content of heavy metals without human impact and points the information about naturally present metals in a specific region.Sedimenti u rijekama predstavljaju spremnike oneÄiÅ”Äivala, a jedna su od klasa najÅ”tetnijih oneÄiÅ”Äivala teÅ”ki metali zbog svoje toksiÄnosti, bioakumulacije, postojanosti te utjecaja na ekosustav i ljudski organizam. TeÅ”ki metali u okoliÅ” dospijevaju iz prirodnih izvora i antropogenih aktivnosti poput industrijskih procesa, prometa, agrikulturalnih aktivnosti, kanalizacije i sl. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti kemijske parametre (u ovom radu koncentracije teÅ”kih metala), u porjeÄju rijeke Nestore te razlikovati utjecaj prirodnih izvora od utjecaja antropogenih aktivnosti. Kao zanimljiv primjer promjene koncentracije metala u vremenu i prostoru pokazalo se porjeÄje rijeke Nestore u pokrajini Umbria u srednjoj Italiji. Koncentracije metala u sedimentima su praÄene za vrijeme Äetiri godiÅ”nja doba tijekom 2010. godine na deset razliÄitih lokacija. Izbor stanica napravljen je na temelju prehodnog bioloÅ”kog istraživanja. Npr. stanice 1 (rijeka Nestore), stanica 9 (rijeka Fersinone) i stanica 10 (rijeka Calvana) su se pokazale kao ekoloÅ”ki nekontaminirane te su njihove vrijednosti uzete kao referentne pri proraÄunima. Uzorci su tretirani kiselom mikrovalnom digestijom, a koncentracije teÅ”kih metala su odreÄene metodom induktivno spregnute plazme - atomske emisijske spektroskopije (ICP-AES). Vrijednosti koncentracija metala podvrgnute su statistiÄkoj analizi koja je ukljuÄila ukupne prosjeÄne vrijednosti, sezonske vrijednosti, faktor obogaÄenja i analizu Metodom glavnih komponenata (Principal Component Analysis). Kako bi se odredila razlika izmeÄu prirodnih i antropogenih izvora, moguÄe je izraÄunati prirodnu koncentraciju koja se definira kao 95% predviÄenih raspona koncentracije prema prosjeku u normalnom uzorku. Predstavlja prirodan sadržaj teÅ”kih metala bez ljudskih utjecaja te ukazuje na informacije o prirodno prisutnim koncentracijama metala u pojedinoj regiji
Evaluation of geochemical baselines and metal enrichment factor values through high ecological quality reference points: a novel methodological approach
In this study, we propose a new approach to estimate geochemical local baselines and enrichment factor values for metals in riverine sediments. The goal is to describe catchment areas characterized by intensive and spread anthropogenic activities, for which it is challenging to identify undisturbed sites to utilize as reference. The case study is the Nestore river basin (Central Italy). Our approach is based on the use of ecological quality as a criterium to select the reference points in the normalization processes of metal baselines. The rationale is to assume that the sediments with a better environmental quality are anthropogenically least impaired. On these grounds, we detected geochemical local baselines and enrichment factor values of various metals (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and Zn). Also, this approach allowed to highlight a major level of pollution for the most downstream site of Nestore river and its left tributari